Malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of cervix with TFE3 gene rearrangement: a case report

In this study, we reported the first PEComa arising within the cervix with TFE3 gene rearrangement and aggressive biological behavior. Morphologically, the tumor showed infiltrative growth into the surrounding parenchyma. The majority of tumor cells were arrayed in sheets, alveolar structures, or nests separated by delicate fibrovascular septa. There was marked intratumoral hemorrhage, necrosis, and stromal calcifications. The tumor cells had abundant clear cytoplasm, focally containing finely granular dark brown pigment, morphologically considered to be melanin. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells demonstrated moderately (2+) or strongly (3+) positive staining for TFE3, HMB45, and Melan A but negative for CKpan, SMA, S100, PAX8, and PAX2. The presence of Ki-67 protein demonstrated a moderate proliferation rate, with a few Ki-67-positive nuclei. Using a recently developed TFE3 split FISH assay, the presence of TFE3 rearrangement was demonstrated. All these clinicopathologic features are suggestive of TFE3-rearranged PEComas of the cervix. Our results both expand the known characteristics of primary cervix PEComas and add to the data regarding TFE3 rearrangement-associated PEComas.     

伴有TFE3扩增的肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的探讨伴有TFE3扩增的肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(epithelioid angiomyolipoma,EAML)的病理学特征、鉴别诊断及生物学行为。方法对1例伴有TFE3扩增的肾脏EAML进行组织形态学观察、免疫组化染色及荧光原位杂交(fluores-cence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测,追踪随访患者预后,并复习相关文献。结果该例EAML呈片状弥漫分布,瘤细胞呈上皮样改变,细胞形态异型性较大,核分裂象易见。肿瘤侵犯包膜。瘤细胞表达SMA、TFE3、cathepsin K,TFE3基因出现多倍体扩增,未见易位发生。患者第一次手术3个月后肿瘤复发,术后半年腹腔肿瘤广泛侵犯、肺部见转移。结论伴有TFE3扩增的EAML组织学形态及生长方式更具恶性特征,预后更差,与经典型EAML有所不同,需与其他形态学相似的肿瘤相鉴别。     

Cyto‐histological correlation of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion associated renal cell carcinoma: Report of a case with review of literature

The MiT family translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are relatively rare in comparison to the conventional RCC. The cytologic features overlap with conventional clear cell RCC and papillary RCCs, thereby making the diagnosis extremely challenging. Here, we describe a case of TFE3 translocation associated RCC in a 58‐year‐old patient, with emphasis on cytomorphologic features and clues toward this diagnostic entity. Correlating the cytohistologic findings and review of touch imprints revealed that presence of hyaline nodules resembling leisegang rings and psammoma bodies in cytologic smears from kidney tumors serve as an important clue in raising a suspicion for the diagnosis of MiT family translocation RCCs.     

P70S6K在Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测P70S6K在Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌(renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion,TFE3 RCC)中的表达,探讨其在TFE3 RCC发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测23例确诊的TFE3 RCC、14例肾透明细胞癌(clear cell RCC,CCRCC)和6例乳头状肾细胞癌(papillary RCC,PRCC)组织中P70S6K的表达,观察其表达与三种RCC的关系,同时观察P70S6K表达与TFE3 RCC发生、发展和相关临床病理参数的关系。结果 P70S6K在TFE3 RCC组织中的表达(91.3%)明显高于其在CCRCC组织(64.2%)和PRCC组织中的表达(66.6%),差异有显著性(P0.05)。P70S6K在TFE3 RCC组织中阳性表达水平的H-score评分值(88.2±9.8)亦显著高于其在CCRCC组织(54.4±7.6)和PRCC组织(43.7±6.2)中阳性表达水平的H-score评分值,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。P70S6K表达与TFE3 RCC患者年龄、有无淋巴结转移和脉管瘤栓有关,与患者性别、肿瘤直径等临床病理参数无关。结论与CCRCC和PRCC组织相比,TFE3 RCC组织中P70S6K表达显著增高,有助于TFE3 RCC的鉴别诊断。P70S6K在TFE3 RCC组织中高表达,同时提示mTOR信号通道在TFE3 RCC的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。为TFE3 RCC的靶向治疗寻找潜在药物靶点提供一定的理论基础。     

A renal cell carcinoma with EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion gene

Both EWSR1 and TFE3 are well‐known oncogenes. EWSR1 encodes an RNA‐binding protein involved in multiple soft tissue tumors, including Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, soft tissue clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma of soft parts), extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and myxoid liposarcomas. TFE3 regulates both Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis and is rearranged in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), alveolar soft part sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and perivascular epitheloid cell tumors (PEComas). In this report, we found a rare case of RCC with a fusion between 5′ EWSR1 and 3′ TFE3. The fusion product retained most functional motifs of TFE3. The oncogenic mechanism likely involves TFE3 overexpression through its juxtaposition with the regulatory elements of EWSR1 and its translocation to the nucleus, resulting in the deregulation of Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis. This is a second case of RCC containing EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion.     

TFE3‐rearranged hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma—a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular study

A recurrent YAP1‐TFE3 gene fusion has been identified in WWTR1‐CAMTA1‐negative epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas arising in soft tissue, bone, and lung, but not in liver. We present the first case of TFE3‐rearranged hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a 39‐year‐old Taiwanese woman. Computed tomography scan revealed multifocal, ill‐defined nodules involving both hepatic lobes. She then underwent deceased donor liver transplantation. Histologically, the tumors in the liver explant showed a biphasic growth pattern. One component was composed of dilated and well‐formed blood vessels lined by epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, mimicking an alveolar pattern, whereas the other component was composed of cords and single cells, featuring intracytoplasmic vacuoles, separated by a myxoid stroma. The tumor cells showed vesicular nuclei and small indistinct nucleoli with mild to moderate cytologic atypia. Most tumor cells showed factor VIII, CD34, CD31, and TFE3 positivity in immunohistochemical study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for the tumor cells exhibited TFE3 gene rearrangement. The patient is currently alive, and no post‐operative tumor recurrence developed during a 13‐year follow‐up. Awareness of this rare vasoformative variant and identification of the gene rearrangement would be helpful on differential diagnosis with other high‐grade carcinoma and angiosarcoma of liver.     

Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌的临床病理学特点

目的 探讨Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌的临床病理学特点.方法 对4例Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌进行临床资料分析、组织学观察和免疫组化研究,并复习相关文献.结果 4例患者年龄自6～20岁,均具有腰痛的症状和较高的临床分期.肿瘤最大径2.5～10 cm,切面灰黄间灰红色.组织学上,肿瘤显示乳头状和腺泡状2种生长方式, 间质可见钙化.肿瘤细胞界限清楚,胞质淡红染至透亮,染色质呈泡状,核仁易见.4例肿瘤均弥漫高表达TFE3和CD10,不同程度表达CK、EMA和vimentin.结论 Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌是最近被定义的一种罕见肿瘤,好发于年轻患者,预后较差.其诊断主要依靠特征性的组织病理学改变和免疫标记TFE3阳性.     

Diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas in adult patients under 50 years: Interest and pitfalls of automated immunohistochemical detection of TFE3 protein

Renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations form a new and little known entity of the WHO 2004 classification. An immunohistochemical (IHC) test aiming at demonstrating the nuclear expression of the protein TFE3, product of a gene frequently involved in translocation, has been proposed as a diagnostic tool. The aims of this work were to define our evaluation criteria of the immunohistochemical test with the antibody anti-TFE3 and to describe new cases of renal cell carcinomas with TFE3 translocations.     

Fine-needle aspiration of a Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the lung: report of a case and review of the literature

A 57-yr-old woman presented to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) with a history of nephrectomy for a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), Fuhrman grade 3 of 4 diagnosed 1 yr prior to admission to the NCI. A CT scan done upon admission revealed multiple bilateral lung masses. A CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of one of the lung masses revealed a cellular specimen composed primarily of follicular structures surrounding dense hyalinized central cores. The cells in the follicular structures displayed bland nuclei and had granular to vacuolated cytoplasm. Papillary structures were also appreciated. Immunocytochemical studies showed tumor cells that were strongly vimentin and TFE3 positive. Focal staining for AE1/AE3 and CD10 was observed, as was negative staining for EMA. A surgical biopsy specimen reflected the FNA findings and demonstrated a similar immunoprofile. These findings correspond to the recently described Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion renal cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the cytologic features of an Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 fusion RCC.     

胃TFE3阳性富含色素的血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤1例

胃血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(PEComa)是一种罕见发生于胃的具有血管周上皮样细胞特征的间叶性肿瘤。本文报道1例发生于胃体上部前壁黏膜下PEComa。内镜下行黏膜下肿物挖除术, 术后病理组织形态表现为富含色素的上皮样肿瘤细胞被含小血管网的间质分隔成巢状。免疫组织化学HMB45、结蛋白、TFE3阳性。最终诊断:胃TFE3阳性富含色素的PEComa。通过分析本例肿瘤临床病理特征, 对胃肠道PEComa临床病理特征、免疫组织化学及分子检测进行回顾性分析, 以提高病理医师对胃肠道PEComa的认识。     

A novel EWS‐CREB3L3 gene fusion in a mesenteric sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare, malignant fibroblastic neoplasm, morphologically composed of cords, nests or sheets of monotonous epithelioid cells within a collagenous matrix. It has been recently characterized by recurrent pathogenic EWS‐CREB3L1/2 or FUS‐CREB3L2 fusions and common MUC4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Typically SEF occur in middle‐aged adults and rarely have been reported within the abdominal cavity. Here we report an 18‐year‐old man with intraabdominal tumor and multiple disseminated liver metastases, presenting pure SEF histologic and immunophenotypic features. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed unbalanced rearrangement of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene. Genomic profiling by array CGH, followed by RT‐PCR and sequencing analysis, revealed a previously not reported EWSR1 translocation partner, cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein 3‐like 3 (CREB3L3). The novel EWSR1‐CREB3L3 fusion further extends the range of fusion types involving EWSR1 that are characteristic for SEF.