两次与单次骨水泥灌注治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的比较

[目的]通过与传统骨水泥单次灌注技术比较,评估两次骨水泥灌注在经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折(osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture,OVBF)中的可行性和有效性。[方法]回顾性分析2014年1月~2016年6月收治的56例无神经脊髓症状的骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的患者,其中30例患者术中采用两次骨水泥灌注(两次组),其余26例患者采用传统的骨水泥单次灌注(单次组)。比较两组的手术时间、出血量、术中透视次数、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏率,记录两组术后1 d及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog score,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、伤椎前缘高度比、椎体后凸角和随访过程中的并发症。[结果]两次组的手术时间、出血量及术中透视次数与单次组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两次组的骨水泥注入量多于单次组(P0.05),而骨水泥渗漏率低于单次组(P0.05)。术后随访12~28个月,平均18.53个月。两组患者术后1 d及末次随访时VAS、ODI、椎体后凸角均低于术前(P0.05);而伤椎前缘高度比显著高于术前(P0.05)。两组患者末次随访时VAS、ODI均低于术后1 d(P0.05);但伤椎前缘高度比、椎体后凸角较术后1 d无明显变化(P0.05)。两组间术后1 d、末次随访时的各个指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访过程中无椎体再发骨折等并发症。[结论]PKP分次调制灌注骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折可获得较好的临床疗效,且能有效地降低骨水泥渗漏的发生,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的有效方法。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

[目的]探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。[方法]利用VAS评分、ODI指数及X线片所测伤椎前缘高度来评价经皮椎体后凸成形术对180例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗效果。其中男69例,共80椎,女81例,共100椎。年龄58~92岁,平均70.3岁。[结果]全部病例顺利完成手术,有4椎出现骨水泥渗漏,未出现严重并发症。VAS评分、ODI指数、椎体前缘高度三项指标术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]经皮椎体后凸成形术可以迅速缓解疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。     

PKP与高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法纳入自2012-02—2016-04诊治的100例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,行PKP治疗者50例(PKP组),行高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗者50例(PVP组)。比较2组术后VAS评分、ODI指数、伤椎前缘高度压缩比值、伤椎前缘高度恢复比值,以及骨水泥渗漏率。结果 2组术后VAS评分、ODI指数、伤椎前缘高度压缩比值较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但2组术后各时间点VAS评分、ODI指数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组术后3 d、12个月伤椎前缘高度压缩比值低于PVP组,伤椎前缘高度恢复比值高于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PVP组骨水泥渗漏发生率低于PKP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP、高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可明显减轻患者疼痛,改善患者功能障碍程度,PKP术后椎体高度恢复效果更优,而高粘度PVP骨水泥渗漏率较低。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的危险因素分析

目的分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折球囊扩张椎体后凸成形(PKP)术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的危险因素。方法选取2006-03—2013-07在本院行PKP治疗并获得1年以上随访,且自愿参与课题的135例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者作为研究对象。根据随访结果有无出现继发相邻节段椎体新鲜骨折,将研究对象分为骨折组(28例)和对照组(107例)。观察记录2组性别、年龄、BMI指数、骨密度、术前伤椎个数、手术前后Cobb角,以及骨水泥量、骨水泥注射方法(单或双侧注射)、有无骨水泥渗漏、伤椎前缘高度恢复程度。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现低BMI指数、低骨密度、伤椎个数多、骨水泥发生渗漏是引起PKP术后继发相邻节段椎体再骨折的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中低骨密度和骨水泥渗漏是最主要的危险因素。结论低骨密度和骨水泥渗漏是引起骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折PKP术后继发相邻节段椎体骨折的主要危险因素,完善术前准备和坚持抗骨质疏松治疗是主要预防措施。     

经皮弯角椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨经皮弯角椎体成形术(PCVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法 采用PCVP治疗45例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者。记录手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨折愈合时间、伤椎Cobb角、伤椎高度百分比、疼痛VAS评分以及并发症发生情况。结果 手术时间20～55(31.9±8.0)min,骨水泥注入量5～10(7.49±1.06)ml。患者均获得随访，时间3～8个月。骨折均愈合，时间3～4个月。术后8例出现骨水泥渗漏，4例发生术后邻椎或隔椎骨折，未发生伤椎再骨折、神经损伤及肺栓塞等并发症。伤椎高度百分比、伤椎Cobb角术后2 d和术后3个月均较术前改善(P<0.05);术后3个月与术后2 d比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疼痛VAS评分术后2 d和术后3个月均较术前降低(P<0.05);术后3个月较术后2 d进一步降低(P<0.05)。结论 PCVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可有效缓解患者疼痛，维持椎体高度，但应注意骨水泥渗漏和椎体再骨折风险。     

椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折行椎体成形术的治疗方案。[方法]2008年11月~2014年6月采用经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼治疗经皮椎体强化术术后椎体再骨折22例。记录并分析伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评价及再骨折发生率。[结果]术后随访15~49个月,平均(17.3±6.2)个月。所有患者骨水泥注射过程顺利。术后CT扫描显示5例出现骨水泥渗漏,渗漏发生率为22.73%,其中椎管内渗漏1例,椎间隙渗漏2例,椎间盘渗漏1例,针道渗漏1例。均无明显症状,未行特殊处理。1例邻近椎体骨折,发生率为4.55%。患者术后伤椎高度压缩率、伤椎后凸Cobb角、VAS及ODI评价较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]经皮椎体成形术、抗骨质疏松及康复功能锻炼是治疗椎体强化术后邻近椎体再骨折的有效方法,止痛效果好,并且能够改善椎体形态,减少邻近椎体再骨折的发生率。     

PVP与PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(Percutaneous vertebro plasty,PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(Percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2020-11诊治的82例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,41例采用PKP治疗(PKP组),41例采用PVP治疗(PVP组),比较2组手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏情况,比较2组术后3个月疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎Cobb角。结果 2组均顺利完成手术并获得至少3个月的随访。PKP组骨水泥注入量较PVP组多,骨水泥渗漏数较PVP组少,手术时间较PVP组长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月2组疼痛VAS评分、ODI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PKP组伤椎前缘高度较PVP组大,伤椎Cobb角较PVP组小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折采用PVP与PKP治疗均能显著减轻疼痛并促进术后快速康复,PKP在恢复伤椎高度、矫正椎体后凸畸形的效果优于PVP,且能减少骨水泥渗漏率。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效观察

目的观察球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法将2010年4月至2012年11月收治的80例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,随机分为实验组（n=40）和对照组（n=40）,实验组采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗,对照组采用经皮椎体成形术治疗。结果所有患者术后随访6个月。两组患者术后VAS评分、Cobb＇s角和ODI评分均显著小于术前（P〈0.05）,实验组术后6个月VAS 评分显著小于对照组（P〈0.05）,实验组术后3 d和术后6个月的Cobb＇s角和ODI评分均显著小于对照组（P〈0.05）,实验组骨水泥渗漏率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效确切,安全性好,可以作为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的首选方法之一。     

液压输送式椎体成形术与扩张球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗单节段骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效比较

[目的]对比分析评估新型液压输送式椎体成形术与扩张球囊椎体后凸成形两种术式在治疗单节段骨质疏松性脊柱骨折中疗效的差异。[方法]对本院骨科一区2012年5月~2013年9月间符合条件的64例单节段骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者术前随机分为液压输送式椎体成形(A组,34例)以及扩张球囊椎体成形(B组,30例)两组,分别进行相应的手术术式处理。术后随访1年,通过VAS评分、ODI评分评估患者手术前后症状改善、功能恢复情况;通过骨水泥渗漏与否、椎体高度恢复程度、骨水泥弥散情况等进一步分析比较两种不同椎体成形术式治疗脊柱骨折疗效及预后可能产生的差异。[结果]两组患者术后VAS评分及ODI评分均较术前明显改善,术后1年时椎体高度恢复率A、B两组分别为(27.84±2.12)%和(29.82±5.13)%。A、B两组患者均未出现骨水泥过敏、肺栓塞、椎管渗漏引起神经症状等严重并发症。无症状性骨水泥渗漏发生例数分别为7例和3例(P<0.05)。[结论]液压输送式椎体成形术与扩张球囊式椎体后凸成形术在改善单节段骨质疏松性脊柱骨折症状及功能方面疗效相当。二者骨水泥弥散情况和椎体高度恢复率的比较差异无统计意义,提示液压输送式椎体成形术在有着更简洁的手术过程、更简短的手术时间、更经济的手术花费的同时,在手术疗效以及结构恢复等方面都有着不差于扩张球囊式椎体后凸成形术的效果,而且对术后同椎、邻椎骨折的发生可能有着更好的预后。     

手法复位配合PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者54例分析

[目的]探讨手法复位配合经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的临床疗效。[方法]将108例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者随机分为2组,每组54例。PVP组给予PVP治疗,手法复位配合PVP组给予手法复位配合PVP治疗。治疗前后,观察两组疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)以及残疾功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、椎体前缘高度、伤椎Cobb角、骨水泥渗漏情况。[结果]治疗后,两组VAS、ODI评分显著降低(P<0.05),手法复位配合PVP组VAS、ODI评分分别为(2.40±0.90)、(23.60±3.70)显著低于PVP组的(3.10±0.60)、(29.80±2.90)(P<0.05);治疗后,两组椎体前缘高度均明显升高(P<0.05),手法复位配合PVP组椎体前缘高度为(28.10±1.30)mm显著高于PVP组的(23.40±2.00)mm(P<0.05);治疗后,两组伤椎Cobb角均显著降低(P<0.05),手法复位配合PVP组伤椎Cobb角(19.20±2.80)°显著低于PVP组(23.90±2.30)°(P<0.05);手法复位配合PVP组骨水泥渗漏率为11.11%,低于PVP组的18.51%。[结论]手法复位配合PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可有效恢复老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的椎体畸形,改善残疾功能障碍指数,并降低疼痛程度。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的手术治疗

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,对21例相隔一个正常椎体的跳跃性胸腰椎椎体结核患者施行前路病灶清除植骨融合椎体钉棒内固定治疗,植骨采用自体髂骨-肋骨或钛网-肋骨植骨。男14例,女7例;年龄22～67岁,平均43岁。病变范围：T4～L3,胸椎12例,胸腰段6例,腰椎3例。两处跳跃病变破坏2个椎体1例、3个椎体7例、4个椎体10例;三处跳跃病变破坏5个椎体2例,6个椎体1例。病变节段后凸角：胸椎30°～50°,胸腰段15°～30°,腰椎10°～20°。4例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2～4周,术后规则抗痨1年。结果21例患者随访2.1～5.1年,平均3.4年。切口均一期愈合,术后早期肺不张2例,腹胀1例,经保守治疗1周内恢复。术后1～3个月红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白逐渐恢复正常。手术矫正后凸畸形10°～30°,末次随访畸形矫正角度丢失≤5.1°。植骨于术后3个月开始出现融合,随访期间无植骨块移位和内固定松动、折断。4例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能基本恢复正常。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建和维持脊柱稳定性。     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨椎动脉三维CT血管成像(CTA)在椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)诊断中的应用价值。方法:2007年7月～2008年4月临床上诊断为CSA的患者共21例(CSA组),对其CTA上显示的椎动脉、横突孔及钩椎关节增生情况进行观测,并与21例非CSA患者(对照组)的CTA观测结果进行比较分析。结果:CSA组中椎动脉正常者4例,管腔变细者7例,走行异常者1例,椎动脉硬化者2例,管腔局限性狭窄者4例,血管走行迂曲者3例,无血管闭塞的患者。对照组中14例椎动脉表现正常,管腔变细者4例,走行迂曲者3例。两组中血管正常、局限性狭窄出现比率间均有显著性差异(P0.05,χ2分别为9.72、1.21)。CSA组中11例(52.4%)患者共有36个钩椎关节增生,以C4～C7增生(28个,77.8%)最为常见,32个(88.9%)为轻度增生,3个(8.3%)为中度增生,1个(2.8%)为重度增生。对照组中,6例(28.6%)患者共有19个钩椎关节增生,只有1个(5.3%)表现为中度增生,其余均为轻度增生。结论:CTA可以较好地显示椎动脉异常、局限性狭窄及钩椎关节的增生情况,在CSA中具有一定的诊断价值。     

Multiple vertebral osteonecrosis

Vertebral osteonecrosis classically presents with an intravertebral vacuum cleft phenomenon or a fluid-filled cleft on MR images. These clefts are usually found in older patients presenting with more severe fractures, more significant collapse and instability. Therefore, although considered for a long time as pathognomonic for vertebral osteonecrosis, vertebral clefts are now considered to represent fracture non-union. The double-line sign is classically described for osteonecrosis of long bones, but has been reported in one case of concurrent spinal cord and vertebral bone marrow radionecrosis. We present a case of a histologically confirmed multilevel vertebral osteonecrosis manifesting as a double-line sign in the absence of an associated vertebral collapse and unrelated to radiotherapy.