生物型和骨水泥型股骨假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的临床效果对比

目的：对比老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折使用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄行全髋关节置换术治疗效果。方法对本组进行老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折100例（100髋）进行的全髋关节置换术根据手术方式分为A组（股骨假体柄骨水泥型全髋关节置换术,60髋）, B组（股骨假体柄生物型全髋关节置换术,40髋）。对比两组髋关节功能、关节活动度、髋关节影像学特点及术后疼痛情况。结果老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,采用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄的全髋关节置换术临床疗效对比差异显著（ P＜0.05）。结论对于老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,应用骨水泥型者股骨假体柄术后近期疗效明显优于生物型,但它有诱发深静脉血栓栓塞和骨水泥危象的风险。     

非水泥股骨假体对全髋置换术后大腿疼痛的影响

全髋关节置换术在治疗终末期髋关节骨性关节炎等疾病方面取得成功的发展。骨水泥全髋关节置换术,由于其与假体周围骨溶解、置入物松动相关的并发症,在20世纪80年代早期被非骨水泥全髋关节置换术取代。尽管非骨水泥全髋关节置换术已经取得良好的临床效果,但大腿疼痛仍然是一个严重的术后并发症,严重影响患者的术后满意度和生活质量。然而,目前关于大腿疼痛病因的研究较少。来自于中长期随访研究的数据表明大腿疼痛与股骨假体自身特性相关。本文旨在回顾近年来的研究,总结影响非骨水泥全髋关节置换术后大腿疼痛的股骨假体因素,并分析其原因。     

骨保留型股骨柄结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折

目的研究Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折的可行性和疗效。方法自2011年2月至2014年7月解放军第180医院骨科采用Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折8例,采用Harris髋关节评分对髋关节功能进行评估。采用Gruen股骨分区法将股骨近端分为7个区,根据X线片进行记录及分析,判断是否存在骨溶解及假体松动。结果本组8例患者术后随访13~38个月,平均(25±3)个月。术后无感染、深静脉血栓、切口延迟愈合、假体脱位、假体周围骨折及大腿疼痛。术前髋关节功能评分(Harris评分)为3~12分,平均(8±3)分;差:8例。术后12个月Harris评分为85~99分,平均(91±5)分;优7例,良1例。手术前后Harris评分差异具有统计学意义(t=23.478,P0.01)。随访期间Gruen 1~7区均未出现骨溶解及假体松动。结论采用Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折能达到创伤小、早期行功能锻炼、髋关节功能恢复快的目的,并避免对膝关节假体、骨水泥及骨水泥帽造成干扰,适用于骨质疏松患者,能获得满意疗效。     

水泥与非水泥股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效对比

[目的]对比观察骨水泥型与生物加长柄型股骨头置换术治疗高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。[方法]对本院采用股骨头置换治疗的36例高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中骨水泥组16例,非水泥组20例。观察记录两组手术时间、术中术后出血量、术后大腿疼痛、患者满意度、死亡率、早期并发症和髋关节Harris评分。对两组指标进行统计分析比较。[结果]两组患者在手术时间、术中术后出血量、术后大腿疼痛、术后早期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,末次随访时两组Harris评分均显著进步,骨水泥组下地时间更早。非水泥组粗隆间骨折愈合良好,两组近期随访无假体移位、松动及下沉。[结论]两种假体治疗高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折临床疗效均满意,骨水泥型假体下床早,有利于早期功能恢复,可减少术后并发症,提高生活质量。     

非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效与注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2019-12采用非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗的71例老年股骨颈骨折,末次随访时采用髋关节功能Harris评分评定疗效,观察并发症发生情况。结果 71例均获得随访,随访时间平均18(12～36)个月。所有患者均在术后2周内下床不负重行走,无髋关节脱位倾向。术后4周所有患者步态恢复正常。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分为(86.36±9.67)分,较术前明显改善。术后3例出现肺部感染,对症治疗后痊愈;2例发生股骨假体远端股骨干骨折,采用切开复位内固定手术治疗。结论非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少,可避免出现骨水泥植入综合征,降低手术风险。非骨水泥型假体置入后依靠骨组织长入使骨与假体表面形成紧密的生物固定,进而实现良好的骨传导,但是需要注意防范早期假体松动与假体周围骨折。     

老年移位型股骨颈骨折与人工关节置换

老年非移位型股骨颈骨折的治疗建议一般为内固定,大多数学者倾向对老年移位型股骨颈骨折行关节置换术,术后可早期下地活动,且不用担心内固定物失效或骨折不愈合。半髋关节置换术适于伤前活动能力低、同时无髋关节疾病史、全身情况较差的股骨颈骨折患者,但并发症如髋臼磨损及大腿疼痛发生率较高;全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的长期随访效果肯定,但术后假体脱位发生率及手术时间增加。近年来大直径股骨头假体的应用及术中关节囊的保留与修补,明显降低了术后假体脱位的发生率。老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者究竟选择内固定、半髋关节置换还是全髋关节置换,迄今还没有达成一致意见。该文就相关临床决策作一综述。     

髋关节表面置换术临床优势与争议

髋关节表面置换术保留了股骨颈,可更精确地重建股骨近端解剖结构,使应力分布更符合生理方式,保留较多骨质,增加关节稳定性.并使术后关节活动度更接近正常水平.髋关节表面置换假体早中期生存率较高,对年轻患者更具优势.假体规格较小、股骨假体柄采用非骨水泥固定、早期技术不熟练等因素导致假体无茵性松动,假体内翻住植入、股骨颈切迹等易引起股骨颈骨折,采用不舍适的手术入路会造成股骨头缺血性坏死,术后患者血液和尿液中金属离子浓度升高等,均是目前争议的焦点.目前认为,髋关节表面置换术主要适用于骨质条件较好、年轻(<65岁)且活动频繁的骨关节炎、股骨头坏死、髋关节发育不良、股骨头骨骺滑脱、强直性脊柱炎和股骨骨髓炎患者.术前评价骨质、选用薄的髋臼假体、合理使用骨水泥及采用合适的手术入路等,可明显降低术后并发症的发生.     

髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折危险因素的分析

目的分析髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况和危险因素。方法选择本组自2002年1月至2008年12月所有行初次和翻修髋关节置换术患者共3021髋(初次置换术2718髋,翻修术294髋),分析术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生情况,并用Logistic回归分析骨折发生的相关因素,包括性别、年龄、术前诊断、假体类型、固定方式。用2检验进行初次置换和翻修术中发生骨折的差异性检验。结果总的术中股骨假体周围骨折发生率为5.7%(173/3021),其中初次置换发生率为4.0%(110/2718),翻修术发生率为21.4%(63/294)。初次置换应用骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为1.9%(8/429),非骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为4.5%(102/2289),初次置换术中骨折82.7%(91/110)发生于干骺端;翻修术应用骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为18.8%(21/112),非骨水泥股骨假体术中骨折发生率为23.1%(42/182),翻修术术中骨折62%(39/63)发生于骨干部。Logistic回归分析显示:初次髋关节置换术中骨折的危险因素包括性别、术前诊断、固定方式、假体类型;翻修术性别、年龄、假体固定方式不是引起术中骨折的危险因素。应用2检验,翻修术中股骨假体骨折的风险与初次置换相比差异有统计学意义(P0.000),OR值为6.5,95%CI(4.6,9.1)。结论初次髋关节置换术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率为4.0%,主要发生于干骺端(83.6%),女性、髋关节发育不良、髋部骨折、高位脱位、非骨水泥固定是术中骨折的危险因素;髋关节翻修术中股骨假体周围骨折的发生率(21.4%),远高于初次髋关节置换术,主要发生于骨干部(61.9%),骨折的发生与否可能主要取决于翻修时的骨质情况,性别、年龄、假体固定方式并不是主要的影响因素。     

全髋关节置换术中假体周围骨折的研究进展

全髋关节置换术是一个较为成熟的手术,术中假体周围骨折是其并发症之一,假体周围骨折分为髋臼假体周围骨折和股骨假体周围骨折,危险因素包括微创技术的使用、压配式非骨水泥假体柄的使用、髋关节翻修术和骨质疏松等。本文就全髋关节置换术中假体周围骨折的分型及治疗进展进行综述。     

Ribbed非骨水泥股骨假体在人工全髋关节置换术中的近中期随访观察

目的总结人工全髋关节置换术中解剖型非骨水泥股骨假体治疗髋关节疾病的临床疗效及经验。方法回顾性分析自2001-02—2010-12采用Top压配杯髋臼假体和Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥股骨假体对132例(178髋)髋关节疾病行人工全髋关节置换术,其中67例(93髋)获得完整随访。结果 67例获随访6~54个月,平均37.6个月。术后髋关节功能Harris评分76~98分,平均92.3分。X线检查未发现假体松动或下沉,表现出假体的骨长入性稳定。4例出现大腿痛。结论在人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病中使用Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥股骨假体的近中期效果满意。     

股骨头毁损三联征:股骨头骨折-脱位合并股骨颈骨折

股骨头合并同侧股骨颈骨折是一种严重而复杂的创伤,保髋手术大多会失败。其治疗的难点及预后的关键在股骨颈骨折上。鉴于股骨颈骨折的发生与股骨头骨折-脱位之间存在明显的、前后关联的贯序特点,笔者认为以股骨头毁损三联征（disastrous triad of femoral head,DTFH）来概括这种类型的损伤,更能反映其损伤机制和预后特点。结合临床观察和文献资料,DTFH可分为3个类型：Ⅰ型,普通型DTFH,股骨颈骨折的发生紧随于股骨头骨折-脱位之后,是同一暴力造成的损伤;Ⅱ型,医源型DTFH,是在股骨头骨折-脱位的诊疗过程中发生了医源性股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ型,应力型DTFH,发生于股骨头骨折-脱位的治疗之后,在股骨头骨折面的远侧缘发生应力性股骨颈骨折。本文对各型DTFH的临床特点进行了初步的讨论。     

Distal femoral allograft for massive proximal femoral deficiency

Background?Although indomethacin is effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty, side effects are frequently observed. In the last decade a new class of drugs—the COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—has been developed. To investigate the effect of these COX-2 selective NSAIDs on heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), we conducted a randomized controlled trial using either indomethacin or rofecoxib for 7 days.

Methods?186 patients received either indomethacin 3 times daily, or rofecoxib twice, and 1 placebo, daily for 7 days. HO was graded according to the 1-year postoperative radiographs according to the Brooker classification.

Results?12 of the 186 patients included discontinued their medication before the end of the trial due to side effects. The remaining 174 patients were included in the analysis. In the indomethacin group (n = 89), 77 patients (87%) showed no HO, 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification. In the rofecoxib group (n = 85) 73 patients (86%) showed no ossification, 9 showed grade 1, and 3 showed grade 2.

Interpretation?The prophylactic effect of rofecoxib for 7 days in preventing heteropic ossification after primary total hip arthroplasty is comparable to the effect of indomethacin given for 7 days. These results indicate that the development of HO follows a COX-2 pathway.     

Simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral varus osteotomies for femoral retroversion and genu valgum

Whereas excess femoral anteversion and its related symptoms have been described many times, excess femoral retroversion is less well documented. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who had a history of chronic bilateral hip and knee pain and evidence of excess femoral retroversion, genu valgum, early-onset lateral and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis of both knees, and hip arthritis. She experienced symptomatic relief after undergoing staged bilateral simultaneous proximal femoral rotational and distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomies. Although this combination of alignment problems is not an infrequent clinical occurrence, we have found no literature on this condition or treatment. The patient provided written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report.     

Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of 87 consecutive patients treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN) for trochanteric femoral fractures. METHODS: 17 men and 70 women aged 58 to 95 (mean, 85) years with trochanteric femoral fractures underwent PFN fixation using an intramedullary nail, a lag screw, and a hip pin. Fractures were classified according to the AO system; the most common fracture type was A2 (n=45), followed by A1 (n=36) and A3 (n=6). The position of the lag screw within the femoral head was measured. The lateral slide of the lag screw after fracture consolidation was measured by comparing the immediate postoperative and final anteroposterior radiographs. RESULTS: 90% of lag screws were placed in an optimal position. The length of lateral slide of the lag screw in stable A1 fractures was significantly less than that in unstable A2 fractures; it was over 10 mm in 7 of 45 patients with A2 fractures. Cut-out of lag screw did not occur, suggesting that free sliding of the lag screw facilitates direct impaction between fragments. CONCLUSION: A PFN is useful for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures.     

股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死

简要叙述股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的早期诊断和坏死预测等的最新进展。为使骨折后骨坏死尽量减少，早期手术和关节穿刺减压，避免髋关节放置在伸直及内旋位是必要的，建议屈曲位牵引。应用Gd-DTPA增强MRI T1脂肪浸润扫描，可预测股骨头坏死的可能性。建议将股骨头坏死分为静息型骨坏死和临床型骨坏死．