外伤后顽固性癫痫手术治疗

目的 评价多种手术方法联合使用治疗外伤后顽固性癫痫的效果。方法 21例患者根据术前致痫灶的初步定位和术中皮质脑电及深部电极的监测结果，分别采用以下5种不同的术式：①瘢痕及周围皮质切除7例；②瘢痕及周围皮质切除 多软膜下横切术(MST)8例；③前颞叶、杏仁核一海马切除4例；④神经导航下选择性杏仁核-海马切除1例；⑤胼胝体前部切开 MST 皮质热灼1例。结果 术后随访3个月～10年，疗效满意的9例(43％)，显著改善的7例(33％)，良好的3例(14％)，效差的1例(5％)，无改善的1例(5％)。术后无死亡病例，有8例出现暂时性的功能障碍，但均在4周内恢复正常。结论 多种手术方法联合治疗外伤后顽固性癫痫安全有效。     

顽固性癫癎术中致癎灶定位和术式选择

目的:探讨术中在皮质和深部脑电图监测下顽固性癫癎的致癎灶定位及术式选择.方法:38例患者根据术前致癎灶的定位和术中皮质及深部电极的监测,分别采用不同的术式:①单纯致癎灶切除2例:②多软膜下横切术(MST)8例;③致癎灶切除 MST18例;④前颞叶、杏仁核-海马切除5例,神经导航下选择性杏仁核-海马切除1例;⑤胼胝体切开 MST 皮质热灼4例.结果:38例患者经3～30个月的随访,满意12例(31.6%),显著改善10例(26.3%),良好6例(15.8%),效差4例(10.5%),无改善6例(15.8).总有效率73.7%,治愈率达31.6%.无一例致残或死亡.结论:术中在皮质和深部脑电图检测下,对致癎灶准确的定位和采用不同的术式切除是治疗顽固性癫癎的有效途径.     

顽固性癫痫术中致痫灶定位和术式选择

目的：探讨术中在皮质和深部脑电图监测下顽固性癫痫的致痫灶定位及术式选择。方法：38例患者根据术前致痫灶的定位和术中皮质及深部电极的监测，分别采用不同的术式：①单纯致痫灶切除2例；②多软膜下横切术(MST)8例；③致痫灶切除 MST18例；④前颞叶、杏仁核-海马切除5例，神经导航下选择性杏仁核-海马切除1例；⑤胼胝体切开 MST 皮质热灼4例。结果：38例患者经3～30个月的随访，满意12例(31．6％)，显著改善10例(26．3％)，良好6例(15．8％)，效差4例(10．5％)，无改善6例(15．8)。总有效率73．7％，治愈率达31．6％。无一例致残或死亡。结论：术中在皮质和深部脑电图检测下，对致痫灶准确的定位和采用不同的术式切除是治疗顽固性癫痫的有效途径。     

23例顽固性颞叶癫痫的手术治疗效果分析

目的 探讨顽固性颞叶癫痫的外科治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析23例顽固性颞叶癫痫患者,术前进行全面评估,并进行病灶和致痫灶定位,术中在ECOG描记下5例行选择性杏仁核、海马切除,10例行病灶切除+标准前颞叶切除,8例行标准前颞叶切除+MST或热灼术.结果 本组23例无手术死亡及严重并发症,术后随访0.5～2年,Engel's效果分级:Ⅰ级18例(78%),Ⅱ级3例(13%),Ⅲ级2例(9%),暂时性运动性失语1例,暂时性轻度偏瘫1例.结论 在严格的术前综合评估、术中皮层和深部电极精确描记下,采用联合术式治疗顽固性颞叶癫痫能达到满意疗效.     

联合手术方法治疗顽固性癫痫的探讨

目的 研究将几种手术方式联合应用治疗顽固性癫痫的疗效。方法 新桥医院神经外科手术治疗癫痫123例，其中对50例顽固性癫痫病人在显微镜下采用几种术式结合的方法手术。16例行额颞开颅。额部过中线1cm，胼胝体前部切开 颞前叶 海马切除 额叶切除 多处软膜下横切术；10例行额颞枕开颅。萎缩皮质切除 颞叶切除 肼胝体前部切除 选择性海马切除 多处软膜下横切术；17例颞叶前部 海马切除 皮质多处软膜下横切；7例行颞叶切除 海马切除 选择性皮质多处软膜下横切。术后随访2-3年。结果 22例(44％)癫痫发作完全消失；18例(36％)癫痫发作显著减少，效果良好；7例(14％)疗效差；无明显改善3例(6％)，手术总有效率达80．0％。结论 选择适当的手术方式治疗顽固性癫痫，可以取得最佳的治疗效果。     

顽固性癫痫致痫灶的综合定位和外科治疗

目的探讨顽固性癫痫致痫灶定位方法和术式选择。方法综合运用神经影像学、脑电图和SPECT等方法,对23例顽固性癫痫患者进行致痫灶定位和外科手术治疗,并评价其疗效。结果23例患者中,致痫灶定位VEEG与ECoG一致者19例,占82.6%;MRI与ECoG一致者16例,占69.7%;SPECT与ECoG一致者5例,达100%。采用癫痫灶切除、前颞叶切除加杏仁核和大部分海马切除,低功率皮层热灼等多种术式联合治疗,经0.5~2.3年的随访,满意8例,显著改善7例,良好5例,效差3例,总有效率为87.0%。结论对于顽固性癫痫,多种检查方法联合应用能准确定位致痫灶,多种术式联合治疗可以取得良好效果。     

外伤性癫痫的手术治疗(附19例报告)

目的:探讨外伤性癫痫的致痫灶精确定位和手术方式的选择。方法:回顾性分析19外伤性癫痫患者的临床资料,术前均行神经电生理学和神经影像学检查,然后结合临床表现综合定位致痫灶。手术方式采用病灶及周围皮层切除术11例,致痫灶切除加低功率皮层热灼术4例,前颞叶切除加杏仁核和大部分海马切除术2例,胼胝体切开术2例。结果:经6个月至3年的随访,满意7例,显著改善5例,良好5例,效差2例,总有效率89.47%。结论:外科手术是治疗难治性外伤性癫痫的一种重要方法,其疗效取决于致痫灶的准确定位和多种手术方式的联合应用。     

顽固性颞叶癫痫手术治疗探讨

目的探讨顽固性颞叶癫痫的外科手术治疗特点与效果。方法回顾分析30例顽固性颞叶癫痫患者的临床资料,术前行病灶与致痫灶定位,术中15例行选择性杏仁核、海马切除,15例行病灶切除＋标准前颞叶切除。结果术后无严重并发症,随访1～2年,Engel＇sⅠ级21例（70%）,Ⅱ级6例（20%）,Ⅲ级2例（7%）,Ⅳ级1例（3%）。结论采用联合术式治疗顽固性颞叶癫痫能达到满意疗效。     

脑电监测联合术式治疗难治性癫痫的临床研究

目的探讨脑电监测下联合手术方式治疗难治性癫痫的方法及其疗效。方法对58例难治性癫痫患者,根据其临床发作类型、体征、EEG、VEEG、CT、MRI、SPECT、认知量表进行术前评估,分别应用以下6种手术方式：①病灶切除术＋变性脑组织切除术＋MST＋胼胝体切开术＋前颞叶切除术＋选择性海马杏仁核切除术＋颅狭征浮动骨瓣整复术1例。②病灶切除术＋变性组织切除术＋选择性胼胝体切开术＋MSTd例。③病灶切除术＋变性组织切除术＋前颞叶切除术＋海马杏仁核切除术＋MST15例。④病灶切除术＋变性组织切除术＋MST＋热灼术32例。⑤MST＋热灼术＋选择性胼胝体切开术5例。⑥MST＋热灼术＋双侧海马、杏仁核放射治疗术1例。结果随诊6个月-11年,根据1996年Engel疗效分级标准：Ⅰ级为26例、Ⅱ级为6例、Ⅲ级为20例、Ⅳ级为6例。Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级32例为临床治愈,Ⅲ级20例为好转,治愈率为55．2％,治愈好转率为89．7％。随访到31例患者智商与术前相比（t=2．706,P=0．011,P〈0．05）有不同程度改善。结论根据癫痫放电区域,联合应用多种手术方式给以外科干预,可以收到较好的效果,同时可以不同程度改善脑认知功能。     

难治性癫痫外科手术综合治疗的临床研究

目的探讨难治性癫痫外科手术治疗的有效性和安全性。方法对60例难治性癫痫采用癫痫灶切除与脑多处软膜下横切术（MST）；或广泛性双额叶MST加胼胝体前2／3切开术，前颢叶切除术和选择性杏仁核、海马切除术；局限性病变行癫痫灶切除加周边（叶）区MST的多种术式综合应用。结果60例难治性癫痫病人经手术治疗后，60例均得到有效控制，60例手术病人无一例发生死亡或严重并发症。结论难治性癫痫的多术式外科治疗不但能有效控制癫痫的发作，而且能最大可能地保护大脑皮层的神经元免遭破坏或切除，多种手术方式综合应用是治疗难治性癫痫切实可行的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.