Application of Coenzyme Q10 for Accelerating Soft Tissue Wound Healing after Tooth Extraction in Rats

Accelerating wound healing after tooth extraction is beneficial in dental treatment. Application of antioxidants, such as reduced coenzyme Q10 (rCoQ10), may promote wound healing after tooth extraction. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of rCoQ10 on wound healing after tooth extraction in rats. After maxillary first molars were extracted, male Fischer 344 rats (8 weeks old) (n = 27) received topical application of ointment containing 5% rCoQ10 (experimental group) or control ointment (control group) to the sockets for 3 or 8 days (n = 6–7/group). At 3 days after extraction, the experimental group showed higher collagen density and lower numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the upper part of socket, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Gene expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB were also lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). At 8 days after tooth extraction, there were no significant differences in collagen density, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bone fill between the groups. Our results suggest that topical application of rCoQ10 promotes wound healing in the soft tissue of the alveolar socket, but that rCoQ10 has a limited effect on bone remodeling in rats.     

Effect of tocopherol-monoglucoside (TMG), a water-soluble glycosylated derivate of vitamin E, on hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice

A preparation of alpha-tocopherol monoglucoside (TMG) administered i.p. at a dose of 600 mg/kg immediately after whole body gamma irradiation was examined for its radioprotective efficacy towards bone marrow and peripheral blood nucleated cells. When mice received X-rays at a dose of 5,6 Gy, a marked decrease in bone marrow karyocytes and a reduction of peripheral leukocytes within the early post-irradiated period were observed. However these changes were attenuated in TMG-treated mice. Significant protection of blood lymphocytes was found for the TMG group of mice. The return to normal value of the reduced blood leukocyte count starting from the 8th day was more rapid in TMG-treated mice than in untreated irradiated mice. TMG administration was found to enhance hematopoietic recovery, as measured by the exceeded nucleated bone marrow cell count due to elevated amount of both lymphoid and granulocytic elements in the TMG-group, in comparison with that of both control irradiated and non-irradiated animals. These findings indicate that the radioprotective effect of TMG is apparently realized through its influence on hematopoietic system.     

80例拔牙后出血原因分析及治疗体会

目的：探讨拔牙后出血常见原因有效处理方法。方法：对80例拔牙后出血患者原因及处理方法进行总结。结果：牙槽窝内残留炎性肉芽组织、血块保护不良及软组织撕裂是拔牙后出血的主要原因。缝合和填塞是有效处理方法。结论：术前严格掌握拔牙适应证和禁忌证,术中减少创伤,对疑有根尖肉芽组织,拔牙窝一定要搔刮彻底;有软组织损伤应当常规缝合;拔牙术后宣教等可基本避免拔牙后出血。     

Radioprotection of sensitive rat tissues by oligoelements Se, Zn, Mn plus Lachesis muta venom

In this study we first evaluated the general radioprotective efficacy of Se, Zn and Mn (4 μg/ml each) plus Lachesis muta venom (4 ng/ml) combination (O-LM) by determining survival on rats irradiated with lethal doses of gamma-rays. The aim of the second part of the study was to investigate the O-LM ability to prevent ionizing radiation-induced damage on small intestine, bone marrow and submandibular glands. Hence, histological characteristics and functional studies, together with proliferation and apoptotic marker levels on whole body irradiated rats with a 5 Gy dose were evaluated. Results show that all animals of the untreated group died after whole body irradiation with 8 and 10 Gy while 60 day-survival was more than 80% and 40% in O-LM-treated animals, respectively. Histopathological examinations revealed a high degree of small intestine and submandibular gland radioprotection 3 days post-irradiation. O-LM inhibited histological damage on small intestine, restoring the radiation-induced reduction in villous height and crypt number. O-LM prevented radiation-induced loss of salivary gland function and morphological alterations. These effects were associated to a complete inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, studies performed 30 days post-irradiation revealed that O-LM significantly improved bone marrow repopulation, increasing all medullar progenies to the extent of the non-irradiated animals, and completely prevented permanent submandibular gland alterations. Based on the present results and taking into account that O-LM is being safely administered in phase I clinical trial as an immunomodulator, we conclude that O-LM is a non-toxic promising approach to achieve radioprotection for patients undergoing radiotherapy.     

Supplementation of broccoli or Bifidobacterium longum–fermented broccoli suppresses serum lipid peroxidation and osteoclast differentiation on alveolar bone surface in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

High-cholesterol diet enhances osteoclastic activity on alveolar bone by increasing serum lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that supplementation with dietary antioxidants, such as found in broccoli and its fermented products, might suppress increases in serum lipid peroxidation, contributing to the inhibition of osteoclastic activity after high-cholesterol diet intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of broccoli and fermented broccoli consumption on serum lipid peroxidation and osteoclast differentiation in alveolar bone of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. In this 12-week study, rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6/group): a control group (fed regular diet) and 3 experimental groups (fed a high-cholesterol [1% wt/wt] diet, or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either broccoli powder [5% wt/wt] or Bifidobacterium longum–fermented broccoli powder [5% wt/wt]). Serum hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) levels were measured as a parameter of lipid peroxidation. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)–positive osteoclasts in alveolar bone was enumerated to evaluate osteoclast differentiation. When compared with regular diet, the high-cholesterol diet increased serum HEL levels and resulted in a higher number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at 12 weeks. The high-cholesterol diet supplemented with broccoli or B. longum–fermented broccoli showed lower levels of serum HEL and fewer TRAP-positive osteoclasts than the high-cholesterol diet at 12 weeks. In conclusion, consumption of broccoli, or its fermented product, inhibited the effects of a high-cholesterol diet on osteoclast differentiation in rat alveolar bone by suppressing serum lipid peroxidation.     

拔牙位点保留技术在口腔种植患者中的应用效果

目的探讨拔牙位点保留技术在口腔种植患者中的应用效果。方法选取2017年3月至2019年2月我院收治的108例口腔种植患者,随机分为两组各54例。对照组拔牙后进行常规处理,研究组拔牙后进行拔牙位点保留处理。比较两组患者的牙槽骨情况和满意度。结果治疗后3个月、 6个月,研究组的牙槽骨高度、宽度、密度均高于对照组(P <0.05);研究组的满意度为92.59%,高于对照组的75.93%(P <0.05)。结论拔牙位点保留技术可保护口腔种植患者残留的牙槽骨骨量,为后期牙齿修复提供良好条件,提高患者的满意度,值得临床推广。     

Multinucleated giant cell appearance after whole body microwave irradiation of rats.

Multinucleated giant cells are common for some chronic inflammatory processes in the lung. These cells are formed by fusion of macrophages, but how the process relates to the kinetics of alveolar macrophage generation is not clear. This study investigated the influence of 2450 MHz microwave irradiation on alveolar macrophage kinetics and formation of multinucleated giant cells after whole body irradiation of rats. The range of electromagnetic radiation was selected as 2450 MHz microwaves at a power density of 5-15 mW/cm2. A group of experimental animals was divided in four subgroups that received 2, 8, 13 and 22 irradiation treatments of two hours each. The animals were killed on experimental days 1, 8, 16, and 30. Free lung cell population was obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Cell response to the selected irradiation level was followed quantitatively, qualitatively and morphologically using standard laboratory methods. Total cell number retrieved by lavage slightly decreased in treated animals showing time- and dose-dependence. Cell viability did not significantly change in the irradiated animal group (G2) as compared with the control group (G1). Multinucleated cells significantly increased (p < 0.01) in treated animals. The elevation of the number of nuclei per cell was time- and dose-dependent. Macrophages with two nucleoli were more common in animals treated twice or eight times. Polynucleation, that is three and more nucleoli in a single cell, was frequently observed after 13 or 22 treatments. Binucleation and multinucleation of alveolar macrophages were sensitive time- and dose-dependent morphological indicators of pulmonary stress.     

低剂量~（12）C~（6＋）离子辐射诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞适应性反应实验研究

目的研究低剂量重离子辐射（LDR）对小鼠造血系统的适应性反应特征。方法对小鼠给予大剂量（2.0 Gy）12C＋6射线照射前预先采用0.050,0.075 Gy 12C＋6离子束全身照射,其中一批小鼠24 h处死,测定外周血指标、脏器系数、骨髓细胞微核率、骨髓DNA含量;第二批小鼠接受大剂量（2.0 Gy）全身辐照后观察其30 d存活情况。结果与大剂量直接照射组相比,0.050Gy低剂量照射组小鼠外周血白细胞明显升高,骨髓DNA含量升高,小鼠骨髓细胞的微核率降低（均P〈0.05~0.01）,其余指标无统计学差异。0.075 Gy低剂量照射后小鼠外周血白细胞与照射对照组比较有一定下降,其余指标无明显差异。结论低剂量碳离子束照射能拮抗大剂量照射后引起的骨髓细胞损伤,对造血组织产生适应性反应,对重离子治疗肿瘤及放射防护具有一定参考意义。     

吡咯喹啉醌对γ辐射小鼠防护作用的初步研究

目的 研究吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用。方法 将40只昆明小鼠随机分四组,即未照射组、单纯照射组、照射前给药组、照射后给药组。给药组小鼠口服PQQ剂量按体重计每天2mg/kg,连续给药7天。采用⁶⁰Coγ射线单次全身照射,剂量5Gy。于照射后第8天,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,收集血清、制备肝匀浆,进行各项生化指标测定。制作肝HE染色切片。结果 照射后小鼠血清及肝脏中SOD、T-AOC显著下降(P<0.05),MDA显著升高(P<0.05)。照射给药组小鼠血清SOD、T-AOC含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P<0.05);肝脏中SOD含量显著升高(P<0.05)。所有照射组小鼠肝组织都有肝板排列紊乱,出现肝细胞水肿,变性、坏死现象。结论 γ辐射引发小鼠全身性的氧化应激,肝脏是重要的辐射敏感器官。PQQ对γ辐射小鼠的防护作用机制是:PQQ能直接清除自由基,同时能调动照射小鼠的全身自由基清除系统,尤其是SOD的活性,降低自由基含量。     

Irradiation effect on osteoclastogenesis stimulated by breast cancer cells

To examine the effects of carbon ion and gamma ray irradiation on cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis, mouse calvaria MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with conditioned medium from irradiated and non-irradiated MCF7 human breast cancer cells. The authors examined RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells following treatment with conditioned MCF7 medium. Co-cultured MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow cells treated with conditioned medium from irradiated MCF7 cells showed decreased numbers of osteoclasts, assessed using TRAP staining. Conditioned medium from control MCF7 cells elevated the RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells; this effect was suppressed by carbon ion irradiation of the MCF7 cells. These data demonstrate that indirect interactions between breast cancer cells and MC3T3-E1 cells induce osteoclastogenesis in vitro through modulation of RANKL expression and that this process is suppressed by carbon ion irradiation.     

局部注射地塞米松减轻下颌智齿拔除后肿胀的疗效观察

目的观察局部注射地塞米松减轻下颌智齿拔除后肿胀的临床效果,为减轻下颌智齿拔除后肿胀提供可靠的治疗方法。方法对147例需拔除智慧齿的患者进行诊治,随机分为对照组77例和实验组70例,实验组予以术后拔牙创口周围局部注射地塞米松,对照组局部不注射地塞米松。拔牙后72 h门诊复诊,评估术后肿胀、张口受限及疼痛程度。结果实验组患者术后肿胀程度、张口受限以及疼痛情况均小于对照组,差别有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论局部注射地塞米松是减轻阻生智齿拔除术后肿胀的有效办法,且药价低廉,操作方法相对简单,值得临床推广应用。     

中西药物复方糊剂明胶海绵预防干槽症疗效观察

目的观察中西药物复方糊剂明胶海绵填塞牙槽窝预防干槽症的临床疗效。方法选择167例拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的患者,按就诊顺序随机分为试验A组56例,试验B组57例,对照组54例。试验A组采用中西药物复方糊剂加吸收性明胶海绵填塞牙槽;试验B组采用吸收性明胶海绵填塞牙槽窝;对照组常规拔牙后牙槽窝内不做药物填塞。按临床疗效和于槽症发生率进行统计学分析。结果试验A组干槽症发生率8．92％,试验B组于槽症发生率22．81％,对照组干槽症发生率24．07％,试验A组与后两者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论采用中西药物复方糊剂明胶海绵预防干槽症疗效满意。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质在修复前外科中的临床应用

目的评估异种脱细胞真皮基质在引导骨组织再生修复牙槽骨缺损中的作用。方法选择因牙周病、牙槽外伤等导致牙槽骨缺损严重、拔牙术后不能满意修复的患者16例,拔牙同期在拔牙窝植入Bio-oss骨粉并覆盖异种脱细胞真皮基质,术后2周拆线,3个月、9个月复诊。结果术后临床检查、X线检查,16例患者植骨区新骨形成良好,明显改善牙槽骨高度与丰满度。结论临床上异种脱细胞真皮基质的应用能有效地改善修复前的骨条件。     

牙拔除术后不同拔牙创处理对预防干槽症的比较

目的：探讨牙拔除术后不同拔牙创处理对干槽症的预防效果。方法：将拔牙病员随机分成A、B、C三组。A组拔牙创口常规咬压止血;B组拔牙创口予以缝合,咬压止血;C组拔牙创内置入蘸有樟脑酚的碘仿纱条咬压止血。结果：B组干槽症发生率为0,与其他各组比较有显著性差异P〈0.01。结论：＂缝合拔牙创＂能有效地防止拔牙创感染,是预防干槽症较为理想的方法。     

慢性应激对大鼠牙周炎的影响

目的:探讨慢性应激对大鼠牙周炎组织的影响,为临床治疗提供实验依据.方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、牙周炎组和慢性应激牙周炎组3组.通过结扎大鼠牙周方法制备牙周炎模型后第3日开始建立慢性应激牙周炎大鼠模型.通过旷场实验和皮质醇实验检测大鼠应激状态.分别观察大鼠牙槽骨组织学改变及牙周各项指标检测.结果:牙周炎组及慢性应激牙周炎组的组织学及X线片检查发现牙周炎症明显,牙槽骨呈骨质疏松状态.对照组牙周组织无病理性改变;对照组观测指标与牙周炎组、慢性应激牙周炎组差别非常显著;牙周炎组与慢性应激牙周炎组相比牙周袋深度、牙龈指数有显著性差异.结论:慢性应激牙周炎组大鼠牙周的破坏程度较牙周炎组大鼠的牙周破坏程度深,慢性应激可能是牙周病的危险因素之一.     

Bone maintenance: implant versus transplant.

Bone maintenance based on various attachment mechanisms is the key to tooth-root replacement safety and efficacy. The dental implant has broad applicability based on design, but demonstrates progressive peri-implant bone loss. The allogeneic tooth transplant, significantly less applicable because of size, is antigenic and rejected by bone-replacement root resorption. Since the predictability and survival times of these implant and transplant modalities are similar and there is less residual bone loss with the transplant, it is suggested that for clinical situations such as the fresh extraction socket, where there is room, the allotransplant, rather than implant, is the root-replacement of choice.     

Long-term effect of whole-body X-irradiation on cell-mediated immune reaction in mice

Age-related change in immunological activity was examined at 10 to 91 weeks following whole-body irradiation by determining the specific anti-tumor cell-mediated immunity in host mice induced and/or enhanced by local irradiation to transplanted tumor. Median survival time of the non-irradiated C3H/He female mice was 98.6 weeks while the median life-span of the mice exposed to two and four Gy of 250kVp X-rays at the age of 10-12 weeks was shortened by 14.9 and 23.4 weeks, respectively. The rate of tumor reduction within two weeks after local irradiation to tumor and the growth inhibitory activity of spleen cells from tumor irradiated mice were reduced in a dose-dependent manner when assessed 10 weeks after whole-body irradiation, but recovered to the near-complete level of the non-irradiated controls within a few months, then gradually decreased with normal aging. These results suggest that the age-dependent decline of this immunological activity appears earlier in the irradiated mice as a result of whole-body X-irradiation at a young age, suggesting accelerated aging of the immune system.     

Lycopene I--effect on osteoclasts: lycopene inhibits basal and parathyroid hormone-stimulated osteoclast formation and mineral resorption mediated by reactive oxygen species in rat bone marrow cultures

Osteoclasts have been shown to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can stimulate bone resorption. We explored the hypothesis that lycopene, the antioxidant carotenoid from tomatoes, can inhibit mineral resorption by inhibiting osteoclast formation and the production of ROS. Cells from bone marrow prepared from rat femur were plated into 16-well calcium phosphate-coated Osteologic Multi-test Slides and cultured in alpha-minimal essential medium supplemented with dexamethasone, beta-glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid. The cells were treated with varying doses of lycopene in the absence or presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) at the start of culture and at each medium change (i.e., every 48 hours). On day 8, mineral resorption pits were quantitated. Similar, parallel experiments were carried out in 12-well plastic dishes to assess tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Results showed that lycopene inhibited TRAP + formation of multinucleated cells in both vehicle- and PTH-treated cultures. Osteoclasts reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to purple-colored formazan, indicating the presence of ROS in these cells. The formazan-staining cells were decreased by treatment with 10(-5) M lycopene, indicating that lycopene inhibited the formation of ROS-secreting osteoclasts. In conclusion, we have shown that lycopene inhibits basal and PTH-stimulated osteoclastic mineral resorption and formation of TRAP + multinucleated osteoclasts, as well as the ROS produced by osteoclasts. These findings are novel and may be important in the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis.     

基质Gla蛋白对骨量的调节作用及其机制

目的 检测基质Gla蛋白（MGP）对小鼠骨量的影响,分析其作用机制。 方法 利用腺相关病毒干涉小鼠体内MGP基因表达,microCT扫描分析检测小鼠骨量,利用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色检测小鼠股骨破骨细胞的数目,利用ELISA检测骨转换标志物TRAP5b水平。 结果 与对照组相比,经过MGP干扰处理的小鼠骨体积分数显著降低,骨小梁数目和骨小梁厚度也显著减少,骨小梁间隔显著增高,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。小鼠股骨切片TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目增多,血清TRAP5b水平显著增加（P<0.01）。 结论 MGP可能通过抑制破骨细胞形成和骨吸收来维持骨量。     

不同方法处理拔牙创对减少拔牙后并发症的临床观察

目的：探究一种新的减少拔牙术后并发症的方法，比较三种不同方式处理拔牙创后对减少智齿拔除术后并发症的影响。方法：随机选择250例需要智齿拔除的患者，随机分成三组，A组是拔牙后在拔牙窝内置明胶海绵，B组是拔牙后在拔牙窝内置明胶海绵加氢氧化钙粉剂混合物，C组是拔牙后常规轻咬纱布，空白对照。分别对每组的患者进行术后并发症的随访及观察，时间以1周内为基点，观察处理后患者拔牙创有无出血、感染、干槽症。记录并进行统计分析。结果：B组较A组在预防术后并发症(出血、感染方面)具有明显的统计学意义（P<0.001）,A、B组在预防干槽症方面无明显差异（P>0.05），B组较C组在预防术后并发症（出血、感染、干槽症）具有明显的统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：在传统的明胶海绵基础上添加氢氧化钙粉剂对于预防术后出血、感染、干槽症具有较好效果，值得临床推广。