Comparison of effects of antibodies to S-100 protein and ouabain onHelix pomatia neurons

Laboratory of Functional Synaptology, Brain Institute, All-Union Mental Health Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Snezhnevskii.^*) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 393–395, October, 1988.     

Involvement of the serotoninergic system in the mechanism of action of ultralow dose antibodies to S-100 protein

The involvement of the serotoninergic system in the realization of anxiolytic and anti-depressant activities of antibodies to S-100 protein in ultralow doses is proven. Administration of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein in combination with serotoninergic agents (ketanserin and 5-hydroxytryptophan) reduced the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of antibodies. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 2007     

Involvement of the GABA-B system in the mechanism of action of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein

The involvement of the GABA-B neurotransmitter system in the realization of anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein is demonstrated. Simultaneous injection of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein and GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen reduced the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the drug, while GABA-B receptor antagonist faclofen stimulated the anxiolytic and reduced the antidepressant effect of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein. The effect of ultralow-dose antibodies to S-100 protein on the GABA-B-ergic system differs from that of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (diazepam) and tricyclic antidepressants (amitryptiline) not affecting this transmitter system. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 552–554, May, 2008     

Protective effect of low-doses of antibodies to S-100 protein on the formation of long-term sensitization in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helix lucorum</Emphasis>

Injection of antibodies to Ca-binding protein S-100 in a dilution of 10⁻¹² before the formation of long-term sensitization in Helix lucorum (10 min before the first electric shock) prevented the increase in defense reactions of pneumostome closure and ommatophore withdrawal. Thus, we demonstrated a protective effect of low-dose antibodies to S-100 on the formation of long-term sensitization as a neurobiological model of anxiety and depression. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 490–493, May, 2007     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in salivary gland neoplasms

A peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for S-100 protein has been applied to 68 salivary glands. These included 17 pleomorphic adenomas, seven adenoid cystic carcinomas, 23 adenolymphomas and a number of other neoplasms. In addition, five specimens of myoepithelial sialadenitis ('benign lymphoepithelial lesion') and five normal parotid glands were included. Consistent results were obtained, myoepithelial cells and cells in myxoid and chondroid areas in pleomorphic adenomas staining intensely. In adenoid cystic carcinoma, on the other hand, there was no staining. The adenolymphomas possessed intensely S-100 protein-positive cells in the interfollicular lymphoid areas; these were probably interdigitating reticulum cells. In addition, branching structures, probably corresponding to Langerhans' cells, were observed in the epithelium of adenolymphomas.     

Absence of S-100 protein in prostatic glands

In eight cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, two of which also contained well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma, staining for S-100 protein was negative. These findings support the view that the outer layer of cells in prostatic acini is not myoepithelial in nature.     

Effect of antibodies against S-100B antigen in ultralow doses on sucrose consumption during learning

We studied the effect of potentiated antibodies against S-100B antigen on 20% sucrose consumption by Wistar rats under conditions of free-choice drinking from the bowls with sucrose and water during presentation of an acoustic pre-nociceptive or neutral signal. Peroral administration of antibodies after training sessions increased the number and duration of contacts with sucrose solution. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 6, pp. 628–630, June, 2007     

Localization of S-100 protein in a Leydig and Sertoli cell tumour of testis

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour of testis presented some diagnostic difficulties. The tumour cells showed strong expression of S-100 antigen. Preliminary study of non-neoplastic testis suggests that Leydig cells and, to a lesser extent, Sertoli cells express S-100 antigen; its localization may be of value in the diagnosis of sex cord-stromal tumours of testis.     

Expression of S-100 protein in renal cell neoplasms

Polyclonal antibody to S-100 protein has been routinely applied for initial screening of various types of tumors, including, melanocytic tumors and neurogenic tumors. S-100 protein has been shown to have a broad distribution in human tissues, including renal tubules. The potential utility of S-100 protein in renal cell neoplasms has not been extensively investigated. Using an EnVision-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP; Dako, Carpinteria, Calif) kit, we evaluated the diagnostic value of S-100 protein on tissue microarray sections from 175 cases of renal epithelial neoplasm (145 primary renal neoplasms and 30 metastatic renal cell carcinomas) and 24 non-neoplastic renal tissues. Immunohistochemical stains for pancytokeratin, HMB-45, and Mart-1 were also performed. Western blot using the same antibody (anti-S-100 protein) was performed on 10 cases of renal cell neoplasm. The results demonstrated that nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern for S-100 protein was observed in 56 (69%) of 81 conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 10 (30%) of 33 papillary RCCs, 1 (6%) of 16 ChRCCs, and 13 (87%) of 15 oncocytomas. Among the 81 cases of CRCC, positivity for S-100 protein was seen in 41 (71%) of 58 and 15 (65%) of 23 cases with Furhman nuclear grade I/II and III/IV, respectively. Focal immunostaining was present in 22 (92%) of 24 normal renal tubules. Similar staining pattern was observed in 21 (70%) of 30 metastatic RCCs. Western blotting demonstrated the S-100 protein expression in both renal cell neoplasm and normal renal tissue. Overexpression of S-100 in oncocytomas compared with ChRCCs was confirmed by the data of Western blot and cDNA microarray analysis. Importantly, 14.8% (12/81) of clear cell RCC and 13.3% (4/30) of metastatic RCC revealed an immunostaining profile of pancytokeratin (-)/S-100 protein (+). These data indicate that caution should be taken in interpreting an unknown primary with S-100 positivity and cytokeratin negativity. In addition, it suggests that S-100 has a diagnostic value in differentiating oncocytoma from ChRCC.     

Immunocytochemical study of human lymphoid tissues with monoclonal antibodies against S-100 protein subunits

Summary The present study concerns the immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein and subunits in the cells of human lymphoreticular tissue and their related tumours. The subunit is mainly localized in dendritic cells, most likely the dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) located within the germinal centers, while the subunit is mainly localized in the interdigitating reticulum cells (IRCs) in the paracortical area and in Histiocytosis X cells. No immunoreactivity for either subunit was found in the majority of normal lymphocytes, macrophages, malignant lymphoma cells, or xanthoma cells.The DRCs and IRCs are generally considered to show different distribution in the lymphoid tissues and demonstrate some difference in their immunocytochemical and enzyme-histochemical features. It is suggested that S-100 subunits can be used as useful markers for these two types of dendritic cells and investigation of these subunits may provide more information for the study of human lymphoreticular system.     

Effects of antibodies against S-100 antigen in ultralow doses (Proproten-100) on acquisition of avoidance response in rats

We studied the effect of potentiated antibodies against S-100 antigen on learning of avoidance responses of 2 types. Peroral administration of antibodies promoted inhibition of locomotor activity and feeding behavior, which was associated with electrical pain stimulation. Our results indicate that the preparation in ultralow doses modulates the mechanism of memory formation.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 12, pp. 629–631, December, 2004This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

B16黑色素瘤组织中上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100蛋白的表达及意义

目的:探讨B16黑色素瘤小鼠体内上皮型钙黏附分子与S-100蛋白的表达在肿瘤侵袭及转移过程中发挥的作用。方法:C57纯系小鼠分为12d和25d肿瘤组和正常对照组。肿瘤组将B16黑色素瘤细胞人工植入C57小鼠背部皮下,制荷瘤鼠模型,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤病变中心区及交界区皮肤上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100的表达。结果:12d肿瘤组肿瘤组织中S-100蛋白表达的面密度和数密度明显增高,与正常对照组和25d肿瘤组比较差异有统计学意义;肿瘤组织中上皮型钙黏附分子表达的面密度和数密度较正常对照组明显降低。结论:上皮型钙黏附分子和S-100蛋白的异常表达在皮肤黑色素瘤的恶性进展过程中起重要作用,其表达程度可作为判断黑色素瘤恶性程度及预后的指标之一。     

Electroencephalographic effects of intracentral injection of antibodies against brain-specific S-100 antigen

The effects of intracentral injection of antibodies against brain-specific S-100 antigen (S-100 protein) were studied by an electroencephalographic method with estimation of the power of the EEG rhythms by analog computer. Intracerebral injections of antibodies against S-100 protein caused an increase in power of the principal EEG rhythms in the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and mesencephalic reticular formation, followed by the development of epileptiform activity in these same structures.Laboratory of Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Adaptation, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 158–160, August, 1977.     

S-100 protein is a differentiation marker in thyroid carcinoma of follicular cell origin: An immunohistochemical study

S-100 protein, a dimer of S-100α and S-100β subunits (S-100α and S-100β), is widely distributed in human tissue, and several papers describing S-100 protein expression in follicular cells of the thyroid have been published. in the present study, 105 cases of thyroid carcinoma (of which 96 were papillary, four follicular, two undifferentiated, and three meduilary) were analyzed immunohistochemically for the expression of S-100 protein, S-100α, S-100β, and thyroglobulin. in papillary carcinoma, 188 lesions were studled and classified into well differentiated types (56 papillary, 45 follicular) and poorly differentiated types (41 trabecular, four solid, eight squamoid, three tall, and one insular), because the histological structure of each tumor was heterogeneous. The percentage of lesions which expressed positively for 5–100 protein and S-100α, respectively, according to type were: papillary, 96 and 99%; foillcular, 96 and 100%; trabecular, 95 and 100%; solid, 50 and 50%; squamoid, 50 and 757%; and tall, 33 and 100%. The insular type was negative for both. For papillary carcinoma, well differentiated lesions showed stronger S-100α expression than poorly differentiated lesions. S-100α expression was weaker In follicular and undifferentiated carcinoma than in papillary carcinoma. Meduliary carcinoma also expressed S-100α. S-100β was positive in lesions that expressed S-100α strongly. Expression of S-100 protein and S-100α protein correlated with thyroglobulin synthesis in the follicular cells. It was concluded that S-100 protein, mainly S 100α. exists in thyroid follicular cells, that it exists In higher quantity in most of the well differentiated lesions but in lower quantity in poorly differentiated or Undifferentiated lesions, and that 5100 protein, especially S-100α, is a differentiation marker in carcinoma of thyroid follicular cell origin.     

Immunohistochemical study of neuron specific enolase and S-100 protein in Hirschsprung's disease

Summary The distribution of whole differentiated neurons in the intestines from 15 children with Hirschsprung's disease was investigated using neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the perineuronal elements were studied using S-100 protein immunostaining.In aganglionic segments, NSE immunoreactive ganglion cells and S-100 positive satellite cells were absent, but the hypertrophic nerve trunks did show a markedly positive NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity.Two different forms of aganglionic segment were present. One was the middle aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis which was almost completely dennervated. In the other type, there were several NSE positive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria of both the aganglionic segment of short segment aganglionosis and the distal aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis. These latter two aganglionic segments seemed to be innervated by extrinsic nerves.     

胚胎小肠S-100+树突状细胞的组织分布

目的：观察人胚胎小肠树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)的组织分布。方法：应用SABC免疫组织化学法对人胚胎小肠DC的出现时间、分布部位、形态以及数量等进行研究。结果：(1)人胚胎小肠各段S-100^ DC于第9～11W相继出现,主要分布于粘膜固有层,外形不规则,第24W以后,其突起相连逐渐在固有层形成网状结构。(2)回肠集合淋巴小结S-100^ DC以滤泡问区数量最多,其外形相对规则。结论：人胚胎小肠S-100^ DC主要分布于固有层,其数量随胎龄的增加而逐渐增加,而回肠集合淋巴小结S-100DC呈区域性分布,它们与固有层S-DC在形状、大小和数量上有所不同。     

Genetic Catalepsy and Ultralow Dose Antibodies to S-100B Antigen

We studied consumption of 20% sucrose solution by rats genetically predisposed to catalepsy (GC strain) during training. The consumption of sucrose solution by GC rats was lower in comparison to that in Wistar rats. “Potentiated” antibodies to S-100B antigen administered orally after training sessions increased the number and duration of subsequent contacts of rats with sucrose solution. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 12, pp. 679–681, December, 2008     

S-100 protein: a prognostic indicator in cutaneous malignant melanoma?

A series of 215 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma referred to a single department of clinical oncology between 1940 and 1969 was studied to assess the accuracy of the Breslow thickness and the role of S-100 protein in predicting the clinical prognosis. Histological examination of these tumours showed that although the Breslow thickness correlated well with prognosis, in a significant number of cases it did not reliably forecast clinical outcome. From this series, tissue from those patients who survived disease-free for more than 10 years and those who died within a year of diagnosis was stained immunohistochemically for S-100 protein. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, strong staining for S-100 protein was associated with improved survival (P less than 0.001). A marked increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma was noted during the period of the study.     

Neurospecific S-100 protein in synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex

A nonspecific S-100 protein was found in the composition of low-molecular-weight acid proteins from synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex by capillary microdisc electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel with 0.1% sodium dodecysulfate and with the aid of a highly purified marker protein. The S-100 protein accounted for 15–20% of the lowmolecular-weight acid synaptosomal proteins.Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Il'in). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 164–166, February, 1976.