保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳腺癌术后即刻乳房重建术

目的探讨乳腺癌患者行保留乳头乳晕的改良根治术后即刻扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房重建的效果。方法自2009年1月至2012年11月,对20例女性乳腺癌患者行保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术,术后即刻乳房重建,重建方式为应用扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣,术后评价其再造效果。结果20例患者手术成功,恢复良好,术后5例皮下积液,局部处理后愈合;患者均获随访6~38个月,形态良好,肿瘤均无局部复发。结论乳腺癌切除术后应用同侧扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣即刻乳房再造,可获得良好的乳房形态。     

乳腺癌根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造50例分析

目的探讨保留乳头、乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造的治疗及美容效果。方法收集2014年4月至2019年4月收治的50例乳腺癌患者临床资料,所有患者均采用保留乳头、乳晕(NSM)或保留皮肤(SSM)的乳腺癌改良根治术联合扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造,观察手术相关指标(手术时间、手术出血量及引流管留置时间)及术后并发症情况,并评价术后美容效果。结果50例患者均成功完成保留乳头、乳晕或保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造术,皮瓣存活率100%,乳腺组织切除量(200±50)g,手术时间(220±40)min,手术出血量(35±15)mL,胸部引流管留置(12±4)d,背部引流管留置(20±5)d。其中,2例患者术后1个月存在背部血清肿,经重新置管引流后消除;1例患者术后出现乳头部分缺血坏死,经换药后愈合;1例患者术后出现上肢活动受限,经功能锻炼后缓解。美容效果评价显示,再造乳房优良率92%。所有患者随访36~60个月(中位数48个月),均未见局部复发及远处转移。结论乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术适合亚洲女性的中、小型乳房,手术可操作性强,美容效果好,值得临床推广。     

保留乳头乳晕复合体乳癌术后即时扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造

目的:探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳腺癌改良根治术后行即时以扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣行乳房再造的安全性和手术技巧。方法:28例早期乳腺癌患者行保留乳头乳晕复合体乳腺癌改良根治术,术后即刻使用扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣再造乳房。术中改进:注意保护乳房皮肤的感觉神经、保留胸背神经及二级分支,采取皮瓣翻转法乳房塑型,行腋窝填塞和腋前皱襞的重建以及切取皮瓣的组织量大于切除的20%～50%腺体量等。结果:28例即时乳房再造全部获得成功。随访12～36个月,均生存,无局部复发,其中1例术后10个月骨转移,1例2年后肺转移;美学效果:优18例,良6例,一般2例,差2例;再造乳房皮肤的感觉、乳头的竖起功能存在,自然下垂,外形对称,腋窝饱满,患侧肢体运动范围较常规改良根治术明显增大。结论:对于选择合适的病例,保留乳头乳晕复合体的乳腺癌改良根治术后应用即时扩展型背阔肌肌皮瓣再造术安全、有效,术中几点合理的技术改进可以明显提高再造乳房的质量和自然度。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造46例分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造的方法 和疗效.方法 自2007年1月至2010年1月,对46例单侧乳腺癌改良根治术后患者采取即刻背阔肌皮瓣联合硅凝胶假体置入乳房再造术.结果 所有患者的切口均愈合良好,转移皮瓣全部成活,其中有2例背部积液,2例乳头乳晕部分坏死.经6个月至3年随访,全部患者无肿瘤局部复发或远处转移,再造乳房无包膜挛缩,外形满意.结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造操作简单易行,效果明显,安全性高,成活率高,外形良好,提高了乳腺癌患者术后的生活质量,值得临床应用.     

早中期乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术的临床效果

目的探讨早中期乳腺癌行保留乳头乳晕改良根治术后使用扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣I期乳房再造治疗的应用价值及临床效果。方法我院2009年11月至2012年10月期间收治的60例经临床穿刺活检病理明确诊断为早中期的乳腺癌患者按术式分为2组：乳房再造组（30例）,即保留乳头乳晕乳腺癌改良根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术;对照组（30例）,即行传统乳腺癌改良根治术。比较2组患者的术后并发症,近远期疗效,生活质量,复发转移情况。结果①对照组完全患侧乳房缺失;乳房再造组乳房再造术均获得成功,再造乳房美容效果评价优22例,良7例,一般1例。②2组患者术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死及患肢活动受限情况比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后切口拆线时间、术区引流时间、住院时间及术后化疗开始时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乳房再造组心理压力出现率及对第二性征不满意率明显低于对照组（P〈0．001）,乳房再造组社会交往适应率明显高于对照组（P〈0．001）。④2组患者随访12～38个月（平均25个月）,其中对照组有1例死亡,其余59例患者均未发现有局部复发和远处转移。结论从本组有限的数据初步看,乳腺癌根治术后离断背阔肌止点扩大肌皮瓣I期乳房再造术,可在根治肿瘤的基础上获得满意的乳房美容效果,使患者的生活质量明显提高,该术式术后并发症较少,不影响乳腺癌的术后辅助放化疗和近远期疗效。     

保留乳头乳晕复合体乳腺癌根治即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建

目的 探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的乳腺癌改良根治术即刻胸大肌包裹假体植入乳房重建的可行性.方法 对28例0、I、II期乳腺癌行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,即刻于胸大肌后方植入硅胶假体重建乳房,并根据冰冻切片结果决定是否保留NAC.结果 28例早期乳腺癌均保留了NAC,术后随访2～18个月(中位随访期:15个月),外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达96.5%;均无局部复发或远处转移,无明显术后并发症.结论 保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房重建,能达到满意的乳房美容效果,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法.     

保留乳房外形的乳腺手术的临床应用研究

目的:探讨利用背阔肌皮瓣、腹直肌肌皮瓣(r ect us abdomi ni s myocut aneous f l ap,TRAM),假体或者联合使用开展保留乳房外形的乳腺手术的手术适应证,方式选择,手术并发症。方法:2007年5月至2009年2月行背阔肌皮瓣,腹直肌皮瓣,假体,以及联合使用的保留乳房外形的乳腺手术21例。观察指标包括手术方式的选择,手术时间,术后并发症以及美学效果。结果:背阔肌皮瓣改良保乳术12例,平均时间289mi n;腹直肌皮瓣改良保乳术4例,平均时间393 mi n。利用腹直肌和背阔肌皮瓣修复乳癌术后胸壁巨大缺损1例。Paget病利用腹直肌和背阔肌皮瓣行乳房再造术1例。乳癌术后行游离腹直肌皮瓣乳房再造术1例。保留皮肤乳头乳晕全切术后背阔肌乳房再造术1例。乳房全切后乳房即刻再造术1例。再造乳房有2例失败,其余乳房存活良好,手术并发症少。结论:利用自体组织或者假体行改良保乳术或者乳房再造术,操作时间不长,术后并发症少,美学效果好,基本不影响患者的后期治疗。     

早期乳腺癌患者术后应用整形技术的临床观察

目的:观察并总结采用整形美容技术对早期乳腺癌患者进行手术治疗的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析2007年3月～2011年2月期间我院收治的86例术前分期为I～II期的乳腺癌患者,分别应用腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM)、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)、TRAM与DIEP联合皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣(LDF)加或不加假体、硅凝胶乳房假体、保留乳头乳晕复合体的方法对其中74例施行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者进行乳房整形手术,总结该74例患者的临床病例资料,对术后美容效果及远期预后进行评估。结果:患者均为女性,年龄分布35～68岁,平均(48.2±6.5)岁,中位年龄46岁。12例患者仅采用改良根治术治疗,74例应用乳房整形技术的患者中,采用腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM)进行乳房再造26例,腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)乳房再造术6例,TRAM与DIEP联合皮瓣行乳房再造术8例,背阔肌肌皮瓣(LDF)加或不加假体进行乳房再造20例,硅凝胶乳房假体进行乳房再造8例,保留乳头乳晕复合体进行乳房再造6例。不同整形技术对乳腺癌术后的恢复及并发症的发生率有影响,差异存在统计学意义,采用整形技术及单纯根治术治疗,乳腺癌术后恢复及并发症发生率的差异未发现统计学意义。术后随访10～16个月,未发现局部和区域肿瘤复发,无伤口、皮肤坏死和感染,未发现死亡病例,继续随访观察。结论:I、II期乳腺癌患者在行改良根治术后,应用乳房整形技术治疗是安全、有效的,腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术进行乳房美容的效果最好,乳房整形术术后并发症较传统单纯乳腺癌改良根治术发生率无明显变化,具有广阔的应用前景。     

乳腺切除术同时行乳房再造术11例报告

摘要：笔者应用带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣移植进行乳房再造术11例。全部病例的肌皮瓣及其中保留乳头3例均存活，无积液感染等并发症。再造乳房外形美观。提示乳癌根治术后，可用一期带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣移植进行乳房再造术。     

胸大肌包裹假体置入一期乳房重建在保留皮肤的乳癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术一期胸大肌包裹假体置入乳房重建的可行性。方法：对28例0、I、II期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同期于胸大肌后方置入硅胶假体重建乳房,并根据冰冻切片检查结果决定是否保留乳头乳晕复合体。结果：28例早期乳腺癌患者均保留了乳头乳晕复合体,术后随访2～18个月,外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达96.5%。所有病例均无局部复发或远处转移,无明显术后并发症。结论：保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行一期乳房重建,能达到满意的乳房美容效果,是治疗早期乳腺癌安全可行的方法。     

Improvement of upper extremity lymphedema after delayed breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap

Lymphedema is a common complication after mastectomy in breast cancer patients. Many treatment options are available, but no treatment results in a complete cure. We report a case of lymphedema that occurred after modified radical mastectomy in a breast cancer patient who showed objective improvement after delayed breast reconstruction with an latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. A 41-year-old female patient with left breast cancer had undergone modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and postoperative radiotherapy 12 years previously. Four years after surgery, lymphedema developed and increased in aggravation despite conservative treatment. Eight years after the first operation, the patient underwent delayed breast reconstruction using the extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap method. After reconstruction, the patient's lymphedema symptoms showed dramatic improvement by subjective measures including tissue softness and feeling of lightness, and by objective measures of about 7 mL per a week, resulting in near normal ranges of volume. At a postoperative follow-up after 3 years, no recurrence was observed. Delayed breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps may be helpful to patients with lymphedema after mastectomy. This may be a good option for patients who are worried about the possibility of the occurrence or aggravation of secondary lymphedema.     

Can Nipple-sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Modified Extended Latissimus Dorsi Muscular Flap Improve the Cosmetic and Functional Outcome among Patients with Breast Carcinoma?

Background Nipple–areola complex (NAC) preservation is a new revolution in breast cancer surgery and breast reconstruction, if reliability and safety are considered. The latissimus dorsi muscular flap is a versatile flap that is gaining renewed popularity for immediate breast reconstruction with development of modifications. We are introducing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for Egyptian patients with breast carcinoma and reporting our results with a new modification of the extended latissimus dorsi muscular flap. Methods Between July 2005 and August 2006; forty-one patients with stage I to III breast carcinoma had NSM and immediate breast reconstruction. We performed a new modification to the extended latissimus dorsi muscular flap that allowed us to obtain enough autologous tissue to reconstruct the breast without implant or back incision. The postoperative aesthetic results with specific view of the preserved NAC were evaluated. Results We applied both an objective and subjective aesthetic result to our monitoring. Aesthetic grading results of breast reconstruction were as follows: excellent in 31, good in 6, fair in 2, poor in 2. Both reconstructed breast and donor site complications were minor. Patients are followed for a median follow-up of 7.9 months (range: 4–11 months). In this short period of follow-up, no local recurrence or distant failure has been observed. Conclusions Nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction using modified extended latissimus dorsi muscular flap allows single-stage, totally autologous reconstruction with a satisfactory aesthetic result, low morbidity, and good quality of life.     

保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻假体乳房再造的效果

目的:探讨硅胶假体在保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造的效果。方法:2016年1月至2018年1月,湖南省郴州市第一人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科收治30例女性乳腺癌患者,年龄30~55岁,平均42岁;分为两组。观察组15例采用保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌改良根治术联合即刻假体乳房再造,对照组15例仅行乳腺癌改良根治术。比较...     

Immediate breast reconstruction by musculocutaneous flap]

Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy is now quite frequent. To achieve this, an implant, in a complete muscular pocket, or a myocutaneous flap (latissimus dorsi, TRAM flap) can be chosen. Since 1983, 49 immediate breast reconstructions (11% of IBR) were performed with a myocutaneous flap in the Gustave Roussy Institute. In our experience, these techniques were principally performed because of the failure of conservative treatment (70%). Immediate complications were more frequently observed after immediate breast reconstructions with a TRAM flap (partial or minimal flap necrosis: 33%, infection: 13.5%). Late complications were more frequent in reconstructions with a latissimus dorsi flap: the prostheses were the main reasons (contracture III/IV: 25%, infection: 18%, deflation of the implant: 12%). The best long term results were described with the TRAM flap, and we now prefer this technique for immediate reconstruction with a flap.     

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction by a New Modification of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap

Background  The introduction of skin-sparing mastectomy has revolutionized both breast cancer surgery and breast reconstruction. Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is a versatile flap that is gaining renewed popularity with the development of flap modifications and the continued recognition of its reliability and safety. We report our results with a new modification of the extended latissimus dorsi flap after skin-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods  From January 2002 to January 2006, 140 patients of breast carcinoma had unilateral skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. A total of 132 cases of invasive duct carcinoma and eight cases of invasive lobular carcinoma are included. Age ranged from 27 to 53 (median, 40.5) years. Tumor stage was stage I in 22 cases, stage II in 100 cases, and stage III in 18 cases. We performed a new modification to the standard extended latissimus dorsi flap, which allowed us to obtain enough autologous tissue to reconstruct the relatively large breast of the Egyptian women without implant. The postoperative aesthetic results and donor side morbidity, including contour deformity and scaring, were examined. Results  We applied both an objective and subjective aesthetic result monitoring. Aesthetic grading results of breast reconstruction were excellent in 85, good in 42, fair in ten and poor in three cases. Both flap and donor site complications were minor. Patients were followed for a median of 32.4 (range, 12-48) months. During this period of follow-up, no episode of local or distant failure was observed. Conclusions  Skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction using our new modification of extended latissimus dorsi flap allows single-stage, totally autologous reconstruction with satisfactory aesthetic results and low morbidity.     

背阔肌皮瓣联合假体在乳腺癌患者Ⅰ期乳房重建中的临床应用

目的介绍背阔肌皮瓣联合假体应用于乳腺癌患者Ⅰ期乳房重建的临床经验。方法回顾性分析14例应用背阔肌皮瓣联合假体行乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期乳房重建病例的临床资料,其中患者平均年龄44.2(20~54)岁,Ⅰ期乳腺癌4例,Ⅱa期8例,Ⅱb期2例。经背部和腋部切口分别为6例和8例。结果手术后无皮瓣坏死;无伤口感染;供区血清肿5例(35.7%),均经穿刺抽液治愈。平均随访32.6(4~58)月,2例患者接受了放射治疗未发现不良后果,患者对再造乳房形态非常满意8例,满意5例,一般1例,无不满意患者,乳房美学评价按照Ueda标准均6分,优良率为100%。结论对于选择性的乳腺癌患者,乳房切除后背阔肌皮瓣联合假体Ⅰ期乳房重建是一种并发症少、手术效果良好的乳房重建方法 。     

乳房再造术的临床研究

目的 回顾总结了乳癌根治术后应用单纯假体植入、Becker可扩张假体植入和带蒂腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM)移植、扩大的背阔肌肌皮瓣(ELDF)移植乳房再造术的经验,探讨手术的适应征、方法和效果.方法 16例行保留皮肤的乳癌根治术一期假体植入乳房再造;13例行Becker可扩张假体植入一期乳房再造;4例行单蒂下腹部横形腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM)移植乳房再造手术,其中2例为一期再造,另2例为二期再造.应用Becker可扩张假体行二期乳房再造1例.扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣(ELDF)移植二期乳房再造1例.结果 手术效果满意,优良率超过90%.3例病人出现轻微并发症,其中1例皮瓣局灶坏死,一例出现保留的乳头乳晕部分坏死,1例出现血清肿.结论 单纯假体植入适用于瘦小病人,对侧乳房小且没有明显下垂.优点是不增加额外瘢痕,术后恢复快;可扩张假体植入乳房再造适用于乳房大或改良乳癌根治术的患者,此法结合了单纯假体植入法和组织扩张术乳房再造术的优点;TRAM和ELDF皮瓣移植乳房再造的优点是自体组织移植,安全、手术效果好.     

乳腺癌改良根治术同期乳房重建的安全性和患者满意度评价

目的观察乳腺癌改良根治术同期行背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房重建的临床效果,评价患者满意度。方法选择病理确诊的乳腺癌患者22例(重建组),行腺癌改良根治术并同期行背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房重建术;匹配同龄、同学历、同TNM肿瘤分期的非乳房重建患者22例作对照(对照组),以Harris标准评价重建乳房的美容效果。随访3年,观察癌组织局部复发转移情况;对患者术后6个月、12个月、24个月和36个月的满意度进行评价。结果两组3年均无肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。乳房重建组优、良、一般分别为14例、5例和3例,患者满意度高于对照组(P0.05),时间因素和分组因素无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌改良根治术同期行背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房重建,不但保证了肿瘤治疗的效果,而且患者的形体美,满意度高。     

乳癌术后的乳房再造

目的 探索乳癌根治术后3种不同乳房再造方法的最佳外观效果.方法 (1)乳癌切除Ⅱ期行扩大背阔肌肌皮瓣乳房再造.(2)乳癌切除即时腹直肌横行皮瓣乳房再造.(3)保留胸大肌乳癌切除,Ⅱ期乳房假体置入并行乳头、乳晕再造;对不保留胸大肌乳癌切除者,Ⅱ期皮肤扩张后乳房假体置入再造.结果 共计治疗12例,10例皮瓣全部成活,外观形态满意,优良率较高.2例不满意,其中1例扩张后,因局部皮肤皮下组织较薄,扩张程度不足,勉强置入140 ml乳房假体,外观形态明显偏小;另1例腹直肌肌皮瓣大部分坏死,经再次修复创面愈合,乳房再造失败.结论 乳房再造的方法选择得当,可使乳房形态更为自然.普通背阔肌皮瓣改用扩大的背阔肌皮瓣后,软组织量比前者增加1倍以上,使再造乳房与对侧相近.假体置入乳房成形后,Ⅱ期行单蒂乳头、乳晕再造,可给患者以心理和外观上的更多抚慰.