老年髋部骨折术后死亡的危险因素

[目的]探讨老年髋部骨折手术后死亡的危险因素.[方法]回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年1月于本院手术治疗的177例老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料,记录年龄、性别、临床检验、ADL (activities of daily living,ADL)评分及生存情况等数据,按患者是否死亡分为生存组和死亡组,单因素分析两组各项指...     

老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄发生的临床独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析自2013-04—2014-12诊治的272例老年髋部骨折,根据术后患者是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组,相继采用单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析从14项可能危险因素中筛选出谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结果 63例术后发生谵妄,谵妄发生率为23.2%。单因素分析结果显示,高龄、术前白蛋白(35 g/L)、术前合并基础疾病数量(≥3种)、麻醉方式(全身麻醉/椎管内麻醉)、手术时间(≥2.5 h)、术后使用镇痛泵及术后发生低氧血症与谵妄的发生有显著的相关性关系,可能是谵妄发生的高危因素。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,高龄、术前白蛋白(35 g/L)、术前合并基础疾病数量(≥3种)及手术时间(≥2.5h)该4项危险因素为术后患者发生谵妄的高危独立危险因素。该4项危险因素的OR值分别为13.865、1.837、2.140、2.437。结论高龄、术前白蛋白35 g/L、术前合并基础疾病数量≥3种及手术时间≥2.5 h 4项危险因素为老年髋部患者术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素。     

老年髋部骨折患者术前营养不良的危险因素分析

目的分析老年髋部骨折患者术前营养不良的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年12月间东南大学附属中大医院收治的798例年龄≥65岁髋部骨折患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年髋部骨折患者术前营养不良的危险因素。 结果老年髋部骨折患者术前营养状况较差,营养不良患者约占34.80~78.43%。老年股骨转子间骨折患者营养状况比股骨颈骨折患者更差,血红蛋白[（108±18）g/L,（123±16）g/L,t=11.617,P<0.001]、白蛋白[（34±6）g/L,（36±5）g/L,t=5.133,P<0.001]两指标差异均有统计学意义。高龄老年患者术前营养状况比普通老年患者更差,血红蛋白[（112±18）g/L,（121±18）g/L,t=6.772,P<0.001]、总淋巴细胞计数[（1.1±0.7）cells/ml,（1.3±0.6)cells/ml,t=3.247,P=0.001]和白蛋白[（34±5）g/L,（36±6）g/L,t=4.577,P<0.001]差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析示年龄（OR：0.567,95% CI：0.419~0.768,P<0.001）和脑梗塞（OR：0.699,95% CI：0.500~0.980,P=0.037）是老年髋部骨折患者术前营养不良的主要危险因素。 结论老年髋部骨折术前营养状况较差,特别是股骨转子间骨折患者和高龄老年患者,年龄和脑梗塞是老年髋部骨折患者术前营养不良的主要危险因素。     

老年髋部骨折患者致伤因素分析

目的通过对老年髋部骨折病例分析,了解老年髋部骨折患者致伤因素,为预防髋部骨折提供依据。方法收集北京积水潭医院2015年9月1日至2016年8月31日老年髋部骨折住院病例570例,按照年龄、性别等对致伤因素进行分析。结果老年髋部骨折病例中男性167例(293%),女性403例(707%),平均年龄795岁(60～100岁)。老年髋部骨折患者中949%为低应力骨折,且随着年龄增长脆性骨折比例逐步升高;骨折地点随着年龄增高逐步由户外为主转为室内为主;患者在户外及室内客厅发生髋部骨折的时间段均以白天为主(8:00～20:00),卧室及卫生间发生髋部骨折的时间段均以晚上为主(20:00～6:00);髋部骨折地域不同,摔倒的主要原因亦有不同;570例患者中951%合并基础疾病,随着年龄的增长合并多种基础疾病的比例也逐步升高;多元回归分析进一步得出,存在呼吸系统基础疾病、中重度营养不良以及患者基础疾病数量是髋部骨折后新发急性疾病严重程度的独立危险因素。结论老年髋部骨折致伤原因包括自身因素、药物因素以及环境因素等多方面,医疗工作人员应做好预防摔倒宣教、积极控制基础疾病、纠正骨质疏松,以期降低髋部骨折风险。     

老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的危险因素.[方法]回顾性分析2016年12月-2019年12月南京江北医院骨科中心346例髋部骨折患者的临床资料,其中股骨颈骨折160例,股骨粗隆间骨折164例,股骨粗隆下骨折22例,根据是否发生术后谵妄,将患者分为两组.采用单项因素和二元多因素逻辑回归分析术后谵妄的危险因素.[结果]...     

老年髋部骨折手术疗效的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响老年髋部骨折手术疗效的相关危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2008年1月采用手术治疗且获得随访的127例髋部骨折患者（年龄≥75岁）资料,以术后1年死亡情况和独立生活能力恢复情况作为评定手术疗效的指标,统计可能对疗效产生影响的因素。 结果患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、心脏疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、合...     

老年髋部骨折患者术后心血管并发症的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者住院期间术后新发心血管并发症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析本院骨科2005年1月至2015年12月收治的髋部骨折患者693例,男257例,女436例,年龄65~103岁,BMI 16.5~33.1 kg/m2,ASAⅡ~Ⅳ级,分别收集患者的人口学资料、术前合并症、卧床时间、手术方式、麻醉方法、手术时间和出血量,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析老年髋部骨折患者住院期间术后新发心血管并发症的危险因素。结果 46例患者(6.64%)在住院期间发生术后心血管并发症,包括心绞痛25例(3.61%)、心律失常19例(2.74%)、心力衰竭5例(0.72%)、心肌梗死4例(0.58%)和心源性猝死2例(0.29%)。单因素分析显示,年龄、心脏疾病、脑血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病、肾功能不全和全麻方式是老年髋部骨折患者住院期间新发术后心血管并发症的相关危险因素(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.06~1.17,P0.001)、心脏疾病(OR=1.98,95%CI 1.02~3.85,P=0.045)、脑血管疾病(OR=2.14,95%CI 1.06~4.32,P=0.033)、高血压(OR=2.61,95%CI 1.23~5.51,P=0.012)、糖尿病(OR=2.06,95%CI 1.04~4.09,P=0.039)和肾功能不全(OR=17.42,95%CI 3.69~82.80,P0.001)是髋部骨折患者住院期间术后新发心血管并发症的独立危险因素。结论年龄、心脏疾病、脑血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病和肾功能不全可作为老年髋部骨折患者住院期间新发心血管并发症的预警因素。     

影响老年髋部骨折病人术后自理能力恢复的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响老年髋部骨折病人术后自理能力恢复的危险因素。方法回顾性分析西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院2017年6月至2018年12月收治的195例老年髋部骨折病人的临床资料,并通过门诊复查、电话询问和社区走访等方式获取病人术后康复信息,根据病人术后1年的Barthel指数将病人分为不能自理组(Barthel指数评分≤60分)和基本自理组(Barthel指数评分>60分)。先采用单因素分析筛选危险因素,再通过多因素Logistic回归确定独立危险因素。结果 195例病人中,不能自理组65例,基本自理组130例。单因素分析显示年龄、美国麻醉医师协会(America Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级、术前合并内科疾病种类、受伤至手术时间、术前血浆白蛋白、血红蛋白、居住环境、术后是否行抗骨质疏松治疗、术后是否于康复机构康复均与老年髋部骨折术后自理能力恢复有关(P均<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示高龄[OR=1.326,95%CI(1.036,1.096),P=0.025]是老年髋部骨折病人术后自理能力恢复的独立危险因素,术前血浆...     

老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的危险因素分析

目的: 探讨老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的发生率及其相关危险因素为预防再次骨折提供依据。方法: 回顾分析2012年6月至2017年6月接受髋关节置换术或股骨近端髓内钉固定术治疗的65岁以上股骨颈骨折或转子间骨折452例患者的临床资料,男168例,女284例;年龄65~97(75.5±7.5)岁;股骨颈骨折191例,股骨转子间骨折261例;按照术后健侧髋部是否存在骨折,分为骨折组和无骨折组,记录两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨折类型、初次治疗方式、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后是否短期谵妄、伤前是否并存内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分。应用单因素Logostic回归分析筛选出术后健侧骨折的危险因素,再将有统计学意义的危险因素纳入多因素Logostic回归分析,筛选出老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素。结果: 452例患者中42例发生健侧髋部骨折,发生率为9.3%,两次骨折发生相隔时间平均(2.9±2.1)年。单因素Logistic回归分析结果示年龄、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后短期谵妄、伤前合并内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示年龄(OR=4.227)、骨密度(OR=4.313)、合并内科疾病(OR=5.616),以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低(OR=3.891),是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论: 年龄、骨密度、合并内科疾病以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的主要危险因素,术后3年内要加强内科疾病的治疗,抗骨质疏松,改善髋关节功能,以预防健侧髋部骨折的发生。     

老年患者髋部骨折术后肺部并发症的危险因素

目的采用巢式病例-对照研究分析老年髋部骨折患者术后肺部并发症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2014年12月诊治的老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料,对其中术后新发生肺部并发症的56例患者(研究组),采用巢式病例-对照研究的方法,按照1∶6匹配同期同类未发生肺部并发症的336例患者(对照组),探讨性别、年龄、术前并存疾病(心脏疾病、高血压、肺部疾病、糖尿病、脑血管疾病和慢性肾脏疾病)、术前卧床时间、手术方式、麻醉方法、失血量和手术时间对术后肺部并发症的影响。结果 572例老年髋部骨折患者中,56例术后新发肺部并发症,单因素分析显示,研究组年龄明显大于对照组(P0.05),术前合并肺部疾病、髓外固定术、全身麻醉比例明显高于对照组(P0.05),术前卧床时间明显长于对照组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.07～1.18,P0.001)、术前合并肺部疾病(OR=3.30,95%CI 1.34～8.15,P=0.010)、术前卧床时间延长(OR=1.29,95%CI 1.15～1.44,P0.001)、髓外固定术(OR=5.69,95%CI 2.10～15.39,P=0.001)和全身麻醉(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.05～4.40,P=0.036)是老年髋部骨折患者术后新发肺部并发症的独立危险因素。结论高龄、术前合并肺部疾病、术前卧床时间延长、髓外固定术和全身麻醉可以作为老年髋部骨折患者术后新发肺部并发症的独立危险因素,针对危险因素进行干预或可降低术后肺部并发症的发生。     

Clinical risk factors for hip fracture in elderly women: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the strength of the association between clinical risk factors and hip fracture occurrence in elderly women. DESIGN: A case-control study. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Medical and social characteristics of 159 women with a first hip fracture (cases) were compared with 159 women without a hip fracture (controls) who were matched on age and residence. METHODS: Using conditional logistic regression modeling, the odds ratio (OR) and the 95 percent confidence interval (95 percent CI) were estimated as measures of the relative hip fracture risk. RESULTS: The highest hip fracture risk was associated with the self-perceived safety of the residence at the time of injury: if it were thought that the residence was not adequately equipped to allow safe motion or to perform the activities of daily living safely, this was associated with an almost sixfold increase in hip fracture risk (OR 5.8, 95 percent CI 2.5 to 13.4). The hip fracture risk was also increased by a report of two or more other fractures before the first hip fracture (OR 2.6, 95 percent CI 1.1 to 6.3), any tendency to fall within one year of the injury date (OR 2.3, 95 percent CI 1.8 to 4.1), and the chronic use of psychotropic drugs (OR 2.0, 95 percent CI 1.1 to 3.7). In contrast, ability to read a newspaper was protective against hip fracture (OR 0.3, 95 percent CI 0.2 to 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that these factors may be useful for an easy identification of women at high risk for hip fracture in the short term and, thus, who should benefit in priority from hip fracture prevention strategies.     

Incidence and risk factors of hip fractures in Japanese elderly women

A fracture survey on osteoporotics was performed in Tottori Prefecture during the period from 1986 to 1988. The incidence of fractures of the hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus was lower among Japanese than among European or North American whites by comparing our results with those reported previously in other countries. A retrospective case control study was performed in patients with and without hip fractures, and we concluded that hip fractures have been related to various lifestyle variables.     

Contralateral hip fractures and other osteoporosis-related fractures in hip fracture patients: incidence and risk factors. An observational cohort study of 1,229 patients

Purpose

To report risk factors, 1-year and overall risk for a contralateral hip and other osteoporosis-related fractures in a hip fracture population.

Methods

An observational study on 1,229 consecutive patients of 50?years and older, who sustained a hip fracture between January 2005 and June 2009. Fractures were scored retrospectively for 2005–2008 and prospectively for 2008–2009. Rates of a contralateral hip and other osteoporosis-related fractures were compared between patients with and without a history of a fracture. Previous fractures, gender, age and ASA classification were analysed as possible risk factors.

Results

The absolute risk for a contralateral hip fracture was 13.8?%, for one or more osteoporosis-related fracture(s) 28.6?%. First-, second- and third-year risk for a second hip fracture was 2, 1 and 0?%. Median (IQR) interval between both hip fractures was 18.5 (26.6) months. One-year incidence of other fractures was 6?%. Only age was a risk factor for a contralateral hip fracture, hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (1.006–1.042, p?=?0.008). Patients with a history of a fracture (33.1?%) did not have a higher incidence of fractures during follow-up (16.7?%) than patients without fractures in their history (14?%). HR for a contralateral hip fracture for the fracture versus the non-fracture group was 1.29 (0.75–2.23, p?=?0.360).

Conclusion

The absolute risk of a contralateral hip fracture after a hip fracture is 13.8?%, the 1-year risk was 2?%, with a short interval between the 2 hip fractures. Age was a risk factor for sustaining a contralateral hip fracture; a fracture in history was not.     

高龄髋部骨折行人工髋关节置换术后患者再入院危险因素分析

目的:探讨高龄髋部骨折行人工髋关节置换术后患者再入院的发生率及危险因素分析。方法:回顾性分析2015年2月至2020年10月接受人工髋关节置换的高龄髋部骨折患者237例,根据患者术后3个月再入院情况分为两组,其中再入院组39例,男7例,女32例,年龄(84.59±4.34)岁;未再入院组198例,男34例,女164例,年龄(84.65±4.17)岁。将两组患者的一般资料、手术情况、髋关节Harris评分和并发症纳入单因素分析,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析患者再入院的独立危险因素。结果:再入院组中合并症(脑梗死和冠心病)的比例明显高于未再入院组(P<0.05),再入院组中术中出血量明显高于未再入院组(P<0.05),髋关节Harris评分明显低于未再入院组(P<0.05)。在并发症方面,再入院组发生感染、谵妄、关节脱位、贫血和静脉血栓形成的比例明显高于未再入院组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄髋部骨折行人工髋关节置换术后患者再入院危险因素包括脑梗死、感染、谵妄、关节脱位、贫血和静脉血栓形成(P<0.05)。结论:高龄髋部骨折行人工髋关节置换术后再入院的患者并发症明显高于未再入院患者,脑梗死、感染、谵妄、关节脱位、贫血和静脉血栓形成是导致患者再入院的危险因素,临床可根据这些危险因素采取相应的干预措施,以此减低患者再入院的发生率。     

External hip protectors are effective for the elderly with higher-than-average risk factors for hip fractures

Summary  In our cluster randomised controlled trial for efficacy of hip protector with 672 ambulatory elderly women, a hip protector was more effective for prevention of hip fractures in residents with fall history (n = 202; hazard ratio (HR), 0.375; 95%CI, 0.14–0.98; p = 0.05) and body-mass index (BMI) ≤ 19.0 (n = 206; HR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.14–0.95; p = 0.04) by a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Introduction  Hip fractures result from both osteoporosis and falling. A potentially cost-effective method of preventing hip fractures involves the use of hip protectors but recent studies have revealed the uncertain effectiveness of hip protectors even in institutional settings. Methods  This study was a cluster randomised controlled trial with nursing homes. We randomly assigned 76 homes with 672 ambulatory but frail elderly women. Several risk factors were assessed at baseline and incorporated into a Cox proportional hazards regression model. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number is UMIN000000467. Research period was between January 2004 and March 2006. Results  In the intervention group, 19 hip fractures occurred (54.0/1,000 person-years), whereas 39 hip fractures occurred in the control group (78.8/1,000 person-years). Hazard ratio of hip fracture in the intervention group was 0.56 (95%CI, 0.31–1.03; p = 0.06) after adjusting for risk factors. In subgroup analysis, hip protectors were more effective for prevention of hip fractures in residents with fall history (n = 202; HR, 0.375; 95%CI, 0.14–0.98; p = 0.05) and BMI ≤ 19.0 (n = 206; HR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.14–0.95; p = 0.04). Overall compliance with use of hip protectors was 79.7%. Conclusion  Risk of hip fracture can be reduced by hip protectors among elderly women with fall history and low BMI.     

Assessment of risk factors for second hip fractures in Japanese elderly

In an attempt to identify a cohort with a high risk of suffering a fracture of the contralateral hip (second hip fracture), we assessed patients who had suffered hip fracture. A total of 714 patients (130 men and 584 women) were prospectively followed to determine those who suffered a second hip fracture. Pathologic hip fractures and fractures that emerged from high-energy trauma were excluded from the analysis. Age, gender, Singh Index (SI), fracture type, cognitive impairment, and comorbid medical conditions were investigated as medical predictors. The 714 patients were observed for 1,579.5 person-years (mean: 2.4±1.4 years per patient). During the observation period, 45 second hip fractures were identified (bilateral group), giving an overall incidence of 0.029 per person-year. The annual incidence rate declined linearly from the occasion of the initial fracture. Furthermore, the second hip fracture tended to occur increasingly within 8 months after the initial hip fracture. The second hip fracture was of the same type (trochanteric or cervical) in 79% of the trochanteric and 71% of the cervical fractures. There was no significant difference in the incidence of second hip fracture by gender or age. In addition, there was no significant difference in the distribution of SI grades of the unfractured hip at the initial hip fracture between the 669 patients who had not suffered a second hip fracture (unilateral group) and the bilateral group. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that increased risk of a second hip fracture was associated with senile dementia and Parkinsons disease. We concluded that careful follow-up of hip fracture patients associated with senile dementia and Parkinsons disease might effectively prevent the incidence of a second hip fracture.     

Risk factors for contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients with previous hip fracture

Introduction

Contra-lateral hip fractures in elderly patients with a previous hip fracture increase the incidence of complications and socioeconomic burden. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in elderly patients.

Materials and methods

Among 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture, 47 patients sustained a contra-lateral hip fracture. These patients were compared with 141 patients with a unilateral hip fracture (controls).

Results

The incidence of contra-lateral hip fracture was 4.3% among the 1093 patients treated for a hip fracture at our institute. A contra-lateral hip fracture occurred within 2 years of initial fracture in 66%, and subsequently, the annual incidence rate decreased. A similar fracture pattern was noted in 70% of patients who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture. In terms of preoperative factors, respiratory disease (OR 2.57, P = 0.032) and visual impairment (OR 2.51, P = 0.012) were higher in patients with a contra-lateral hip fracture than in controls, and for postoperative factors, the proportions of patients with postoperative delirium (OR 2.91, P = 0.022), late onset of rehabilitation (OR 1.05, P = 0.023), and poor ambulatory status at 3 months (OR 1.34, P = 0.002) were also significantly higher in patients than in controls.

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium and underlying visual impairment and respiratory disease could be risk factors of contra-lateral fracture in elderly patients. Early and active rehabilitation after surgery is important to prevent the occurrence of contra-lateral hip fracture in the elderly.