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1.
丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染是一个重要的全球健康问题,起病隐匿,慢性化程度高,是导致肝硬化和肝癌的最主要病因。直接抗病毒药物(direct acting antiviral agents, DAAs)较聚乙二醇干扰素α(pegylated interferon, peg IFN)联合利巴韦林(ribavirin, RBV)治疗方案可获得更高的持续病毒学应答(sustained virological response, SVR)率,并可缩短治疗时间,前景良好。DAAs 新药开发将成为未来抗HCV治疗研究的趋势。2009年,欧洲药物管理局(European Medicines Agency,EMA)颁布的《慢性丙型肝炎直接抗病毒药物治疗的临床评价指南》和2013年10月美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)新发布的《抗丙型肝炎病毒的直接抗病毒药物临床药物研究指南》为DAAs临床试验的有效性和安全性研究提供了指导性建议,如人群纳入、研究方案、研究设计、研究终点、药物安全性等,另外还对肝功能失代偿者、肝移植患者、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/HCV共同感染者等特殊人群的药物研究提出了特别要求,这些内容有助于指导DAAs临床试验设计  相似文献   

2.
丙型肝炎是由HCV引起的一种主要经血液传播的慢性进展性肝病.HCV感染发病隐匿,缺乏典型的症状和体征,且感染后60%-80%的患者可慢性化,其中约20%的患者在感染20-30年可进展为肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌,目前,聚乙二醇IFN(PegIFNa-2a)联合利巴韦林(RBV)仍是亚太地区HCV感染的标准治疗方案[1].而抗病毒治疗应答受多种因素影响,本文重点研究了PegIFNα-2a联合RBV治疗慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者临床与生化和心理指标等相关因素,旨在探讨持续病毒学应答率(SVR)的预后因素,为临床治疗决策提供指.  相似文献   

3.
近年来,HCV感染较为流行且与HIV感染者中的发病率与死亡率有关。本研究使用长效干扰素α-2a加利巴韦林或安慰剂及干扰素α-2a加利巴韦林联合应用治疗HIV感染的慢性丙型肝炎患者,并对其疗效及安全性进行了比较。  相似文献   

4.
已证实α-干扰素治疗成人慢性丙型肝炎有效,ALT复常率在40~70%,而且停止治疗后ALT正常者仍有10~30%,儿童丙型肝炎虽少见,也可考虑用抗病毒治疗。近期的一项非对照试验已显示α-干扰素治疗儿童慢性丙型肝炎6个月后(一疗程)有相当比例患儿ALT恢复正常,具有良好的耐受性。因此,作者进行了小规模的随机对照研究以评价重组α-干扰素12个月一疗程治疗儿童慢性丙型肝炎的效果。 1991年4月至1992年6月,对27例慢性丙型肝炎患儿(年龄2~14岁)进行研究。ALT异常6个月以上,治疗前1年内肝活检显示19例为慢性活动性肝炎,8例为慢性迁延性肝炎。HCV RNA阳性22例。随机对照试验分两组,治疗组14例,用重组α-2b干扰素5MU/m~2,每周3次,连用4个月,如ALT下降50%以上者治疗延续到12个月。对照组13例未用干扰素。  相似文献   

5.
作者对慢性丙型肝炎患者在α-干扰素(IFN-α)治疗前、治疗中和治疗后血清HCV核心蛋白检测的临床应用价值进行评价。 27例用IFN-α治疗的慢性丙型肝炎患者,男19例,女8例,年龄32~65(平均50.6)岁,均有血清抗-HCV和HCV RNA,且HBsAg和抗-HIV阴性。重组IFN-α2a以9MU剂量每天肌注1次共2周,继以每周3次共22周。开始治疗后对患者进行观察,并至少至治疗完成后24周。若(1)血清ALT浓度在治疗中恢复正常并在完成治疗后保持  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨普通干扰素联合利巴韦林优化方案治疗慢性丙型肝炎的疗效.方法:将 120 例基因 1b 型丙型肝炎患者分为普通干扰素优化方案组、普通干扰素标准方案组、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2α(PEG-IFNα-2α) 方案组,比较各组在治疗过程中快速病毒学应答 (RVR)、早期病毒学应答 (EVR)、治疗结束时病毒学应答 (ETVR)、持续病毒学应答 (SVR) 及丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 指标.结果:普通干扰素优化方案组、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2α方案组获得的 EVR、ETVR 及 SVR 均高于普通干扰素标准方案组.结论:根据慢性丙型肝炎治疗过程中的应答情况来调整干扰素用量的方案,可以提高干扰素的抗病毒疗效.  相似文献   

7.
为了更好地了解血清HCV重新出现和经常复发的基础,作者研究了α-干扰素(IFNα)治疗后作为HCV潜在贮存场所——肝脏的作用;检测治疗前肝组织的HCVRNA序列,并比较治疗前后的检测结果。这项随机多中心试验,用重组人IFNα-2b治疗21例慢性丙型肝炎患者。所有患  相似文献   

8.
据报道,大约15%~35%的慢性丙型肝炎患者用α干扰素治疗会出现长期效应,但大多数研究者仅以血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平作为疗效标志,而作者把血清HCV RNA的清除情况也作为衡量疗效的标准,因为在ALT正常患者的血清中常测得HCV RNA阳性。 1990~1992年期间,在瑞典各临床中心对40例HCV感染者进行试验性α-2b干扰素治疗。方法为每周3次皮下注射α-2b干  相似文献   

9.
张素杰 《健康必读》2008,7(2):39-40
随着对丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)研究的进展,临床研究也日渐深入,急性HCV感染后约50%-87%的病例迁延不愈,其慢性化比例远高于乙型肝炎病毒感染者。我们在临床研究中发现,急性丙型肝炎自愈病例其ALT异常者约85%的病人在3个月内即可复常,病程超过3个月仍迁延不愈者极易转慢。为此,我们试用重组基因干扰素α-2b治疗了16例急性输血后丙型肝炎,试图阻断其向慢性化的发展,现将结果报告如下:  相似文献   

10.
李荣健  高榆 《实用预防医学》2020,27(11):1406-1409
人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus, HCV)具有相似的传播途径(包括性传播、血液传播、母婴传播),尽管不同的传播途径的传播效率不同,但HIV与HCV容易发生共感染。丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS相互作用,促进病情进展,给病人的治疗以及预后带来了巨大负担。大多数治疗指南建议优先考虑HIV/HCV共感染患者的丙型肝炎治疗。直接抗病毒药物(direct-acting antiviral agents,DAAs)的问世带来了治愈丙型肝炎的希望,同时也为HIV/HCV共感染患者减轻肝脏疾病负担、提高生存质量提供了保障。本篇对三个不同的传播途径HIV/HCV合并感染的流行情况、HIV和HCV的相互作用机制以及可行的丙型肝炎治疗方案进行了综述。  相似文献   

11.
丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中高发,CKD患者在抗HCV治疗方面具有特殊性。随着直接抗病毒药物(DAA)问世并广泛应用于临床,CKD患者合并HCV感染的预后获得极大改善。近年来HCV治疗领域进展迅速,多种DAA相继在国内获批上市。为此,我国肾脏病、感染病、肝病和感控专家在2019年发表的《慢性肾脏病合并丙型肝炎病毒感染诊断及治疗的专家共识》基础上,以国内外临床研究进展为依据,结合现阶段我国实际情况,更新形成了本指南,以期为CKD合并HCV感染患者的规范化诊治提供指导性建议。  相似文献   

12.
在过去几年中,抗丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)治疗药物的研发取得了突破性进展。大量基础和临床研究证实,针对病毒蛋白的直接抗病毒药物(direct-acting antivirals,DAAs)能有效治疗HCV感染,获得高达90%以上的持续病毒应答(sustained viral response,SVR)。然而,由于诸多因素的影响,HCV合并人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染的患者尚未得到有效的抗HCV治疗。在此将重点简述了DAAs的分类、作用机制及其临床试验效果;此外,还介绍了宿主靶向药物(host-targeting agents,HTAs)的研发情况,以及DAAs在HCV合并HIV患者中的临床应用进展。  相似文献   

13.
《Value in health》2020,23(9):1180-1190
ObjectiveVery few cost-utility analyses have either evaluated direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 patients or undertaken societal perspective. Recently, DAAs have been introduced into the Vietnamese health insurance drug list for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment without empirical cost-effectiveness evidence. This study was conducted to generate these data on DAAs among CHC patients with genotypes 1 and 6 in Vietnam.MethodsA hybrid decision-tree and Markov model was employed to compare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of available DAAs, including (1) sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, (2) sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, and (3) sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir, with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin (PR). Primary data collection was conducted in Vietnam to identify costs and utility values. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated from societal and payer perspectives. Uncertainty and scenario analyses and value of information analyses were performed.ResultsAll DAAs were cost-saving as compared with PR in CHC patients with genotypes 1 and 6 in Vietnam, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir was the most cost-saving regimen, from both societal and payer perspectives. From the societal perspective, DAAs were associated with the increment of quality-adjusted life-years by 1.33 to 1.35 and decrement of costs by $6519 to $7246. Uncertainty and scenario analyses confirmed the robustness of base-case results, whereas the value of information analyses suggested the need for further research on relative treatment efficacies among DAA regimens.ConclusionsAllocating resources for DAA treatment for HCV genotype 1 and 6 is surely a rewarding public health investment in Vietnam. It is recommended that the government rapidly scale up treatment and enable financial accessibility for HCV patients.  相似文献   

14.
Chronic hepatitis C remains the significant epidemiological and clinical problem. Its serious sequelae include cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The only approved treatment of chronic hepatitis C are interferon (IFN) alfa-based regimens. Pegylated IFN alfa in combination with ribavirin has been proved to be the most effective therapy with sustained virological response rate of 72%, regardless of HCV genotype. Qualifying for antiviral therapy needs careful initial assessment, regarding of contraindications and certain conditions, and then close monitoring during treatment. Despite the significant progress in hepatitis C management currently available therapies are often ineffective and unsuitable for certain patient populations. The results of molecular researches on HCV biology give rise to the new therapeutic approaches to HCV therapy.  相似文献   

15.
Hunyady B 《Orvosi hetilap》2011,152(22):887-897
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major etiology and the reason of chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular cancer and liver transplantation. Less than half of patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis achieve sustained viral clearance with current pegylated interferon and ribavirin (P+R) combination therapy. Due to the insufficient treatment success, an extended search for new, direct acting anti-HCV agents (DAAs) is ongoing, already leading to submissions of applications for marketing authorization of the protease-inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir. Both are effective only in triple combinations with P+R. Studies demonstrate a 50% success rate advantage for triple therapies above current standards. In addition, treatment duration can be shortened, and half of the patients who failed previous therapy with P+R can be cured with triple therapies. A major concern with new DAAs is rapid development of DAA-resistant viral mutants, a reason as well as a consequence of insufficient triple therapy. Clinical studies with boceprevir and telaprevir are reviewed in this paper.  相似文献   

16.
目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎抗_IFN及血清分型与派罗欣(聚乙二醇IFNα_2a注射液)疗效的关系。方法接受派罗欣治疗的慢性丙型肝炎患者32例,用ELISA法进行血清分型及抗_IFN的测定。结果32例慢性丙型肝炎患者中HCV血清1型、血清2型及血清1 2混合型阳性率分别为50.00%(16/32)、31.25%(10/32)及18.75%(6/32)。32例慢性丙型肝炎患者,总体抗_IFN检出率为53.13%(17/32),其中HCV血清1型、2型及1 2混合型阳性率分别为:31.25%(10/32)、15.63%(5/32)、6.25%(2/32),血清1型与2型相比较差异显著(P<0.05)。派罗欣治疗后,血清2型患者HCVRNA含量<103拷贝/ml,血清1型患者HCVRNA仍>103拷贝/ml。结论32例慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV血清1型为主;派罗欣治疗后血清2型效果优于血清1型。  相似文献   

17.
丙型病毒性肝炎是严重威胁人民健康的公共卫生问题.目前尚无预防丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的疫苗,但直接抗病毒药物联合治疗可以治愈95%以上的慢性丙型病毒性肝炎.加强HCV感染者的筛查,针对确诊HCV感染者尽早进行有效的治疗,是消除传染源,阻断HCV传播的有效措施.本指南在2012年版《中国丙型病毒性肝炎医院感染防控指南》基础...  相似文献   

18.

Background and aims

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at highest risk for acquiring and transmitting hepatitis C (HCV) infection. The recent availability of oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy with reported cure rates >90% can prevent HCV transmission, making HCV elimination an attainable goal among PWID. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed a 90% reduction in HCV incidence as a key objective. However, given barriers to the use of DAAs in PWID, including cost, restricted access to DAAs, and risk of reinfection, combination strategies including the availability of effective vaccines are needed to eradicate HCV as a public health threat. This study aims to model the cost and efficacy of a dual modality approach using HCV vaccines combined with DAAs to reduce HCV incidence by 90% and prevalence by 50% in PWID populations.

Methods

We developed a mathematical model that represents the HCV epidemic among PWID and calibrated it to empirical data from metropolitan Chicago, Illinois. Four medical interventions were considered: vaccination of HCV naive PWID, DAA treatment, DAA treatment followed by vaccination, and, a combination of vaccination and DAA treatment.

Results

The combination of vaccination and DAAs is the lowest cost-expensive intervention for achieving the WHO target of 90% incidence reduction. The use of DAAs without a vaccine is much less cost-effective with the additional risk of reinfection after treatment. Vaccination of naïve PWID alone, even when scaled-up to all reachable PWID, cannot achieve 90% reduction of incidence in high-prevalence populations due to infections occurring before vaccination. Similarly, the lowest cost-expensive way to halve prevalence in 15?years is through the combination of vaccination and DAAs.

Conclusions

The modeling results underscore the importance of developing an effective HCV vaccine and augmenting DAAs with vaccines in HCV intervention strategies in order to achieve efficient reductions in incidence and prevalence.  相似文献   

19.
目的探讨聚乙二醇干扰素(IFN)α-2a联合病毒唑治疗自身免疫抗体阳性慢性丙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法慢性丙型肝炎患者93例,筛查自身免疫抗体;然后分为试验组(自身免疫抗体阳性)和对照组(自身免疫抗体阴性),均给予聚乙二醇IFNα-2a联合病毒唑治疗。观察治疗前丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)RNA载量和肝功能、治疗过程中血丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平变化以及病毒学应答情况。结果93例慢性丙型肝炎患者中,共检出自身免疫抗体阳性28例,其中抗线粒体抗体阳性17例,抗平滑肌抗体阳性8例,1型抗肝肾微粒体抗体阳性3例。两组治疗前HCVRNA载量,以及治疗后快速和持续病毒学应答率比较差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。治疗前及治疗中试验组患者血ALT和AST水平均高于对照组,但仅治疗第36,48周两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论聚乙二醇IFNα-2a联合病毒唑可有效治疗自身免疫抗体阳性和阴性慢性丙型肝炎患者;但自身免疫抗体阳性的患者肝功能恢复情况不如自身免疫抗体阴性患者效果好。  相似文献   

20.

Background

New direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. High DAA prices combined with a large number of patients needing treatment may pose substantial economic burden on health systems.

Objectives

To examine Medicaid reimbursement for medications for HCV infection before and after the availability of new DAAs overall and by state and to also assess the impact of Medicaid expansion on reimbursement for DAAs.

Methods

We calculated Medicaid reimbursements for medications for HCV infection between 2012 and 2015 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Outcomes included inflation-adjusted Medicaid reimbursement for medications for HCV infection, market share of individual DAAs, percentages of Medicaid outpatient pharmacy reimbursement for DAAs, and Medicaid reimbursement per Medicaid enrollee with HCV infection.

Results

Medicaid reimbursement for medications for HCV infection increased from $723 million in 2012 to $2.35 billion in 2015. We found variations in Medicaid reimbursement for DAAs between states in 2014 (up to 7.4 times HCV infection prevalence) that widened in 2015 (0.1–11.4 times HCV infection prevalence). Expansion states had significantly higher increases in reimbursement for DAAs per enrollee with HCV infection compared with non- or late-expansion states ($2178.60; 95% confidence interval $1558.90–$2798.40), controlling for pre-expansion reimbursement.

Conclusions

Medicaid reimbursement for DAAs differs across states after controlling for HCV infection prevalence. A third of states contributed more than 5% to 15% of pharmacy reimbursements to DAAs. Medications for HCV infection are only one class of highly priced specialty drugs. Innovative policy strategies are needed for health systems to manage coverage for an increasing number of expensive specialty medications indicated for an increasing number of patients.  相似文献   

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