25例颈动脉内膜剥脱术临床分析及术中经颅多普勒超声监测体会

目的探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)对颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效及术中经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测经验总结。方法回顾25例CEA手术患者的临床资料及术中TCD监测情况。结果患者平均年龄64±10岁,男性23例,女2例。其中,左侧颈动脉狭窄11例(44%),右侧13例(52%),双侧狭窄而右侧较重者1例(4%)。除3例术中发生探头移位而未记录完整(均使用转流)外,余22例均全程监测。可根据CEA术中TCD监测大脑中动脉(MCA)血流速度变化了解术侧颈动脉远端供血情况,以确定是否转流。同时全程监测微栓子情况;术后有1例(4%)患者出现轻度神经系统缺损症状;2例(8%)出现谵妄;余22例(88%)未出现新发神经精神症状。结论 CEA可有效解除颈动脉狭窄及颈动脉易损斑块、降低卒中风险,术中TCD监测可为手术安全提供一定保障。     

颈动脉内膜切除术中经颅多普勒超声监测的应用

目的 应用经颅多普勒超声（trascranial Doppler,TCD）术中监测研究颈动脉内膜切除术（carotidendarterectomy,CEA）术中的脑血流变化和微栓子出现的规律。方法 应用TCD监测18例颈内动脉严重狭窄或闭塞者CEA中各期的同侧大脑中动脉（middle cerebralartery,MCA）的脑血流和微栓子信号（microembolic signal,MES）。记录CEA各期MCA收缩期血流速度（peak systolic velocity,PSV）、搏动指数（pulsitility index,PI）及微栓子的数量。结果 （1）术中1例患者出现左眼动脉颞上支栓塞,其余患者无并发症。（2）释放期和缝合期MCA的PSV及PI较基线期明显升高（P <0.01）。44.4%（8/18）的患者阻断后PSV下降>60%。术中,77.8%（14/18）的患者采取了分流措施。释放颈内动脉后33.3%（6/18）的患者PSV升高100%以上。（3）100%的患者于手术中监测到MES。患者的总MES为11～150个,平均60±42个。栓子主要集中于分流期和释放期。结论 TCD作为一项无创、实时的监测工具能够广泛应用于CEA术中监测,及时地发现围手术期的各种血流变化及MES的产生,有效预测围手术期的卒中发生,优化术中操作。     

经颅多普勒超声联合体感诱发电位监测在颈动脉内膜剥脱术中的应用价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)联合体感诱发电位(SEP)监测在颈动脉内膜剥脱(CEA)术中的应用价值。方法对29例颈动脉狭窄患者在CEA术中采用TCD和SEP联合监测,用TCD监测术侧大脑中动脉(MCA)平均血流速度(Vm)的变化,并记录同时段SEP波幅的变化。根据术中TCD和SEP的变化综合判断是否实施转流术,并判断开放颈动脉后有无出现脑血流高灌注。结果本组患者经术中应用TCD和SEP联合监测均顺利完成手术;3例TCD监测MCA Vm及SEP波幅下降均达到转流标准的患者,术中行转流术。SEP(10.3%,3/29)和TCD(44.8%,13/29)监测达到转流标准比率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.118,P=0.002)。5例患者TCD监测示术中出现脑血流过度灌注,但此时SEP并无阳性表现,通过适当降血压及压迫颈动脉处理,其中仅1例患者术后出现脑过度灌注综合征。本组患者术后1周内复查CTA或DSA显示颈动脉狭窄均消失。术后随访3~18个月,仅1例患者在术后第10 d出现术侧手功能区小片状脑梗死,其他患者均无出现并发症。结论TCD与SEP联合监测在CEA术中具有较高的临床应用价值;SEP在判断术中是否使用转流方面更有优势,TCD在判断CEA术中高灌注方面有优势。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术30例体会

颈动脉疾病是血管外科中循证医学证据最充分的领域之一,10余年来,颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA ）的开展在国内进入高速发展期,大量资料证实,大多数脑卒中的发作是由于颈动脉分叉处的粥样硬化性栓子脱落而引起的栓塞或颈内动脉继发血栓所引起的脑梗死造成［1］。我院2013‐01—2014‐01对30例动脉粥样硬化致颅外段颈动脉狭窄患者施行颈动脉内膜剥脱术,疗效较好,现报告如下。     

经颅多普勒超声在颈动脉内膜切除术 围术期的应用

【摘要】 颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是引起中老年人缺血性卒中的一个常见重要原因,可以导致患
者残疾,甚至死亡。目前临床上外科手术治疗颈动脉硬化性狭窄的标准术式是颈动脉内膜切除术
（carotid endarterectomy,CEA）,经颅多普勒超声（transcranial Doppler,TCD）在CEA术前筛查、术中监测
及术后评估均有很重要的临床价值。本文拟对TCD在CEA围术期的应用进行综述。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄

<正>颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成的血管狭窄及闭塞是缺血性脑卒中的重要原因之一。颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)被证实是治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的有效方法。2012年3月至7月,我科对16例颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者施行颈动膜内膜剥脱术,术后疗效较好,现总结报告如下:一、对象与方法 1.一般资料:本组男9例,女7例;年龄46~72岁,平均58岁。     

颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗体会

目的总结颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2012年12月至2015年1月16例头颅CT、MRI证实为缺血性脑卒中的临床资料,颈动脉中度狭窄3例,重度狭窄13例。均行颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术。结果 16例手术均顺利完成,无手术死亡病例。术后随访3个月,显效10例,好转5例,无效1例。结论颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全有效方法,手术成功的关键在于术前评估,术中仔细操作,术后并发症的防治,CTA在其诊断、评估中具有重要作用。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效分析

目的探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析宁夏医科大学总医院2012年2月—2017年12月行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的54例患者的临床资料。包括基本资料、手术前后影像学检查、手术效果、并发症及随访和预后。结果本组患者中,51例患者术后症状明显缓解或消失,其中2例患者术后出现术区渗血; 1例患者死于肺部感染,2例患者因并发症放弃治疗自动出院。术后随访1～36个月,6例患者手术部位出现轻度再狭窄,经药物治疗效果良好。结论颈动脉内膜剥脱术是一种治疗颈动脉狭窄安全、有效的手术术式。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术9例分析

颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄是短暂性脑缺血(TIA)发作及缺血性脑卒中重要的发病原因之一.早在1991年,欧洲颈动脉外科联合研究组(ECST)及北美颈动脉内膜切除术联合研究组(NASCET)进行过多中心大规模随机临床试验,结果显示颈动脉内膜剥脱(CEA)可以治疗TIA及能明显降低重度颈动脉硬化狭窄患者脑卒中的发生率.我院2004年起常规运用腔内转流管及颈动脉补片行CEA,取得较好疗效,报道如下.     

初期开展颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术的经验

目的 总结初期开展颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术的经验。方法 回顾性分析2017年7月～2022年3月颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗的71例颈动脉狭窄的临床资料。结果 术后第二天行头颈部CTA复查,发现1例颈外动脉闭塞,但无症状,未予处理;其余70例颈动脉均通畅,狭窄解除。1例术后出现术区出血,1例术后声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳,1例术后颈内动脉夹层并导致闭塞、遗留对侧肢体偏瘫,1例术后发生肺部感染、心力衰竭等最终因多器官功能衰竭而死亡,其余67例恢复良好。结论 初期开展颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术容易发生颈动脉夹层闭塞、术区出血、神经损伤、术后多器官功能障碍等并发症,术中准确找到狭窄远端、严密缝合、仔细止血、不刻意追求小切口、术前多学科评估全身情况有利于减少术后并发症。     

颈动脉内膜切除术在单中心不同经验阶段的安全性分析

目的分析比较颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）不同经验阶段对手术安全性的影响。方法回顾性分析441例接受CEA治疗的颈动脉狭窄病人的临床资料,依照时间分为初期经验组（57例）和近期经验组（384例）,对比两组在卒中和病死率等方面的差异。结果初期经验组和近期经验组术后卒中和病死率分别为12．3％和2．9％,差异存在统计学意义（P=0．003）。结论随着手术量不断增加,手术经验不断积累,CEA术后的卒中和病死率也会不断下降。     

Outcome for patients with carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy, the cerebral condition followed by extra/intracranial ultrasound examinations

Seventy-six patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were studied to estimate the effect of operation, evaluate the accessible methods of examination and disclose the complications owing to the operation. In addition, the hypothesis that the pulsatility index in MCA measured by the Doppler method could disclose severe ischemia and risk of complications during endarterectomy was tested. The study was a prospective study of patients operated at the University Hospital in Odense in the years 1991-1996. Data collected included demographics, operative indications, complications, follow-up extra/transcranial Doppler examinations, cerebrovascular reactivity investigations, recurrent symptoms and deaths. Concerning the carotid stenosis, a fairly good correlation was found between the results of extracranial Doppler examinations, Duplex and carotid angiography. Serious complications after surgery were few. One patient, who had a coronary by-pass operation consecutive to the endarterectomy, died 3 weeks after the operation, owing to a hematothorax. Five patients (7%) suffered a stroke. Only 2 patients needed rehabilitation, and they came out with minor disturbances in the use of a hand. Recurrent stenosis in excess of 69% emerged in 3% of the patients. All were hemodynamically insignificant. One patient had a new TIA during the observation time of 3-60 months. After the operation she had a thrombosis in the operated carotid artery. Thus our results, a perioperative stroke rate of 7% and a mortality rate of 1%, are in line with the average results in multicenter trials. In addition a PI below 0.60 in the MCA seemed to be a warning of the risk of postoperative cerebral hyperemia.     

Cerebral blood flow and common carotid flow in neurologically asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy patients

To define subgroups in 50 neurologically asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis (mean diam. of stenosis 81.1 ± 12.5%) regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and common carotid artery flow were measured by means of the intravenous Xenon-133 technique and a Doppler flowmeter; respectively. The rCBF studies were performed both at rest and after administration of acetazolamide (Diamox). In this asymptomatic cohort of 50 patients we found subgroups with significant hemispheric baseline asymmetry (BA) (five patients; BA = 7.2 ± 1.8%) and/or pathological Diamox asymmetry enhancement (DAE) (five patients; DAE = 8.8 ± 1.3%). Carotid endarterectomy in these cases resulted in a significant reduction of hemispheric differences of rCBF (postoperative BA = 0.4 ± 3.4, postoperative DAE = 1.7 ± 3.8). Measurements of common carotid flow revealed significantly higher flow rates in the postoperative period and compensation of intercarotid flow asymmetry. In pathophysiologically defined preclinical subgroups of cerebrovascular disease with hemispheric rCBF differences and/or impairment of the cerebral vascular reserve capacity surgical procedures might be useful.     

Patency and flow velocity profiles in the internal carotid artery assessed by digital subtraction angiography and Doppler studies two years after endarterectomy

A follow-up of 55 patients 2 years after a total of 60 carotid endarterectomies. Fifty-two patients who had a total of 57 endarterectomies survived the first 2 post-operative years and were re-examined using pulsed Doppler spectral analysis and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA). One patient had died following a stroke and 2 after a cardiac infarction. The Doppler and IVDSA examinations revealed a non-symptomatic restenosis of the relevant internal carotid artery in 2 patients. There were no relevant occlusions and no symptomatic re-stenoses were detected. Spectral spreading of the Doppler signal at the site of the endarterectomy was found in 18% of the internal carotid arteries, whereas wall irregularities (diameter reduction less than 10%) were demonstrated in 25% by IVDSA. A stenosis or occlusion was found in 14 (25%) of the 57 ipsilateral external carotid arteries.     

CEA治疗伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的颈动脉重度狭窄的疗效

目的评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄伴对侧颈内动脉闭塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析11例患者的临床资料,包括围手术期并发症及近远期疗效;并比较术前及术后3个月颈部及大脑中动脉血管血流峰值。结果即刻成功率为100%,术后患者脑缺血症状均得到改善,围手术期无病例死亡或缺血性脑卒中等严重并发症发生,仅有1例出现皮下血肿、1例出现短暂声音嘶哑,经积极治疗后均好转。随访率100%,随访时间6~61(32.5±17.2)个月。患者均无术侧颈动脉再狭窄,其中1例再发对侧缺血性脑卒中。术后患者颈动脉血流峰值及大脑中动脉收缩期血流峰值与术前比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对于一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄伴对侧颈动脉闭塞的高危患者,颈动脉内膜剥脱术具有满意的围手术期结果和较好的远期脑卒中预防疗效。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术60例临床分析

目的总结颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)治疗有症状颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析60例应用CEA治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄病人的临床资料,探讨手术适应证、疗效及手术并发症的预防。结果手术效果良好57例,术区血肿行再次手术清除1例,对侧脑梗死偏瘫1例。1例死于术后急性肾功能衰竭。随访6个月复查CTA,5例出现再狭窄。结论 CEA治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是一种简单、安全的方法,个体化围手术期处理可以降低高危病人的病死率。     

Changes in cerebral blood flow pattern after carotid endarterectomy

A comparison was made between pre- and postoperative cerebral blood flow measurements in 20 patients who underwent endarterectomy. Most patients showed no difference between both studies. However in 4 of the series an increase in blood flow was observed while in another 4 patients a decrease occurred. Especially patients with a low preoperative flow seemed to have profited from the endarterectomy.     

Microembolic signals and intraoperative stroke in carotid endarterectomy

Objectives – Microembolic signals (high-intensity transient signals, HITS) detected by means of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) may be relevant for intraoperative strokes in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Material and methods – An intraoperative HITS detection study was performed on 77 patients (63 men, 14 women, mean age±SD, 64±8 years) with a total of 81 CEAs. Using the Scandinavian Stroke Scale the patients were clinically examined by a neurologist preoperatively and postoperatively within 6 h. A deterioration of the Scandinavian Stroke Scale was considered an intraoperative stroke if persisting longer than 24 h. Cranial computed tomography (CT scan) was performed preoperatively and 3 to 5 days postoperatively. By means of TCD total HITS count and mean blood velocity changes, for shunting, were recorded sufficiently in the middle cerebral artery in 79 CEAs. Results – HITS were significantly more frequent in symptomatic [ n =53; HITS: median, 15 (range 1–159)] than in asymptomatic stenoses [ n =26; HITS: 6.5 (0–41); P < 0.001]. An intraoperative stroke in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the operation occurred in eight of the 81 CEAs. On postoperative CT scans, five of the eight strokes showed new corresponding territorial infarctions. In the three strokes without new CT lesions, the mean blood velocity changes after clamping indicated normal cerebral perfusion. Total HITS count was significantly higher in procedures with intraoperative strokes [ n =8; HITS: 33 (11–159)] than in the uncomplicated [ n =71; HITS: 10 (0–62); P =0.002]. No stroke occurred in 37 CEAs with 10 or less HITS, but eight in 42 CEAs with 11 or more HITS [ P =0.006; relative risk 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.43)]. Conclusion – Microembolism seems clinically relevant in carotid endarterectomy. Asymptomatic patients may run a lower risk of intraoperative embolization.