IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3诊断矮小儿童生长激素缺乏的价值

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ ( IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3 ( IGFBP-3)诊断矮小儿童生长激素缺乏的价值.方法:①对64例身材矮小患儿用精氨酸激发试验和左旋多巴激发试验检测其血清生长激素(GH)水平,两项药物激发试验GH峰值均＜10ng/ml诊断为生长激素缺乏(GHD组,40例),其中有一项激发试验GH峰值＞10ng/ml,即可确实诊断为特发性矮小症( ISS组,23例).选取45例健康儿童作为对照组.②用化学发光法检测血清IGF-Ⅰ和IGFBP-3水平.结果:①血清IGF-Ⅰ水平,GHD组为(80.35±32.46)ng/ml,ISS组为(123.26±62.13)ng/ml,正常对照组为(362.20±78.21)ng/ml;血清IGFBP-3水平,GHD组为(2.67±1.32)ng/ml,ISS组为(3.62±1.524)ng/ml,正常对照组(6.39±1.06)ng/ml.②GHD组和ISS组患儿血清IGF-Ⅰ和IGFBP-3水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05) ;GHD组比ISS组患儿血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3水平减低有显著性差异(P<0.05).③按正常对照组x-2s作为临界值诊断GHD,IGF-Ⅰ的阳性率为95%; IGFBP-3的阳性率为92.5%;IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3水平同时评价时,阳性率为87.50%.结论:IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3检测可用于诊断身材矮小儿童的生长激素缺乏.     

检测血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3对儿童生长激素缺乏症的诊断价值

目的：探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)浓度在诊断生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿中的应用价值。方法：用免疫放射分析检测38例GHD患儿和42例对照儿童的血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3,同时进行生长激素(GH)激发试验,用化学发光法检测GH,对两组结果进行比较。结果：GHD组患儿IGF-1和IGFBP-3均显著低于对照组儿童,且在GH激发试验中,GH的增加值也明显低于对照组。结论：检测血清中的IGF-1和IGFBP-3,对诊断GHD儿童具有重要价值。     

测定IGF-1及其结合蛋白诊断生长激素缺乏症的价值

目的：探讨胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）诊断生长激素缺乏症的价值。方法：采用免疫放射分析（IRMA）分别检测32例生长激素缺乏症（GHD）、35例特发性矮小症（Idiopathic short-small syndrome,ISS）、30例健康儿童血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平,同时比较IGF-1和IGFBP-3诊断GHD敏感性、特异性和实验有效率。结果：GHD组、ISS组、正常对照组血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平,两两比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平与GH激发试验中的GH峰值呈正相关（r=0.312、0.354,P〈0．05）;诊断GHD,IGF-1的特异性为82,9％,敏感性为68．8％;IGFBP-3的特异性为91．4％,敏感性为75．0％,两者比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：IGF-1和IGFBP-3的检测可能可作为筛查和诊断GHD有价值的指标,血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平的检测可能可替代GH激发试验。     

特发性矮小症儿童血清GH、IGF-1、微量元素与体格发育指标的相关性分析

目的调查分析特发矮小症(ISS)儿童血清中生长激素(GH)、胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平及钙镁锌等微量元素状况。方法选取2014年2月至2018年2月我院收治的矮小症儿童230例为研究对象(其中138例ISS患儿纳入ISS组,余下92例非ISS矮小症儿童纳入非ISS组),另选择同期体检的健康儿童50例为对照组,采用精氨酸激发试验及可乐定激发试验检测其血清GH水平,并分析三组IGF-1、微量元素(钙镁锌、维生素D)水平、体格发育指标[身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、瘦素(Leptin)、骨钙素(Ost)],分析ISS儿童GH、IGF-1水平与微量元素水平、体格发育指标的相关性。结果ISS组可乐定、精氨酸激发试验阳性率高于非ISS组(P<0.05);ISS组、非ISS组血清GH、IGF-1、钙、镁、锌及维生素D水平低于对照组,ISS组血清GH、IGF-1、钙及维生素D水平低于非ISS组(P<0.05);ISS组、非ISS组的身高、体重、BMI及血清Ost水平低于对照组,而Leptin水平高于对照组,ISS组的身高、体重及血清Leptin、Ost水平也低于非ISS组(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析发现,ISS儿童血清GH、IGF-1水平与血清钙、锌、维生素D、BMI、Ost呈正相关,与Leptin呈负相关(P<0.05),而矮小症儿童血清GH、IGF-1水平与血清钙、镁、维生素D、BMI呈正相关,与Leptin呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论ISS儿童血清GH、IGF-1水平普遍偏低,且其钙镁锌等微量元素明显不足,可通过GH/IGF-1轴、微量元素对其进行诊断,并合理补充微量元素。     

IGF-1、IGFBP-3、CEA和CA125联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3,IGFBP-3)、CEA及CA125联合检测对肺癌诊断的临床价值.方法 采用化学发光法分别对77例肺癌患者和41名健康体检者血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、CEA和CA125水平进行检测,并对检测结果进行对比分析.结果 肺癌组血清IGF-1水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),血清IGFBP-3水平明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);单项检测时IGF-1灵敏性为28.57％,CEA灵敏性为44.16％,CA125灵敏性为40.26％;三项指标联合检测时灵敏性为75.33％.结论 IGF-1有助于肺癌的诊断,IGF-1、CEA及CA125联合检测可显著提高肺癌检出率.     

胰岛素样生长因子及胰岛素样生长因子结合结白-3与胎儿生长发育的关系

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3与胎儿生长发育的关系,为FGR的临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据和新思路。方法分别采集确诊FGR组、正常对照组和巨大儿组胎儿脐血标本,采用放射免疫测定其中胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3的含量。结果 1.FGR组脐血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平下降,巨大儿组脐血清IGF-Ⅰ水平升高;2.新生儿脐血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ水平与新生儿出生体重、身长、胎盘重量呈明显正相关关系,脐血清IGF-Ⅰ水平与胎龄呈明显正相关关系,脐血清IGFBP-3水平与胎龄、新生儿出生体重、身长、胎盘重量呈明显正相关关系;3.脐血清IGF-Ⅰ与IG-FBP-3水平与产妇产前体重呈明显正相关关系,IGF-Ⅱ水平与产妇产前体重呈正相关关系。结沦脐血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平可作为预测胎儿和胎盘生长发育情况的参考指标,IGF-Ⅰ水平是其中最灵敏的指标;脐血清IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGFBP-3水平的降低可能是导致FGR的重要原因之一;监测产妇产前体重可以间接反映胎儿血IGFs及IG-FBP-3水平,进而反映胎儿的生长发育状况。     

心脏彩超联检血清cTnI、IGF-Ⅰ和IGFBP-3水平对先天性心脏病诊断的临床价值

目的:探讨了心脏彩超联检血清心特异性肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平对先天性心脏病的诊断价值.方法:应用放射免疫分析和酶联法对32例先天性心脏病患者进行了血清cTnI、IGF-Ⅰ和IGFBP-3测定,并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:先天性心脏...     

染色体平衡易位46,XY,t（4;7）（q21;p15）致生长激素缺乏症的临床综合分析

目的探讨平衡易位携带者对子代的影响。方法患者及家系成员外周血淋巴细胞常规培养制备染色体,进行核型分析。对患者进行复合刺激试验,采用化学发光法检测生长激素（GH）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）和促黄体生成激素（LH）水平,同时检测其他代谢相关生化指标及相关影象检查。结果患者核型为46,XY,t（4;7）（q21;p15）,患者母亲核型为46,XX,t（4;7）（q21;p15）,其他成员核型正常。患者复合刺激试验示GH分泌反应低下,FSH、LH反应正常,血清胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、硫酸去氢表雄酮（DHEA-S）、总睾酮（T）低于参考范围的下限。骨龄11岁,垂体MRI排除脑组织异常。结论患者的异常表型是由于生长激素缺乏所致,常染色体平衡易位可致子代生长激素缺乏症。     

丝胶对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠海马生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1轴的作用

目的:探讨丝胶对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠海马生长激素(GH)/胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)轴的作用.方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、丝胶治疗组和阳性对照组.2％链脲佐菌素3d连续腹腔注射的方法建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型后,丝胶治疗组和阳性对照组大鼠分别给予丝胶和二甲双胍灌胃治疗35 d.ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清GH和IGF-1水平,免疫印迹和RT-PCR法分别检测大鼠海马GH、生长激素受体(GHR)和IGF-1蛋白和mRNA的表达.结果:与正常对照组大鼠比较,糖尿病模型大鼠血清GH水平、海马GH的表达明显升高,血清IGF-1水平、海马GHR和IGF-1的表达明显降低;与糖尿病模型组大鼠比较,丝胶治疗组大鼠血清GH水平、海马GH的表达明显降低,血清IGF-1水平、海马GHR和IGF-1的表达明显升高.结论:丝胶可通过调节糖尿病海马GH/IGF-1轴的异常变化减轻海马损伤.     

窒息新生儿脐血胰岛素样生长因子1和免疫球蛋白水平变化

目的:观察窒息新生儿脐血中胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)及其结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA以及补体C3、C4水平的变化。方法:选择临产急性胎儿窘迫孕妇,娩出新生儿正常者30例为窘迫组,娩出新生儿窒息者30例为窒息组,同期剖宫产正常新生儿30例为对照组。采集各组新生儿脐动脉血,用ELISA检测血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平;用免疫比浊法检测免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM和IgA及补体C3、C4含量。结果:窘迫组和窒息组新生儿脐血IGF-1、IGFBP-3、IgG、IgA水平均显著对照组(P0.05);窒息组新生儿脐血IGF-1、IGFBP-3、IgG、IgM、IgA、C3水平更低于窘迫组(P0.05)。结论:窒息新生儿IGF-1、IGFBP-3减少,体液免疫功能低下。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.