腭发育不同时期维甲酸对腭突细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究维甲酸对小鼠腭突融合期细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的影响。方法在SPF级C57BL/6J近交系母鼠妊娠10 d和12 d给予维甲酸（RA）建立小鼠腭裂模型,利用BrdU免疫组化方法和脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测胚胎15 d（即腭突融合期）小鼠腭突中细胞增殖及细胞凋亡的表达和分布。结果10 d给药组腭胚间充质细胞及腭中嵴上皮细胞中BrdU阳性细胞率和TUNEL阳性细胞率均低于对照组,12 d给药组和对照组BrdU阳性细胞率和TUNEL阳性细胞差异无统计学意义。结论维甲酸作用于腭发育的不同时期对腭突细胞增殖及凋亡水平有不同的影响,作用于腭突发生前期可引起腭间充质细胞增殖抑制、凋亡过度而发生腭裂,作用于腭突快速生长期可能影响腭中嵴上皮细胞的上皮间充质转化和迁移等其他转归形式。     

不同浓度地塞米松对小鼠腭胚突间充质细胞作用规律的研究

目的 研究细胞水平地塞米松(Dex)致腭裂畸形的生物学机制,筛选出影响腭胚突间充质(EPM)细胞生长的地塞米松最适浓度.方法 腭胚突问充质细胞进行原代培养,实验组细胞分别以1×l0-9、1×10-8、1×10-7和1×10-6mol·L-1地塞米松加以干预,MTT比色法检测各组细胞的增殖率,碘化丙啶(PI)染色观察各组...     

地塞米松对小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞增殖的影响

目的　探讨地塞米松对小鼠胚胎腭突间充质 (EPM )细胞增殖的影响。方法　在显微镜下解剖妊娠第 13d的鼠胚腭突 ,用 0 .2 5 %胰蛋白酶进行消化获得游离分散的EPM细胞 ,在DMEM培养基中进行培养 ,并采用反复贴壁法纯化EPM细胞。在培养基中加入 10 6M地塞米松 ,采用AgNOR染色、Feulgen染色及透射电子显微镜观察 ,检测地塞米松对EPM细胞增殖能力的影响。结果　地塞米松处理的EPM细胞银染颗粒数减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,核面积比及DNA合成能力下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,胞浆内线粒体数目减少 ,粗面内质网肿胀。结论　地塞米松对EPM细胞的增殖及生物合成有明显的抑制作用 ,影响腭突的正常发育 ,是腭裂发生的机制之一     

Folic acid rescue of ATRA‐induced cleft palate by restoring the TGF‐β signal and inhibiting apoptosis

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40 : 433–439 Background: Cleft palate is a frequent congenital malformation with a heterogeneous etiology, for which folic acid (FA) supplementation has a protective effect. To gain more insight into the molecular pathways affected by FA, TGF‐β signaling and apoptosis in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced cleft palate in organ culture were tested. Methods: C57BL/6J mice embryonic palates were explanted on embryonic day 14 and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with or without ATRA or FA for 72 h. The palatal fusion was examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TGFβ3/TGF receptor II and caspase 9 in MEPM cells. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. Results: Similar to development in vivo, palatal development and fusion were normal in control medium. ATRA inhibited palatal development and induced cleft palate, which can be rescued by FA. A higher apoptosis rate and caspase‐9 in MEPM cells were detected in the ATRA group than in the control or the ATRA + FA group. Compared with the control or the ATRA + FA group, ATRA had little effect on TGF‐β3 in MEPM cells but significantly inhibited TGF‐β receptor II. Conclusions: Folic acid can rescue the cultured palates to continue developing and fusing that were inhibited and resulted in cleft palate by ATRA. Apoptosis and TGFβ signaling in MEPM cells were involved in folic acid rescued ATRA‐induced cleft palate.     

骨形态发生蛋白受体2在维甲酸诱导腭裂小鼠胚胎腭突中的表达

目的 探讨全反式维甲酸（atRA）对小鼠胚胎腭突中骨形态发生蛋白受体 2（BMPR2）表达的影响。方法 通过 atRA灌胃的方法建立 atRA诱导的小鼠腭裂模型,取妊娠 15 d（GD15）和 17 d的（ GD17）的胚胎腭部进行苏木精-伊红染色,并用免疫组织化学及逆转录聚合酶链式反应技术检测 BMPR2在胚胎腭部的表达。结果 atRA诱导小鼠形成体积较小的畸形腭突和明显的中缝腭裂畸形。 BMPR2在GD15和GD17正常胚胎腭部有高水平的阳性表达,但在腭裂胚胎腭部的表达水平明显减弱。正常胚胎腭部 Bmpr2 mRNA在GD15和GD17的表达水平均明显高于腭裂胚胎（ P<0.05）。结论 atRA可导致小鼠胚胎腭突发育不良形成腭裂,并显著下调 BMPR2表达水平,从而影响腭部发育的正常分子调控过程。     

atRA对C57BL/6N小鼠腭突间充质细胞周期分布的影响及其作用机制

目的：在全反式维A酸（all-trans retinoic acid,atRA）诱导建立腭裂小鼠模型的基础上,检测胎鼠体内胚胎腭突间充质细胞的周期分布,并检测相关周期蛋白的变化情况,为进一步阐明维A酸（retinoic acid,RA）诱导腭裂机制提供新的线索。方法：以atRA建立C57BL/6N胎鼠腭裂模型,采用流式细胞术及免疫组化检测小鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞的周期分布,通过实时定量RT-PCR和Western印记法检测p21和pRb在胎鼠胚胎腭突间充质中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析和t检验。结果：流式细胞术及免疫组化检测发现,在小鼠妊娠日（gestation day,GD）第10天时给予atRA,可以诱导胎鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞在一定妊娠阶段出现G1期细胞周期阻滞,同时也使胎鼠胚胎腭突间充质内p21和pRb的表达水平出现改变。而妊娠第12天（GD12）时给予atRA则无此现象。结论：p21与pRb参与了GD10时给予atRA诱导组胎鼠胚胎腭突间充质细胞G1期阻滞的发生。     

Nasolabial shape and aesthetics in unilateral cleft lip and palate: an analysis of nasolabial shape using a mean 3D facial template

The aim of this study was to determine the amount of deviation in nasolabial shape in patients with a cleft compared with an average non-cleft face, and to assess whether this difference is related to nasolabial aesthetics. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images of 60 patients with a unilateral cleft were used. To quantify shape differences, four average non-cleft faces were constructed from stereophotogrammetric images of 141 girls and 60 boys. Three-dimensional shape differences were calculated between superimposed cleft faces and the average non-cleft face for the same sex and age group. Nasolabial aesthetics were rated with the modified Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Mean VAS scores ranged from 51.44 to 60.21 for clefts, with lower aesthetic ratings associated with increasing cleft severity. Shape differences were found between cleft faces and the average non-cleft face. No relationship was found for the VAS, age, and sex, except that a lower VAS was related to a higher nose and lip distance between the superimposed cleft and average non-cleft faces for nasal profile (P =  0.02), but the explained variance was low (R² = 0.066). In conclusion, except for nasal profile, nasolabial aesthetics were not influenced by the extent of shape differences from the average non-cleft face.     

基于可吸收生物膜的软腭后退腭裂修复方案及其临床应用

目的:为解决常规腭裂修复术存在的问题,利用组织引导再生技术的原理,设计基于膜引导的腭裂整复方案,为需要后退软腭的腭裂修复提供新的途径或方法。方法:使用聚-DL-乳酸制成厚0.5mm、有一定强度与韧性的可吸收生物膜。先行软腭成形术,然后剖开硬腭裂隙边缘,于口腔侧骨膜瓣与腭骨水平板间形成一间隙,将膜植于其中并固定,利用膜的引导再生特性与桥梁支架作用,引导两侧软组织向中线生长而关闭裂隙。选择3-10岁需行软腭后退的腭裂患者19例,于全麻下行软腭后退成形术及硬腭裂隙植膜的临床试验,临床追踪观察6个月,了解腭裂修复的临床效果。结果:该腭裂修复方案切实可行,全部患者均按设计方案实施了腭裂修复术,方法简单,操作容易。3个月后19例患者均获临床一期愈合,6个月时临床观察软腭形态佳,腭咽闭合良好,达到腭裂硬腭软组织缺损修复、保证软腭充分后退的目的。结论:基于膜引导组织再生技术的后退软腭的腭裂修复方案,是一个创新的腭裂修复方案,手术操作简单、实用,临床效果满意,为腭裂修复提供了新的途径及方法。