部分甲基质切除甲沟重建治疗嵌甲

目的研究1种利用甲侧襞皮瓣改变甲体与甲沟的位置结构,从而彻底治愈嵌甲的手术方法。方法切除部分甲体、甲床,并利用甲侧襞皮瓣重建甲床、甲沟、甲侧襞联合结构。结果2000年1月～2003年5月对158 例嵌甲患者,足趾209、手指3,共276侧嵌甲进行甲沟重建手术。随访6月～2年,效果满意。结论该手术从根本上治愈嵌甲,且并发症少,复发率极低。     

甲沟重建联合甲内卷矫正术治疗重度嵌甲型甲沟炎48例

目的:评价甲沟重建联合甲内卷矫正术治疗嵌甲型甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2019年12月至2021年10月在我科就诊的重度嵌甲型甲沟炎患者48例，均采用甲沟重建联合甲内卷矫正术治疗。手术要点：(1)楔形切除增生的肉芽组织缩小甲襞，通过新的缝合方法使甲襞侧组织与甲床同一水平，构建正常甲沟；(2)橡胶片固定在甲缘下以钝化甲边缘；(3)用橡皮筋牵拉甲缘下橡胶片以抬高甲侧缘以纠正甲内卷畸形。结果:48例患者(81个拇趾)全部治愈，甲形态正常且美观，随访6个月无复发。结论:甲沟重建联合甲内卷矫正术疗效好。     

A simple and practical method in treatment of ingrown nails: splinting by flexible tube

BACKGROUND: The ingrown nail (or onychocryptosis) is a common problem that occurs mostly in the big toe and causes high amounts of morbidity in affected patients. Many therapeutic methods have been described, most of them leading to severe damage to the nail or to frequent relapses. The nail splinting technique is a successful, simple and non-invasive therapeutic method for treating ingrown nails. OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of the plastic tube insertion technique in patients with ingrown toenail and its use as a standard treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We encountered 32 cases (age range 9-67 years) of ingrown toenails in this clinical trial. All of the patients were treated using the plastic nail tube insertion technique for 7 to 15 days. Patients were examined daily for the first 3 days of treatment and were evaluated 3 and 6 months after treatment. All patients were followed up by a single observer. RESULTS: Recurrence was seen in only two patients after 6 months of treatment (6.25%). CONCLUSION: The low recurrence rate using the nail splinting technique in the treatment of ingrown toenail, as well as its simple application, shows that this treatment constitutes an effective, non-invasive method. It appears that this technique can substitute other more invasive surgical methods, particularly in the early stages of this disease.     

拔甲联合甲旁真皮-脂肪瓣填塞术治疗7例双侧重度卷曲型嵌甲

【摘要】 目的 探讨拔甲联合甲旁真皮-脂肪瓣填塞术治疗双侧重度卷曲型嵌甲的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月就诊的7例双侧重度卷曲型嵌甲患者的临床资料,男3例,女4例,年龄25 ~ 49岁,平均35岁。采用拔甲联合甲旁真皮-脂肪瓣填塞术进行门诊手术治疗。结果 7例患者术后切口均为一期愈合,无感染。术后1~ 2周疼痛全部缓解。随访12 ~ 24个月,新生甲板均长出,无卷曲畸形,甲沟无红肿,无甲沟炎复发,患者均对疗效满意。结论 拔甲联合甲旁真皮-脂肪瓣填塞术治疗双侧重度卷曲型嵌甲临床效果良好。     

Using 80% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of ingrown toenails

BACKGROUND

Ingrown nails are a very common problem. There are different stages of disease and diverse therapeutic options. Phenol and sodium hydroxide are commonly used agents for chemical matricectomy but both frequently entail excessive healing times.

OBJECTIVE

This prospective study aimed mainly to evaluate the efficacy of partial nail avulsion and selective chemical cauterization of the matrix using 80% TCA in the treatment of the ingrowing nail.

METHODS

One-hundred-and-thirty-three patients with 197 ingrown toenails were included in this study. Preoperatively, we tried to find predisposing factors to the disease. In the postoperative period, patients were evaluated for potential complications at days 3, 30, 180, 270 and 360. Pain was measured before surgery, as well as 24 hours and 72 hours after surgery.

RESULTS

There were only 3 cases (out of 197) of ingrown nail recurrence. Preoperatively, we found the presence of drainage in 82% of patients, which, following the first visit after surgery, was reduced to 19%. Persistent granulation tissue was found in 3% of the patients (versus 75% prior to surgery). The most frequent predisposing factors for the ingrown nail were excessive trimming of the lateral nail plate (63%), plantar hyperhidrosis (58%) and heavy nail folds (39%). Pain was substantially reduced after surgery.

CONCLUSION

It is assumed that chemical procedures for the ingrown toenail are associated with delayed healing times but our results demonstrated quick recovery. Using 80% TCA for selective matricectomy in the ingrown toenail is an effective, quick and easy method.     

Treatment of ingrown nail with a special device composed of shape‐memory alloy

Ingrown nail is a common nail problem resulting in pain and disability in daily life. Recently, a new treatment modality for an ingrown nail was reported that used a device composed of shape‐memory alloy, K‐D. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy, recurrence rate and complications of K‐D. Between June 2010 and September 2012, 24 patients (31 nails) underwent treatment of symptomatic incurved nails with a K‐D. Patients were evaluated at pretreatment and during every visit. The mean age of the patients involved was 43.4 years. The mean period of follow up was 161 days. The mean maintenance period was 41 days. The right first toenail was the most common site. Almost ingrown nails healed and the nail deformity was corrected after the procedure. Among the 31 nails, seven of the ingrown nails recurred during follow up (22.6% recurrence rate). The recurrence rate of the patients with stage 1, 2 and 3 ingrown nails was 22.2%, 33.3% and 14.2%, respectively. The majority of patients were very satisfied. There were no side‐effects in most patients except loss of nail in one patient. K‐D has some advantages such as simple application steps, no deformity after the procedure, high patient satisfaction and obvious effect compared to other non‐invasive and invasive methods.     

Congenital malalignment of the great toenails in dizygotic twins

Congenital malalignment of the great toenails is a nail disorder caused by the malalignment of the nail matrix, which results in lateral growth of the nail plate. It may cause onychogryphosis and, in infants and children, ingrown nails. We report an occurrence of this deformity in dizygotic twins.     

Ingrown Nails: A Comparison of the Nail Matrix Phenolization Method with the Elevation of the Nail Bed-Periosteal Flap Procedure

Seventy-five procedures were performed on 62 patients with ingrown nails from 1992 to 1996. Those consisted of 51 nail matrix phenolization methods (NMP) and 24 elevation of the nail bed-periosteal flap procedures (ENF). Ingrown nails were classified into type A (normal nail plate) and type B (incurved nail plate). The duration and intensity of postoperative pain were assessed, and the recurrence rate was monitered. The recurrence rate was 3.9% in the NMP group and 4.1% in the ENF group. Concerning the recurrence rate, there was no statistical significance between ENF and NMP in both types. Postoperative pain intensity was less in the NMP group than in the ENF group in both types (P<0.01). The same tendency was seen in postoperative pain duration. However, the NMP group had longer duration of wound healing compared with the ENF group in type A (P<0.01). We conclude that NMP is a recommendable treatment for most ingrown nails.     

钢丝支具在嵌甲型甲沟炎术后的应用

 目的:观察钢丝支具在重度嵌甲型甲沟炎术后复发治疗中的效果。方法:对32例接受手术治疗的重度嵌甲患者术后出现复发时应用钢丝支具治疗,治疗结束后采用医师总体评估 (PGA) 评分评价疗效,随访5~11个月观察复发率。 结果:32例患者中,有31例达到优秀。结论:钢丝支具绷甲对嵌甲术后复发患者疗效较好。     

Retronychia: report of two cases

Retronychia is an incomplete form of nail shedding that leads to embedding of the nail into the proximal nail fold and subsequent inflammation. Patients present with persistent paronychia in the setting of disrupted nail growth. Other nail changes may be present. Simple avulsion is curative, and unlike other forms of ingrown nails, it does not tend to recur. We report 2 cases of retronychia that were associated with distal onycholysis and subungual hematoma, respectively. Both were successfully treated with nail avulsion.     

Onychomatricoma: a tumor unknown to dermatologists

A sixty-one year old white female was referred to the Dermatology Department to treat an ingrown nail in the inner corner of the left hallux. Examination of the entire nail unit showed the presence of xanthonychia in the outer corner besides thickening and increase in the transverse curvature of the nail plate. Dermoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance of the free edge of the nail plate detected characteristic signs of onychomatricoma, a diagnosis that was later confirmed by anatomopathological exam.     

3种拔甲方法治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎疗效分析

目的探讨嵌甲性甲沟炎的有效治疗方法。方法回顾性分析110例嵌甲性甲沟炎患者的临床资料,A组30例采用全甲拔除术,B组40例采用部分拔甲术联合甲根刮除术,C组40例采用部分拔甲术,比较3组患者的临床疗效。结果 3组患者的愈合时间、治愈率和复发率比较,B组(4±2.57,89.13%和10.87%)和C组(4±1.58,90.91%和9.09%)均优于A组(8±2.38,66.67%和33.33%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),但是B组和C组的差异不显著(P均>0.05)。结论部分拔甲联合甲根刮除术和部分拔甲术的疗效优于全甲拔除术,且患者痛苦小,依从性好;而且部分拔甲术所需手术器械少,操作技术简单,值得临床选用。     

Nail changes during childhood

Nail changes occur frequently in adults, but are relatively rare in children. There are, however, certain nail changes that emerge particularly during childhood. Ingrown nails, onychoschizia, congenital slanted alignment of the large toenail, and psoriasiform nail dystrophies can be frequently observed in toddlers and in schoolchildren the syndrome of an ingrown nail, nail artifacts, periungual warts or fibromas, trachyonychia, and nail mycoses. Connatal nail changes can appear as isolated events or together with other symptoms whereas acquired nail changes are caused by infections, traumatic injuries, or tumors, in conjunction with skin diseases or general illnesses, or even develop spontaneously.     

Ingrown toenails

Ingrown toenails are common, especially in young patients. Several predisposing factors contribute to the formation of an irregular sharp edge (spicule) of the lateral nail plate that penetrates and injures the soft tissue of the lateral nail fold. Depending on the severity of the disease, treatment varies from simple disembedding of the spicule to phenolization of the lateral nail matrix. This article provides a step-by-step guide to the management of patients with ingrown toenails.     

Retronychia: a rare cause of chronic paronychia

Retronychia, described in 1999, is a rare entity of ingrown toenails. Embedding of the nail into the proximal nail fold (PNF) leads to chronic inflammatory changes. Herein, we report a new case that exhibited persistent paronychia in a 23-year-old woman. Retronychia usually does not recur once treated with avulsion. It should be suspected in the event of chronic proximal paronychia.     

Finger retronychias detected early by 3D ultrasound examination

Background A new pattern of ingrown nail, called retronychia is involved in the posterior translation of the whole nail unit producing paronychia. Objective To demonstrate an unusual case of paronychia that affected three of the fingers on the right hand. Methods We used 3D ultrasound to study the whole nail unit in the fingers of both the affected (right) and non affected (left) hand. Results Backward motion of the nail unit with decreased distance between the origin of the nail plates and the distal interphalangeal joint was clearly demonstrated by 3D ultrasound in the affected fingers. Conclusion 3D ultrasound provides non invasive and more understandable information about the physiopathological changes in retronychia.     

Treatment of ingrown nail: comparison of recurrence rates between the nail matrix phenolization classical technique and phenolization associated with nail matrix curettage - is the association necessary?

Some services in Brazil combine curettage of the nail matrix with phenolization in the treatment of ingrown nails, with the objective of further increasing efficacy. The objective of this research was to compare the cure rates between the phenolization technique and phenolization associated with nail matrix curettage. A retrospective study was done which included 271 cases. There was only a 5% recurrence rate for the phenolization procedure, compared with 7.7% for combined phenolization/nail matrix curettage. There was no statistically significant difference between the two techniques, which indicated that there is no need for curettage of the nail matrix. Phenolization worked even for level III disease.     

Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails

Congenital malalignment of the great toenails is a disorder in which malalignment of the nail matrix results in angular lateral nail plate growth. The consequence is onychodystrophy, which may progress to onychogryphosis and chronic ingrown toenails. There has been debate as to whether the condition is inherited or acquired in utero secondary to improper fetal positioning. A 6-year-old boy and his father, both of whom have this disorder, are discussed.     

Ingrown nails and pachyonychia of the great toes impair lower limb functions: improvement of limb dysfunction by medical foot care

Background Painful feet and lower limb dysfunction are risk factors for falling. Toenail deformities are common disorders in elderly people, but the relationship between nail deformities and lower limb function remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to assess the impairment of lower limb function in patients with deformities of the great toe and to determine whether foot care treatment is beneficial in reducing the risk of falling. Methods Functional tests of the lower extremities were performed in 263 adults, including patients with any of hallux valgus, ingrown nail, or pachyonychia, and volunteers. Fifty‐five subjects with nail disorders of the great toe received medical foot care treatment. Results The presence of ingrown nail, pachyonychia, or tenderness of the great toe was significantly correlated with impaired postural performance and reduced muscular strength as assessed by functional tests. Medical foot care markedly reduced pain levels in the great toe and improved scores on functional tests of the lower extremities. Conclusions Toenail disorders of the great toe cause dysfunction of the lower extremities and are likely to increase the risk of falling in daily life. Foot care management of toenail disorders has the potential to improve functional abilities in daily life, particularly in elderly individuals.     

棉条填塞联合甲襞楔形切除治疗嵌甲型甲沟炎疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨棉条填塞联合甲襞楔形切除治疗嵌甲型甲沟炎的临床效果。方法 将2017年8月至2019年4月宁夏医科大学总医院急诊科接诊的96例嵌甲型甲沟炎患者按照随机数字表法随机等分为对照组和治疗组,各48例,对照组采用Winograd术治疗,治疗组采用棉条填塞联合甲襞楔形切除术治疗。术后随访6 ~ 23个月。结果 术后6个月时治疗组患者治愈47例（97.92%）,对照组治愈41例（85.42%）,两组治愈率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 4.909,P < 0.05）。治疗组术后第3天和1个月时疼痛视觉模拟评分显著低于对照组（均P < 0.05）。治疗组术后复发率（0）和感染率（2.08%）,明显低于对照组（6.25%、12.5%）,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 棉条填塞联合甲襞楔形切除术式简单,疗效显著,术后复发率低,值得临床推广应用。