乳房假体植入一期乳房再造

目的介绍单纯应用乳房假体胸肌间植入在行乳腺癌改良根治术后一期乳房再造方法。方法有选择的在行乳腺癌改良根治术后立即应用乳房假体胸肌间植入一期乳房再造。结果再造乳房外形美观,患者满意。结论乳房假体植入一期乳房再造是一种简便、安全的方法。     

术后即刻硅胶假体乳房再造在保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用

目的探讨术后即刻胸大肌包裹硅胶假体行乳房再造在早期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕的改良根治术中应用的可行性。方法自2006年1月至2009年11月,扬州市第一人民医院对28例早期乳腺癌行保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后即刻采用胸大肌包裹硅胶假体的乳房再造,观察术后并发症及患者满意度。结果术后随访13～58个月,出现假体渗漏1例,乳头感觉减退2例,包膜挛缩1例,骨转移1例,28例均存活。27例对术后乳房外形满意,满意率96．43％。结论保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻硅胶乳房假体再造,在保证肿瘤治疗的前提下,同时满足了患者对保持乳房外形美观的要求。手术简便、创伤小、恢复快,在术后并发症、局部复发率及死亡率等方面与单纯乳腺癌手术相比并无差异。     

保留乳头乳晕复合体乳腺癌根治即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建

目的 探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体（NAC）的乳腺癌改良根治术即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建的可行性.方法 对28例0、I、II期乳腺癌行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,即刻于胸大肌后方植入硅胶假体重建乳房,并根据冰冻切片结果决定是否保留NAC.结果 28例早期乳腺癌均保留了NAC,术后随访2～18个月（中位随访期：15个月）,外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达96.5%;均无局部复发或远处转移,无明显术后并发症.结论 保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房重建,能达到满意的乳房美容效果,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法.     

保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术Ⅰ期假体植入重建乳房的探讨

目的探讨保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术Ⅰ期假体植入乳房重建的可行性。方法对15例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同期于胸大、小肌间植入硅胶假体重建乳房。结果保留乳头乳晕复合体5例,不保留乳头乳晕复合体10例,术后随访5～27个月,术后外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达97%。所有病例均无局部复发或远处转移。结论保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房重建,具有操作方便、效果明显,是安全可行的手术方法。     

Ⅰ期假体植入乳房再造在保留乳头乳腺癌改良根治术中的临床应用

目的  探讨Ⅰ期假体植入乳房再造在保留乳头乳腺癌改良根治术中应用的可行性。方法  2005年2月至2009年4月对22例早期乳腺癌患者实施保留乳头的乳腺癌改良根治加Ⅰ期假体植入乳房再造术。按自愿原则采用假体植入Ⅰ期乳房再造,术后治疗按常规进行。结果  再造手术均取得成功,经过6～56个月随访,全部病例均未发现复发和转移,再造乳房形态自然,美容效果好,术后外观评价优良率90.9%,差者9.1%。其中2例乳头乳晕部分皮肤发生缺血坏死,通过换药愈合;2例术后出现轻度假体移位。结论  保留乳头乳腺癌改良根治术后Ⅰ期假体植入乳房再造美容效果满意,手术操作简单易行,是早期乳腺癌患者的一种安全有效的手术方式。      

两种保留乳房术式在早期乳腺癌治疗中的效果观察

目的评价两种乳腺癌根治保留乳房术式的美容效果和近期疗效。方法40例早期乳腺癌患者中,行保留乳头乳晕复合体（NAC）乳腺癌根治术一期假体植入再造（A组）22例,行保留乳房的乳腺癌根治术（B组）18例,比较两组术后美容效果的优良率,随访术后复发转移情况。结果两组间患者年龄、病理性质、临床分期相似（P〉0.05）,术后美容效果优良率A组优于B组（P〈0.05）,复发转移无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论乳腺癌保留NAC改良根治术一期假体植入乳房再造术与保乳根治术相比疗效相当,乳房再造更适合中国人群。     

乳癌改良根治术后立即植入乳房假体9例报告

乳癌改良根治术后立即植入乳房假体９例报告江苏省常州市第一人民医院路向前，丰美芳，王旭芬摘要对９例现癌患者行改良根治术后，立即植入国产硅胶乳房假体．术后７例整形效果满意，２例效果欠佳．随访１～４年，皆健在，无整形区不适及硬化等并发症，无肿瘤复发．关键词...     

即刻乳房再造在乳腺癌改良根治术后的应用

目的：研究即刻乳房再造术在乳腺癌改良根治术后的应用效果。方法选取2010-2013年间在我院接受治疗的20例乳腺癌改良根治术后患者,分别采用腹直肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、假体乳房再造、背阔肌肌皮瓣结合假体进行术后即刻乳房再造。结果全组手术病缘病理达到隐形,皮瓣成活,无假体并发症。随访6个月,全部患者无肿瘤局部复发或远处转移,再造乳房无包膜挛缩,外形满意。结论乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造效果明显,成活率高,外形良好,改善了乳腺癌患者的生活质量,值得临床推广和应用。     

侧胸皮下组织瓣在乳房即时再造的应用

目的：介绍乳腺癌改良根治术同期应用自体组织及硅凝胶假体植入行乳房再造的经验。方法：对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌，行改良根治术，同时应用自体组织（侧胸皮下组织瓣）及硅凝胶假体植入行乳房再造。结果：应用该方法治疗15例，再造乳房形态良好，生活质量明显提高。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术同期乳房再造，能减少乳房缺失的心理压力，满足肿瘤治疗和形体美两方面要求，提高患者生存质量。     

乳腺癌改良根治同期背阔肌移植乳房再造术的探讨

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后同时行背阔肌移植乳房再造的可行性及效果.方法 分析笔者所在医院2004年1月至2008年12月35例乳腺癌患者行乳腺癌改良根治术后同时行同侧背阔肌移植乳房再造的效果.结果 全部病例肌皮瓣成活,无淋巴漏、无局部复发,再造乳房形态满意.结论 乳癌改良根治术后同时行背阔肌肌皮瓣移植再造乳房,效果好,值得临床推广.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.