强直性肌营养不良1型患者的临床特点及CTG重复次数分析

目的总结强直性肌营养不良1型患者的临床、神经电生理和遗传学特点。方法收集3例强直性肌营养不良1型患者的临床症状、肌电图、肌肉病理及基因检测结果。结果 3例患者(男性1例)均为成年起病,慢性病程。临床表现为四肢远端无力和肌强直; 2例患者存在眼外肌或面肌无力; 1例伴随前额脱发; 2例存在心脏传导紊乱如阵发性室性心动过速、左前束支传导阻滞、右束支传导阻滞; 2例出现脑白质病变。3例强直性肌营养不良1型患者DMPK基因3’非翻译区的突变CTG重复次数分别为104、150、299,均大于50次。3例患者肌电图检查所检肌肉均可见肌强直放电。结论强直性肌营养不良1型患者肌无力主要出现在远端肌群,心脏传导紊乱和脑白质病变是其多系统受累的显著表现。肌电图可以发现临床下肌强直放电,是最敏感的筛查手段。     

强直性肌营养不良症的临床特点

目的总结强直性肌营养不良症(DM)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析24例DM患者的临床资料。结果本组中20例(83.3%)患者在青年期起病,进展缓慢;19例(79.2%)有家族史。临床表现以面部、颈部及肢体远端肌肉为主的无力、萎缩及强直,伸肌重于屈肌;可伴全身多系统受累;血清肌酶正常或轻度升高。肌电图具有特征性的肌强直放电和肌源性损害;8例肌肉病理检查显示核内移、核链形成,以Ⅰ型肌纤维萎缩为主,7例出现肌纤维坏死,4例肌纤维结构紊乱,3例肌浆块,2例肌膜呈锯齿状。结论DM的临床特征是肌无力、萎缩及强直;肌电图和肌活检对诊断具有重要意义。     

强直性肌营养不良症临床与神经电生理分析

目的探讨强直性肌营养不良症(DM)的临床与神经电生理特点。方法回顾性分析21例经临床和神经电生理确诊的强直性肌营养不良症的临床资料和神经电生理改变。结果 21例患者共检测105块肌肉,肌强直放电发生率为100%,其中拇短展肌强直放电发生率91%,小指展肌发生率81%,胫前肌发生率57%,肱二头肌发生率24%,股内肌发生率19%。21例病人肌电图检测中,有14例出现肌源性损害,其中胫前肌10块,肱二头肌6块,股内肌4块,拇短展肌2块。结论强直性肌营养不良症患者肢体远端肌强直放电检出率明显高于近端,同时进行上下肢的近端和远端肌肉的肌电图检查,对确诊DM具有重要的临床意义。     

肌电图和靶基因检测在强直性肌营养不良中的诊断价值

目的探讨强直性肌营养不良的临床特征,评价肌电图和靶基因检测方法在诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析来自4个不同家系的6例患者的临床特点、肌电图和靶基因检测结果。结果该组6例患者均存在不同程度肌强直、肌无力和肌萎缩及多系统受累等临床表现。肌电图显示,肌源性损害伴肌强直放电阳性率为100%;神经传导(NCS)提示,3例有部分运动神经CMAP波幅降低,余均正常。靶基因检测提示,该组患者的强直性肌营养不良蛋白激酶(DMPK)基因3′非翻译区(3′-UTR)的CTG重复异常扩增率为100%,均50次;锌指蛋白9(ZNF9)基因的第1个内含子中CCTG重复扩增均正常。结论在强直性肌营养不良的诊断中,阳性家族史、典型的临床特征是诊断的基础,肌电图是诊断筛选的首选方法,特别是在强直性肌营养不良1型中阳性率更高,靶基因分析是诊断和分型的金标准。[国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2021, 48(2):120-125]     

强直性肌营养不良一家系临床分析

目的 探讨强直性肌营养不良(DM) 的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识.方法 对一DM 家系确诊的5例患者的临床资料进行收集分析,包括患者基本资料、临床表现、肌电图及肌肉活检等.结果 5例DM 患者均为慢性病程,以肌强直、肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,伴眼部、心脏、内分泌和神经等多系统损害,血清肌酶轻度增高或正常,肌电图具有特征性肌强直放电和肌源性损害,肌肉活检具有相对特异性肌病特征.结论 DM 是一种以肌强直、肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现的多系统损害的遗传性疾病,临床表现复杂多样,肌肉活检有助于明确诊断.     

强直性肌营养不良临床、电生理和肌肉病理研究

目的探讨强直性肌营养不良(DM)的临床、电生理和肌肉病理表现,提高对该病的认识。方法 4例患者结合家族史、临床表现、电生理和肌肉病理检查确诊为DM。并分析DM的特点。结果 4例患者均有颞肌萎缩和四肢肌无力、肌萎缩、肌强直;同时4例患者均有脱发;2例患有白内障;3例有Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞。肌肉病理检查主要表现为:Ⅰ型纤维萎缩、大量肌核内移和核链形成,肌膜下肌浆块和环形纤维的形成。结论临床以肌无力、肌萎缩、肌强直为主要表现的多系统损害的遗传性疾病要及时考虑到强直性肌营养不良的可能,肌电图和肌肉病理是诊断该病的关键,必要时可行基因检测以明确诊断。     

强直性肌营养不良56例和先天性肌强直24例的临床与肌电图分析

多年来,我们累计收治了强直性肌营养不良患者56例和先天性肌强直患者24例,本文对其临床和肌电图(EMG)表现进行分析,现将其结果报告如下。临床资料与方法强直性肌营养不良:强直性肌营养不良患者共56例,其中男40例,女16例,发病年龄10￣50岁,平均(30.4±8.8)岁,病程1￣20年,有遗传史13例,其中9例家族中兄妹同时发病。诊断依据:①头面肌、胸锁乳头肌和四肢远端肌萎缩,肌无力;②体检可见肌强直,叩击出现肌球;③EMG呈典型肌强直放电等可确诊[2]。先天性肌强直:先天性肌强直患者共24例,男15例,女9例,发病年龄1￣25岁,平均(12.8±8.5)岁,病程15d…     

强直性肌营养不良症的临床与肌肉病理学特点

目的探讨强直性肌营养不良症(DM)的临床及肌肉病理学的特点。方法对6例DM患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果6例患者均呈慢性病程,以肌无力、肌强直和肌肉萎缩为主要表现,多伴有脱发、白内障、心脏传导阻滞等多系统损害。肌电图检查结果为肌源性损害,6例均可见肌强直电位发放。病理学检查见肌纤维核内移、核袋及核链现象,部分患者可见肌质块及肌纤维分布异常。结论DM是一种以肌无力和肌强直为主要表现的多系统损害的遗传性疾病;特征性病理改变为肌纤维核内移、核链以及肌质块、肌纤维分布异常。     

强直性肌营养不良Ⅰ型临床、病理、骨骼肌磁共振特点

目的总结11例强直性肌营养不良Ⅰ型(DM1)患者的临床、病理和双下肢肌肉受累的特点。方法回顾性分析2012年01月至2020年10月就诊于南京鼓楼医院神经内科的11例DM1患者的临床、骨骼肌活检病理及5例双下肢骨骼肌磁共振的特点。结果11例患者均有不同程度的肌强直、伴有肌无力/肌萎缩症状,肌无力/肌萎缩远端重于近端。骨骼肌病理特点:10/11例患者可见Ⅰ型肌纤维轻度萎缩,部分患者可见核内移、核聚集、肌浆块现象。双下肢肌肉磁共振:5例患者双下肢远端脂肪浸润重于近端,双侧肌肉受累程度不对称,大腿肌肉脂肪浸润以股中间肌最严重,小腿肌肉以腓肠肌、比目鱼肌、腓骨长肌最严重。结论骨骼肌磁共振对诊断强直性肌营养不良Ⅰ型有重要的提示意义。     

强直性肌营养不良一家系5例报告及临床分析

目的探讨强直性肌营养不良(DM)的临床特点,以提高对DM疾病的认识及诊断水平。方法对一DM家系确诊的5例患者临床资料进行收集及回顾性分析,包括患者基本资料、临床表现、血液生化、心电图、肌电图及肌肉活检等。结果 5例DM患者均为慢性病程,以肌强直、肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,伴有眼部、心脏、内分泌和生殖、神经等多系统损害如白内障、心律失常、脱发、阳痿、习惯性流产、智能减退等,血清肌酶轻度增高或正常,肌电图具有特征性肌强直放电和肌源性损害,肌肉活检呈非特异性肌病特征。结论 DM是一种以肌强直、肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现的多系统损害的遗传性疾病,临床表现复杂多样,识别DM的临床特点有助于提高对其诊断水平。     

Oculopharyngeal myopathy with distal and cardiomyopathy.

Two patients are described with distinctive clinical features including an insidious onset, slow progression, bilateral ptosis, weakness of facial muscles, dysphagia, muscle atrophy, and weakness with a distal distribution in the extremities, and cardiomopathy with conduction system disorders. Electromyographic studies and muscle biopsy showed features highly suggestive of a myopathic disorder. One case is considered to be sporadic. The other seems to be a familial disorder, because of the presence of a mild atrioventricular block and right incomplete bundle branch block in the patient's son and the presence of eyelid ptosis in his sister. This may be a variant of oculopharyngeal myopathy with distal and cardiomyopathy. It will be necessary to perform long-term follow-up studies in these families.     

慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹的临床和病理研究

目的总结慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹(CPEO)的临床和病理特点。方法回顾分析2015年10月至2017年7月于我院确诊的5例CPEO患者的临床及骨骼肌病理特点。结果男性2例,女性3例,均为散发病例,平均起病年龄(27.8±12.56)岁(15～51岁)。4例首发症状为眼睑下垂,1例为复视。5例均有眼睑下垂及眼球活动障碍,2例伴复视,1例有轻度颈屈肌和四肢近端肌无力,1例19岁月经初潮且身体矮小。5例新斯的明试验及血清乙酰胆碱受体抗体均阴性。仅1例肌酸激酶(CK)水平轻度升高(251 U/L)。1例心电图完全性右束支传导阻滞。5例均行肌电图检查,其中2例部分被检肌呈肌源性改变,5例重复神经电刺激均正常。5例头颅MRI均正常。骨骼肌病理改变主要为异常增多的破碎红纤维(RRF)、破碎蓝纤维(RBF)和细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)阴性肌纤维。结论 CPEO患者主要临床特点为进行性眼睑下垂和眼球活动障碍,少数患者可伴复视或轻微肢体近端肌无力、心脏传导阻滞和发育迟缓等。主要诊断措施为骨骼肌病理可见异常增多的RRF和COX阴性肌纤维。     

Absence of tonic electromyographic activity during sleep in normal and spastic nonmimetic skeletal muscles in man

An electromyographic study of nonmimetic skeletal muscles was carried out in 8 normal adults and 4 patients with spastic hemiparesis during all stages of sleep for a total of 21 nights. All normal subjects showed absence of tonic electromyographic activity in all nonmimetic skeletal muscles in all stages of sleep. Also, during quiet, relaxed wakefulness, tonic muscle discharges disappeared in the normal subjects. Three patients with upper motor neuron spasticity demonstrated results during sleep similar to those obtained in the normal subjects. In the fourth patient, tonic muscle discharges persisted into stage 2 non-REM sleep, disappeared within 30 to 240 seconds following the onset of stage 2 sleep, and were absent during stages 3 and 4 sleep and REM sleep.     

平山病患者的临床电生理及颈磁共振成像研究

目的 研究平山病(HD)患者的临床特征、肌电生理及颈磁共振成像(MRD特点.方法 观察15例HD患者的特殊临床表现.检测双侧上肢远端及下肢常规肌电图及周围神经传导速度.行颈部自然位、过屈位及过伸位MRI扫描,观察低位颈髓有无萎缩及颈椎曲线情况.结果 15例患者均为男性,青春期起病.病变均表现为上肢远端肌肉、骨间肌、鱼际肌萎缩和双手厥冷无力.肌电图检查示患者受累侧远端肌运动单位平均时限宽,多相波增多,波幅显著增高(巨大电位),主要位于C7、C8及T1节段.颈自然位MRI示9例患者低位颈髓萎缩,主要在C5、C6节段.所有患者过屈位时颈髓前移、变扁平,变扁节段以C6为主.结论 HD主要发生在青春期,以男性多见,临床表现和肌电图检查提示局限于下位颈髓的前角病变,颈部自然位和过屈位MRJ不同的特点可协助诊断.     

Cardiomyopathy in Becker muscular dystrophy

In 6 patients with dystrophin-verified Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), 3 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM group). The other 3 patients (non-DCM group) also had ECG abnormalities including incomplete right bundle branch block, left ventricular enlargement and intraventricular conduction defect. Between DCM and non-DCM group, there was no prominent difference in ages at onset, mean duration and severity of muscular weakness. Serum CK levels, and molecular weight and amount of dystrophin also showed no significant difference between two groups. On reviewing 14 BMD patients, including 3 present patients with cardiomyopathy, the cardiac symptoms appeared from 4 to 41 years, averaging 17.1 years of age. The mean duration of muscle symptoms was 9 years, ranging from 0 to 33 years. There was no correlation between severity of muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. Six patients died of heart failure and 3 received cardiac transplantation. Thus there was no characteristic clinical feature in BMD patients with cardiomyopathy except for very poor prognosis. Since the myocardial involvement is not related with clinical severity and duration of the disease, careful observation for cardiac function should be carried out in all BMD patients even in the early stage of muscle weakness.     

Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block: slow but not benign

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block who had annual clinical and physiological examinations for 18 years but declined treatment for personal reasons. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Collaboration between 2 academic tertiary care hospitals. Patient One patient with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block. RESULTS: At age 44 years, there was weakness and wasting of the left biceps with conduction block in the left musculocutaneous and right ulnar nerves. The left median nerve was inexcitable. The right median, ulnar, and left peroneal nerves developed axonal change (loss of distal compound muscle action potential amplitude) at years 5, 12, and 13. By 2005, new weakness had appeared in 20 muscles (16 in the arms); he could not use a keyboard, button buttons, or write his name. Nerves that initially showed conduction block became inexcitable over the course of the illness. CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block is a disease that may be "only" slowly progressive but is not always benign. Nerves showing conduction block may develop axonal change. Better markers for this disease are needed.     

Computed tomographic findings of the skeletal musculature in sporadic distal myopathy with early adult onset

This report describes the clinical, laboratory, electromyographic, histopathological and computed tomographic studies of three patients suffering from sporadic distal myopathy.The most conspicuous features were: early onset in adulthood, weakness first affecting the distal leg muscles, marked elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, and electromyographic and histopathological findings predominantly consistent with myopathy.Computed tomographic examination of the skeletal musculature revealed that the most extensive changes were in the distal muscles of the legs. However, some proximal muscles also appeared to be involved, both clinically and radiologically.One conspicuous finding in all patients was the presence of marked low density abnormalities in the gluteus minimus muscles.     

Electrophysiological studies in diabetic neuropathy

In 30 patients with diabetic neuropathy sensory potentials in the median nerve, motor conduction in the lateral popliteal and median nerves, and electromyographic findings in distal and proximal muscles were compared with the severity of symptoms and signs. All patients had abnormalities in at least one of the electrophysiological parameters. The sensory potentials were the most sensitive indicator of subclinical involvement; abnormalities were found in 24 patients, 12 of whom had no sensory symptoms or signs and five of whom had no other clinical or electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy in the upper extremities. This indicates that sensory nerve fibres may be affected before motor. The next most sensitive parameter was the presence of fibrillation potentials, found in more than half the distal muscles examined. Slowing in motor conduction in the lateral popliteal nerve was the only electrophysiological change correlated to the severity of the neuropathy, and no other electrophysiological parameter was correlated to the duration or the severity of the neuropathy or the diabetes. An onset of neuropathy before or simultaneously with the manifestations of the diabetes, as well as the frequent occurrence of asymptomatic changes in sensory conduction, support the evidence at hand that the neuropathy develops concomitantly with and as an integral part of the metabolic disturbance rather than as a consequence of the vascular complications of diabetes. Of three patients with clinical signs or symptoms of a diabetic amyotrophy, two had asymptomatic electrophysiological abnormalities in distal nerves and muscles, consistent with widespread involvement of the peripheral nerves. The third patient had electromyographic changes in the medial vastus muscles suggestive of a myopathy. Motor and sensory conduction in distal and proximal nerves were normal.     

Development of weakness in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and only sensory symptoms at presentation: A long-term follow-up study

This long-term follow-up study examined patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and only sensory symptoms at first presentation, with emphasis on the development of motor symptoms and long-term disability. From all CIDP patients referred to our Department between 1987 and 1995, seven had only sensory symptoms at first clinical presentation. These were investigated according to a standard protocol, including a quantified clinical neurological examination and nerve conduction studies. The mean duration of the disease before weakness developed was 3.1 years, but varied considerably (0.8–6.3 years). At follow-up, weakness developed in five patients and persisted in three of them. Five patients were not seriously incapacitated by their disease (Rankin 1 or 2), four of them being in remission now and one showing a very slow progression of disease. Two patients were moderately disabled (Rankin 3); one had severe persistent sensory ataxia and only weakness during relapses and one had stepwise progression and moderate weakness. Motor nerve conduction studies revealed that the most notable worsening in the entire group of patients was a decrease in distal compound muscle action potential amplitudes, indicating the development of distal conduction block or axonal degeneration. These findings show that CIDP with only sensory symptoms is a transient clinical stage that precedes the appearance of weakness in about 70% of patients. The long-term prognosis does not differ from that of patients with CIDP who have weakness at the beginning of the disease. Received: 3 December 1998 Received in revised form: 17 May 1999 Accepted: 2 July 1999