地奈德乳膏联合怀氏乳膏治疗手部慢性角化皲裂性湿疹效果观察

目的：通过研究早期神经梅毒临床表现及诊断方法,提高对该病诊疗上的认识。方法：对我院2012～2014年诊治的20例早期神经梅毒进行回顾性分析。结果：20例早期神经梅毒血的梅毒血清快速反应素试验（RPR）、荧光密螺旋体抗体（TPPA）检测阳性;脑脊液（cFs）梅毒实验室试验（VDRL、TPPA检测亦阳性;CSF检查,白细胞数升高7例;蛋白升高11例。其中3例伴有头痛头晕症状,2例伴有视物模糊症状,15例为无症状神经梅毒。结论：脑脊液TPPA及VDRL检测有助于神经梅毒的诊断。对于病期大于1年复发梅毒、血清RPR持续阳性患者,应及早进行脑脊液检查并采取神经梅治疗。     

梅毒携带者并发神经梅毒的危险因素分析

目的 探讨梅毒携带者并发神经梅毒的危险因素。方法选择2016年2月—2023年6月仪征市人民医院神经内科收治的64例梅毒携带者,其中并发神经梅毒者33例为研究对象。针对快速血浆反应素试验（rapid plasma reagin test,RPR）持续阳性时间、RPR滴度、脑脊液梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验（treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay,TPPA）结果、脑脊液白蛋白水平、合并人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染、脑脊液白细胞计数、颅内压、是否接受正规梅毒治疗等进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果 RPR持续阳性时间1年以上,RPR滴度≥1∶8,脑脊液TPPA结果阳性,脑脊液白细胞计数升高为梅毒携带者并发神经梅毒的独立危险因素（P <0.05）,接受正规梅毒治疗为预防梅毒携带者并发神经梅毒的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 对于梅毒RPR试验持续阳性时间超过1年且滴度≥1∶8,脑脊液TPPA结果阳性合并脑脊液白细胞计数升高者,其发生神经梅毒的概率显著增高,故...     

无症状神经梅毒实验室诊断相关因素及意义

目的分析无症状神经梅毒实验室诊断相关因素及意义。方法收集68例无症状神经梅毒住院病例，对患者脑脊液TRUST滴度与年龄、血清TRUST、脑脊液TPPA、脑脊液白细胞、脑脊液蛋白、脑脊液压力进行多元回归分析。结果神经梅毒脑脊液TRUST滴度和年龄、脑脊液TPPA、脑脊液压力、脑脊液白细胞计数无相关性（P〉0．05），与血清TRUST滴度、脑脊液蛋白呈正相关（P值均〈0．05）。结论神经梅毒脑脊液TRUST滴度与血清TRUST滴度、脑脊液蛋白呈现正相关，无症状梅毒血清固定患者要早期行腰穿检查排除神经梅毒。     

确证试验评价梅毒患者感染现状的意义

目的 分析梅毒患者的感染现状与治疗疗效的关系.方法 用苍白密螺旋体(梅毒密螺旋体)被动血凝试验(TPPA)法确证抗梅毒抗体阳性,并测定它们的梅毒心磷脂反应素(RPR)滴度,分别对比RPR阳性组和阴性组血清与荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验(FTA-ABS)的检测结果;追踪检测梅毒感染者治疗的RPR滴度与FTA-ABS的抗体强度.结果 RPR阳性组与RPR阴性组的FTA-ABS阳性检出率分别为77.5%与37.5%,差异有统计学意义(X~2=24.47,P<0.05);随着RPR滴度的降低,FTA-ABS的阳性检出率也降低;经过治疗RPR滴度下降的病例,其FTA-ABS检测的抗体强度也随之下降.结论 观察梅毒治疗疗效,在监测RPR的下降程度时,也应检测FTA-ABS,两者均为阴性时再停止治疗.     

不同检测方法在特殊人群梅毒检测中的应用分析

目的比较TP-ELISA、TP-PA、RPR 3种梅毒检测方法,为选择梅毒感染状况筛查方法提供依据。方法采用梅毒特异性抗体的双抗原夹心法（ELISA）进行抗体（包括IgM、IgG）检测,并与RPR法检测结果进行比较。3种方法检测结果有反应性的标本,再用TPPA法进行确证。结果ELISA-IgM法有反应性率2.28%（9/394）,RPR法有反应性率3.30%（13/394）,ELISA-IgG法有反应性率13.20%（52/394）;ELISA法与TPPA法符合率97.9%（47/48）,RPR法与TPPA符合率25%（12/48）,IgM法与TPPA符合率14.58%（7/48）。ELISA法与RPR及IgM法差异有高度显著性。ELISA法与TPHA法差异无显著性。结论ELISA法能满足疾控机构监测的需要,可以在特殊人群梅毒感染状况检测中应用。     

南京市性病门诊患者梅毒抗体检测结果分析

目的：了解南京市性病门诊患者感染梅毒情况。方法：收集南京市性病门诊患者血液样本2255份,同时进行梅毒RPR和TPPA试验。结果：性病门诊患者3年来共有2255份,梅毒抗体阳性266份,阳性率为11.80%。男性平均阳性率为10.05%（134/1333）,女性平均阳性率为14.32%（132/922）,差异无统计学意义。梅毒患者中RPR阴性、TPPA为阳性占22.93%。结论：RPR阴性TPPA阳性的早期梅毒比例较大,要引起高度重视。     

梅毒血清学联合检测的应用价值

目的 探讨酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测梅毒抗体假阳性的相关因素，并分析梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（TPPA）联合快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）对梅毒的诊断价值。方法 选取某院2019年1—12月接诊做病毒筛查的患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析。首先对患者进行梅毒抗体ELISA方法检测，筛选出结果呈阳性的726例患者进行TPPA检测及实施RPR测定血清滴度，将三种方法的实验数据进行统计分析。结果 ELISA法检测梅毒抗体阳性的762例血清标本中，TPPA（+）、RPR（+）者260例，TPPA（+）、RPR（-）者285例，TPPA（弱反应性）、RPR（-）者33例。TPPA阳性和弱反应性共578例，ELISA法与TPPA法的符合率为75.85%，假阳性率为24.15%(184/762)。结论 ELISA法联和TPPA、RPR方法同时对患者进行梅毒检测，可以避免产生假阳性现象，从而提高检验结果的准确率，保证及时发现、早期干预和有效治疗，同时便于观察临床疗效，值得推广应用。     

神经梅毒20例临床分析

目的 探讨神经梅毒的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析20例神经梅毒患者的临床资料.结果 20例患者血清梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝聚试验(TPPA)和血清快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)均阳性;脑脊液TPPA均阳性,脑脊液RPR阴性4例,阳性16例,蛋白质均升高,白细胞数正常6例,升高14例.经大剂量水剂青霉素治疗,随访16例,症状消失4例,好转10例,未好转或恶化2例.结论 神经梅毒临床表现多样,诊断主要依靠病史特点,并结合梅毒血清学、脑脊液检查.神经梅毒的治疗仍首选大剂量水剂青霉素.     

RPR与TPPA检测对梅毒诊断及疗效的价值分析

目的评估梅毒血浆反应素快速试验(RPR)与梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)检测对梅毒诊断和疗效的价值分析。方法对300例梅毒患者、100例非梅毒患者以及50例正常人进行RPR与TPPA进行联合检测并进行分析。结果 172例梅毒Ⅰ期患者RPR和TPPA的阳性率分别为83.1%和100.0%,117例梅毒Ⅱ期RPR和TPPA的阳性率均为100.0%,11例潜伏期梅毒的RPR和TPPA的阳性率分别为84.6%和100.0%,100例非梅毒患者的RPR和TPPA的阳性率分别为3.0%和0;50例健康体检者的RPR和TPPA的阳性率均为0。结论 RPR和TPPA都是梅毒诊断快速有效的方法,但是TPPA作为确诊试验特异性和灵敏度均明显要高于RPR,但在对疗效观察价值上RPR则又明显好于TPPA。     

探讨RPR滴度在梅毒病毒检测中的效果

目的:探讨血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)梅毒抗体检测方法在梅毒检测中的效果。方法:选取2011年2月至2013年3月期间我院收治的潜伏期梅毒、一期梅毒、二期梅毒、以及治愈后的梅毒患者共83例作为本组研究的观察对象,收集所有患者的血清样本分别进行RPR与梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA),并比较两种方法的检测结果。结果:本组83例患者RPR阳性率53.74%,敏感度64.27%;TPPA阳性率79.34%,敏感度100%;结论:TPPA的梅毒检测敏感度较好,可以作为梅毒确诊检测方法;RPR的梅毒检测敏感度一般,可以作为梅毒初筛试验的检测方法以及梅毒治疗监测手段。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.