Supplementation of retrobulbar block with clonidine in vitreoretinal surgery: effect on postoperative pain

Study Objective

To evaluate the effect of clonidine when added to local anesthetics on duration of postoperative analgesia during retrobulbar block.

Design

Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Operating room and Postanesthesia Care Unit of a university-affiliated hospital.

Subjects

80 ASA physical status 1, 2, and 3 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery with or without scleral buckling.

Interventions

Patients in the control group (n = 40) received a retrobulbar block with 4.5 mL of lidocaine-bupivacaine and 0.5 mL of saline. Clonidine group patients (n = 40) received 4.5 mL of lidocaine-bupivacaine and 0.5 μg/kg of clonidine in a 0.5 mL volume.

Measurements

The time to first analgesic request, frequency of postoperative pain, and number of postoperative analgesic requests per patient were assessed.

Main Results

37 patients in the control group (92.5%) versus 24 patients (60%) in the clonidine group reported pain postoperatively (P = 0.001), with a shorter time to first analgesic request noted in the control group (4.9 ± 3 vs 11.9 ± 5.3 hrs; P < 0.001). The median number of postoperative analgesic requests per patient during the first 24 hours was higher in the control group than the clonidine group [2 (0-3) vs. 1 (0-3); P < 0.001].

Conclusions

The addition of clonidine 0.5 μg/kg to the local anesthetics of a retrobulbar block for vitreoretinal surgery decreases the frequency of postoperative pain and prolongs the time of analgesia.     

Postoperative pain management in pediatric patients undergoing minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum: The role of intercostal block

Purpose

There are no published data regarding value of intercostal block following pectus excavatum repair. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intercostal block in children following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE).

Methods

Forty-five patients given patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine postoperatively were studied. Twenty-six patients were given bilateral intercostal blocks after induction of anesthesia (PCA-IB group), and nineteen patients were retrospective controls without regional blockade (PCA group). All patients were followed up 24 h postoperatively.

Results

A loading dose of morphine (0,1 ± 0,49 mg/kg) before starting PCA was used in seventeen patients in PCA group vs. no patient in PCA-IB group. Cumulative used morphine doses were lower up to 12 h after surgery in PCA-IB group (0,29 ± 0,08 μg/kg) than in the PCA group (0,46 ± 0,18 μg/kg), p < 0,01. There were no differences in pain scores, oxygen saturation values, sedation scores, and the incidence of pulmonary adverse events between the two groups. There was a tendency towards less morphine-related adverse effects in PCA-IB group compared to PCA group (p < 0,05). No complications related to the intercostal blocks were observed.

Conclusion

Bilateral intercostal blocks following MIRPE are safe and easy to perform and can diminish postoperative opioid requirement. Double-blind randomized study is required to confirm the potential to diminish opioid related side effects.     

前锯肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜手术患者术后急性疼痛和炎症反应的影响

目的 观察前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对胸腔镜手术患者术后急性疼痛和炎症反应的影响.方法 选择2018年2月至2020年2月拟行胸腔镜手术患者104例,男64例,女40例,年龄26～64岁,BMI 18～24 kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组52例.S组采用全麻联合术前30 min行SAPB...     

不同剂量羟考酮对妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛及应激反应的影响

目的观察不同剂量羟考酮对妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛及应激反应的影响。方法择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,年龄18~50岁,随机均分为三组,每组20例。手术结束前15 min,C组静脉注射生理盐水5 ml,L组静脉注射羟考酮0.05 mg/kg,H组静脉注射羟考酮0.1 mg/kg。采用VAS评分和改良镇静-躁动评分(RASS)评价患者术后1、6、12、24 h的疼痛和镇静程度。于麻醉前、术后6、12、24 h测定血清中血糖和皮质醇水平。记录追加哌替啶及不良反应情况。结果 L组和H组在术后1 h的VAS评分明显低于C组(P0.05);H组在术后6 h的VAS评分明显低于C组和L组(P0.05)。L组和H组在术后1 h的RASS评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。与麻醉前比较,术后6、12、24 h三组血糖和血清皮质醇水平明显升高(P0.05)。L组和H组术后6、12 h血糖和血清皮质醇水平明显低于C组(P0.05)。三组无一例躁动、瘙痒和呼吸抑制,但均有1例(5%)恶心呕吐和头晕,组间差异无统计学意义。L组和H组术后均有2例(10%)追加哌替啶,明显少于C组的8例(40%)(P0.05)。结论术毕前静脉注射羟考酮0.1 mg/kg,可有效缓解妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛,术后应激反应较轻。     

Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

ObjectiveTo assess safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided TAP block in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis.Subjects and methodsThis randomized controlled trial involved 108 children, 3–7 years old, randomly allocated into one of two equal groups; TAP Group and Control Group. All children received general anesthesia using propofol 1.5–2.5 mg/kg, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. TAP Group received 0.5 ml/kg of ropivacaine 0.375% bilaterally under ultrasound guidance and control group received regular analgesics. Quality of analgesia was assessed using Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Objective behavioral pain score (OPS). The primary outcome measures were hemodynamic parameters and degree of pain. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative fentanyl requirement, postoperative rescue analgesia (time and dose), complications, hospital stay and degree of satisfaction of patients and their parents.ResultsTAP block group had significantly lower intraoperative fentanyl dose (p < 0.001), significantly longer time to first postoperative request of analgesic (p < 0.001), lower analgesic dose during the first postoperative 24 h (p < 0.001) and lower pain scores along the whole 24 postoperative hours. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were within the clinically accepted range in the two groups. Parents’ satisfaction was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the TAP block group.ConclusionTAP block under ultrasound guidance was easy, safe, reliable and effective analgesic in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis.     

球后神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在角膜移植术中的应用研究

目的  探讨球后神经阻滞联合全身麻醉（全麻）在穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）中的应用价值。方法  研究对象选择2017年1月至2019年1月期间行PKP的100例受者。采用随机数字表法将受者分为观察组50例）与对照组（50例）。对照组行喉罩通气全麻术;观察组行喉罩通气全麻术联合球后神经阻滞技术。观察两组PKP受者手术前后血流动力学改变、术中镇痛剂使用量以及并发症的发生情况,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估两组受者术后2、6、24 h疼痛程度,观察两组受者的苏醒情况。比较两组受者术前1 d及术后1 d的炎症因子水平。结果  观察组在术中15 min、手术结束时的平均动脉压、心率明显高于对照组（均为P < 0.05）。观察组受者术中瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚的使用量分别为（1.0±0.4）、（299±40）mg,明显低于对照组受者的（1.3±0.6）、（365±42）mg（均为P < 0.05）。两组并发症发生率的比较均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。观察组受者在术后2、6、12 h的VAS评分均低于对照组受者（均为P < 0.01）。观察组受者呼吸恢复、呼之睁眼、定向力恢复及拔管时间均短于对照组受者（均为P < 0.05）。观察组受者术后1 d的白介素（IL）-1、IL-6及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平均低于对照组受者（均为P < 0.05）。结论  球后神经阻滞联合全麻可以维持PKP术中血流动力学稳定,降低瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚使用量,减轻受者术后疼痛程度以及炎症反应。     

The effects of preoperative rofecoxib,metoclopramide, dexamethasone,and ondansetron on postoperative pain and nausea in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background No trial to date has evaluated the combined effect of preoperative Rofecoxib, Metoclopramide, Dexamethasone, and Ondansetron on postoperative pain and nausea in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted on patients undergoing elective LC. The patients in the intervention group received Rofecoxib 25 mg PO. Additionally the study group received Metoclopramide 10 mg and Dexamethasone 4 mg; and Ondansetron 4 mg intravenously. Pain and nausea were rated preoperatively, on arrival at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), at points until discharge, and at 24 hours. Results 97 patients were in the control group, and 108 received intervention. The intervention group had a smaller proportion of men (10% vs. 23%; p < 0.015). There were differences in: length of stay (LOS) until discharge criteria met (12.88 vs. 9.85 hours, p = 0.0006), pain rating on arrival to floor (3.55 vs. 2.48, p = 0.003); highest pain rating (4.38 vs. 3.56, p = 0.032), highest nausea rating (2.99 vs. 1.47, p = 0.001), worst nausea since discharge (2.58 vs. 1.26, p = 0.005), and the use of postoperative anti-emetics in women (64% vs. 37.1%, p = 0.001). Conclusions The use of this preoperative regimen resulted in decreased LOS, maximum pain, and nausea ratings. Patients in the intervention group required less postoperative anti-emetics.     

焦虑抑郁状态对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨妇科腹腔镜手术患者术前焦虑抑郁状态对术后疼痛的影响。方法选择腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术或子宫肌瘤剜除术患者90例,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,术前访视时采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS)进行焦虑状态评分。以HADS 9分为界将患者分为低评分组(HARDS≤9分,L组)和高评分组(HADS9分,H组)。记录患者术后30、60 min、6、12、24 h的视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS评分)。分别对术后不同时点VAS评分与术前HADS评分作相关性分析。记录两组镇痛药物使用量、术后排气时间和恶心、呕吐、头晕、肩背部疼痛等不良反应的发生情况。结果与H组比较,L组术后6 h VAS评分明显降低;术后30 min、60 min、12 h、24 h两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。术后6 h VAS评分与术前HADS评分有明显相关性(r=0.634,P=0.01);其余时点VAS评分与术前HADS评分无明显相关性。H组术后排气时间明显长于L组(P0.05)。两组术后恶心、呕吐、头晕、肩背部疼痛的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论妇科腹腔镜手术患者术前焦虑状态影响术后6 h疼痛评分,二者呈正相关;同时影响术后排气时间。     

术前焦虑对腹腔镜下子宫切除患者术后疼痛及阿片类药物用量的影响

目的评价术前焦虑状态对腹腔镜下子宫切除患者术后疼痛及围手术期阿片类药物用量的影响。方法选择南方医科大学珠江医院妇产科2014年11月~2015年8月择期行腹腔镜下子宫切除术患者40例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,术前1d行状态焦虑量表(SAI)评估。按照SAI评分将患者分为低焦虑组(L组,SAI≤37,n=18)和高焦虑组(H组,SAI37,n=22)。记录患者麻醉时间、术中瑞芬太尼用量、从停用瑞芬太尼到首次给予舒芬太尼的时间(首剂时间);记录术后1h(T_1)、2h(T_2)、4h(T_3)、6h(T_4)、24h(T_5)及48h(T_6)患者舒芬太尼用量、PCIA按压次数、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和术后48h内不良反应的发生情况。结果术后各时点H组舒芬太尼用量明显大于L组(P0.05);H组舒芬太尼首剂时间[(9.1±6.5)min]明显短于L组[(15.8±11.9)min](P0.05);术后各时点两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义;T_5时H组PCIA按压次数明显多于L组(P0.05);术后48h内两组恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义,且均无呼吸抑制、皮肤瘙痒及尿潴留发生。结论术前高焦虑状态可增加术后疼痛感知,术后需要更多的阿片类药物。     

超声引导下腰椎小关节阻滞缓解经皮椎体后凸成形术术后残余疼痛

目的观察超声引导下腰椎小关节阻滞对缓解经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术后残余疼痛的可行性及有效性。方法 PKP术后残余腰部疼痛患者26例,随机分为试验组(n=16)和对照组(n=10)。试验组根据患者不同压痛点选择相应小关节在超声引导下注射镇痛复合液2.0ml;对照组注射等量生理盐水。于手术前、手术后10min、1天及2周对2组患者进行疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)疼痛评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分,观察患者术后10min、第1天及术后2周疼痛缓解率。结果试验组与对照组术前VAS、ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。试验组术后10min、1天及2周VAS、ODI评分均低于术前(P均0.05)。对照组各时点VAS及ODI评分与术前差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。试验组术后10min、1天及2周疼痛缓解率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。2组患者均未见明显注射相关并发症。结论腰椎小关节注射可有效缓解患者PKP术后残余疼痛,在PKP术后残余腰痛的诊断及治疗中有良好的应用前景。     

星状神经节阻滞对腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者术后睡眠质量和恶心呕吐的影响

目的 观察超声引导下右侧星状神经节阻滞（SGB）对腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者术后睡眠质量和恶心呕吐（PONV）的影响。
方法 选择择期行腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者98例,年龄42～74岁,BMI 19～25 kg/m ²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组：全身麻醉联合SGB组（S组）和全身麻醉组（GA组）,每组49例。S组于麻醉诱导前在超声引导下行右侧SGB,注入 0.2%罗哌卡因5 ml,GA组不行SGB。两组采用相同的全身麻醉方法和麻醉药物。记录术前1 d、手术当日、术后1 d的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）。记录术后24 h PONV分级和止吐药补救情况。记录术后24 h活动时VAS疼痛评分、镇痛药补救情况、术后首次下床活动时间和术后住院时间。记录局麻药中毒、全脊髓麻醉、气胸、臂丛神经阻滞等SGB相关并发症发生情况。
结果 与GA组比较,S组手术当日、术后1 d PSQI评分、POSD发生率明显降低（P＜0.05）,PONV 0级、1级发生率明显升高,PONV 2级、3级、4级发生率、止吐药补救率明显降低（P＜0.05）,术后24 h活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低（P＜0.05）,术后首次下床活动时间明显缩短（P＜0.05）。两组补救镇痛情况、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。S组无一例出现局麻药中毒、全脊髓麻醉、气胸、臂丛神经阻滞等SGB相关并发症。
结论 右侧星状神经节阻滞可有效改善腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者的术后睡眠质量,降低术后恶心呕吐的发生率及严重程度,减轻术后疼痛。     

超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞对乳房假体植入术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导下前锯肌平面(serratus anterior plane, SAP)阻滞对乳房假体植入术患者术后疼痛的影响。方法选择拟全麻下行双侧乳房假体植入术女性患者50例,年龄18～40岁,BMI 18～24 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为神经阻滞组(N组)和对照组(C组),每组25例。在常规麻醉诱导前,N组行超声引导下双侧SAP阻滞,每侧注射0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml;C组每侧SAP注射生理盐水20 ml。记录患者术后2、6、12和24 h静息状态下VAS评分、围术期阿片类药物用量、PCIA泵有效按压次数、补救镇痛次数;记录不良反应发生情况和患者满意度。结果与C组比较,N组术后2、6、12和24 h VAS评分明显降低,术中瑞芬太尼用量和术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量明显降低,术后PCIA泵有效按压次数和补救镇痛次数明显减少,患者满意度明显提高(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞可减轻乳房假体植入术患者术后疼痛。     

Transversus abdominis plane block using a short-acting local anesthetic reduces pain and opioid consumption after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis

BackgroundTransversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a form of regional anesthesia that has been increasingly employed in minimally invasive surgery. The data regarding its use in laparoscopic bariatric surgery, however, are still limited and at times controversial.ObjectivesThe aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of TAP block after laparoscopic bariatric surgery.SettingSoba University Hospital, Sudan.MaterialsA systematic search was conducted through the Embase, Cochrane Collaboration, and PubMed databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of TAP block in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. Primary endpoints were late (24 hr) pain scores at rest and on movement. Secondary endpoints included early (0–3 hr) pain scores at rest and on movement, opioid consumption, time to ambulation, length of hospital stay, and adverse events.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria, with 404 patients in the TAP block groups and 413 patients in the control groups. TAP block was associated with significantly improved late pain scores (at rest, standardized mean difference [SMD] −.95, P < .001; on movement, SMD −1.04, P = .01) and early pain scores (at rest, SMD −1.81, P < .001; on movement, SMD −1.80, P < .001), reduced postoperative opioid consumption at 24 hours (SMD −2.23 mg intravenous morphine, P < .001), a shorter time to ambulation (SMD −1.07 hours, P < .001), and reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR .20, P = .01). No significant difference was noted regarding length of hospital stay (P = .70). Postoperative TAP block administration resulted in greater effects on opioid consumption at 24 hours compared with preoperative block administration. Finally, none of the studies reported any adverse effect of local anesthetic.ConclusionGiven the significant effect on early and late postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and postoperative recovery and the low risk profile, TAP block using a short-acting anesthetic should be encouraged in routine practice in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.     

全麻联合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞在胸-腹腔镜食管癌根治术中的应用

目的评估全麻联合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞(ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block,USG-PVB)在胸-腹腔镜食管癌根治术(thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy,TLE)中的应用效果。方法选择择期行TLE的患者48例,男40例,女8例,年龄52~72岁,BMI15.1~26.2kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:全麻联合USG-PVB组(P组)和全麻组(G组),每组24例。两组全麻方法相同,P组于全麻诱导前行椎旁神经阻滞(paravertebral nerve block,PVB)。记录术中麻醉药物、血管活性药物和PACU药物用量;记录拔管时间、PACU停留时间、苏醒期躁动情况;记录苏醒时、出PACU时及术后1、2、3、5d静息和咳嗽时VAS评分;测试患者术前1d和术后7d简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分;记录术后住院时间和术后7dPOCD发生率。结果与G组比较,P组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼用量明显减少,去氧肾上腺素用量明显增多(P0.05);拔管时间明显缩短,苏醒期躁动发生率明显降低,PACU舒芬太尼用量明显减少,PACU停留时间和术后住院时间明显缩短(P0.01或P0.05);苏醒时、出PACU时和术后1、2、5d静息和咳嗽时VAS评分、术后3d咳嗽时VAS评分均明显降低(P0.01或P0.05)。术后7d两组POCD发生率差异无统计学意义。结论全麻联合USG-PVB可减少围术期镇痛药物用量,减轻患者术后早期疼痛及躁动,缩短住院时间,有利于患者术后快速康复。     

麻醉前肌注咪唑安定对颈丛神经阻滞时应激反应的影响

目的研究颈丛神经阻滞前肌注咪唑安定对应激反应的影响。方法 60例颈丛神经阻滞女性患者均分为两组:A组于入室后肌注咪唑安定0.08mg/kg,B组不用任何药物。两组于入室后20min均行一针法双侧颈浅丛和单侧颈深丛神经阻滞,局麻药用1%利多卡因加0.25%罗哌卡因混合液20ml。观察两组入室前(T0)、颈丛神经阻滞前(T1)、颈丛神经阻滞后5min(T2)、15min(T3)、25min(T4)SBP、DBP、HR、SBP与HR的乘积(RPP),并检测血糖(Glu)、皮质醇(Cor)及血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)。结果 B组T1～T4时各项检测指标均明显高于T0时(P0.05),A组T1～T4时各项检测指标均明显低于B组(P0.05)。结论颈丛神经阻滞前肌注咪唑安定有利于抑制颈丛神经阻滞麻醉后的应激反应。     

前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞用于胸腔镜手术患者术后镇痛效果的比较

目的比较前锯肌平面阻滞与胸椎旁神经阻滞用于胸腔镜手术患者术后的镇痛效果。方法选择择期行胸腔镜手术患者60例,男38例,女22例,年龄18～65岁,BMI 18～25kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为前锯肌平面阻滞组(S组)和胸椎旁阻滞组(T组),每组30例。两组患者均采用支气管插管静脉全身麻醉,术后采用PCIA。S组于麻醉诱导前行超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞,T组则行超声引导下胸椎旁阻滞,两组均使用0.4%罗哌卡因30ml,阻滞完成后30min使用针刺法测定并记录感觉阻滞平面;记录阻滞操作时间、起效时间、持续时间;记录术后2、4、8、12、24、48h的静息和咳嗽VAS评分;记录首次按压镇痛泵时间、术后48h内镇痛泵有效按压次数、舒芬太尼使用总量和哌替啶补救性镇痛例数;记录阻滞相关并发症、镇痛不良反应发生情况。结果与T组比较,S组阻滞操作时间明显缩短,阻滞持续时间明显延长(P0.01);S组术后12h静息时和咳嗽时VAS评分明显降低(P0.01),S组PCIA首次按压时间明显延长,S组PCIA 48h内按压次数、舒芬太尼使用量明显减少(P0.01),两组气胸、恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞或胸椎旁阻滞均可为胸腔镜手术患者提供良好术后镇痛,但前锯肌平面阻滞较胸椎旁阻滞作用更持久、操作时间更短、并发症更少,且能有效减少患者术后对阿片类药物的需求量。     

Prospective randomized trial of paravertebral block for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery

Background

The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effect of regional anesthesia using paravertebral block (PVB) on postoperative pain after breast surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing unilateral breast surgery without reconstruction were randomized to general anesthesia (GA) only or PVB with GA and pain scores assessed.

Results

Eighty patients were randomized (41 to GA and 39 to PVB with GA). Operative times were not significantly different between groups. Pain scores were lower after PVB compared to GA at 1 hour (1 vs 3, P = .006) and 3 hours (0 vs 2, P = .001) but not at later time points. The overall worst pain experienced was lower with PVB (3 vs 5, P = .02). More patients were pain-free in the PVB group at 1 hour (44% vs 17%, P = .014) and 3 hours (54% vs 17%, P = .005) postoperatively.

Conclusions

PVB significantly decreases postoperative pain up to 3 hours after breast cancer surgery.     

椎板后路阻滞对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的观察椎板后路阻滞(retrolaminar block, RLB)对腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后镇痛效果及术后早期恢复的影响。方法腹腔镜肾切除术患者60例,男31例,女29例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组30例:RLB组(R组)与局部浸润组(L组)。R组于全麻诱导后在超声引导下于术侧行RLB,L组于手术结束时行局部浸润麻醉,两组局麻药皆采用0.4%罗哌卡因30 ml。两组术中均行静-吸复合麻醉,术后行舒芬太尼PCIA。记录术后拔管时间、PACU停留时间、镇痛泵有效按压次数和首次下床活动时间。结果 L组拔管时间、PACU停留时间明显长于R组(P0.05),术后24、48 h L组镇痛泵有效按压次数明显多于R组(P0.05),首次下床活动时间明显长于R组(P0.05)。结论与局部浸润比较,椎板后路阻滞可为腹腔镜肾切除术患者提供有效术后镇痛,并有利于术后恢复。     

前锯肌平面阻滞对心肺转流下胸腔镜心脏手术患者应激反应和术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对心肺转流(CPB)下胸腔镜心脏手术患者应激反应和术后镇痛的影响。方法 选择2018年1月至2019年3月行CPB下胸腔镜心脏手术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASAⅢ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组：SAPB组(S组)和对照组(C组),每组20例。S组于麻醉诱导前行超声引导下SAPB,在前锯肌表面缓慢注射0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml, 30 min后测定阻滞效果,满意后实施全凭静脉麻醉。C组不做处理。两组采用相同的全凭静脉麻醉方法,术毕均行静脉自控镇痛。分别于麻醉诱导前(T₁)、CPB前(T₂)、CPB结束时(T₃)、手术结束时(T₄)、手术结束后24 h(T₅)抽取静脉血,测血浆皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、血糖(Glu)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的浓度。记录术中及术后24 h舒芬太尼的用量、苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、心胸外科重症监护室...