肺结节对结直肠癌病人的意义

摘要目的结/直肠癌病人X线摄影发现小的肺结节时比较麻烦,因为这些肺结节的发现增加了肿瘤发生转移的可能。本研究试图确定结/直肠癌病人初期发现肺结节后合适的影像学随访时间。方法回顾分析376例结/直肠癌病人行手术治疗后,初期和随访胸部X线平片和CT检查的记录。结果本次研究共纳入92例病人的胸部X线平片和胸部CT,所有病人在初次检查时发现了至少一个肺结节,且未见合并其他肿瘤。     

18F-FDGPET/CT代谢显像在结直肠癌患者孤立性肺结节中的应用

【摘要】目的：探讨18F-FDGPET/CT显像对结直肠癌患者孤立性肺结节的临床诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理诊断为结直肠癌（CRC）且PET/CT显像发现孤立性肺结节的59例患者的病例资料,其中男36例,女23例,年龄33~91岁,中位年龄（58.4±13.3）岁。分析SPN的部位、直径、最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）,依据病灶的SUVmax值及CT形态特征综合判定病灶的性质,并与最终诊断结果（组织病理学诊断或长期临床随访结果）进行对照分析。结果：59例中32例最终诊断为恶性SPN,其中27例PET/CT显示为阳性;良性SPN27例,24例PET/CT显示为阴性。PET/CT对于结直肠癌患者SPN的诊断敏感度、特异度、符合率及阳性和阴性预测值分别为84.38%、88.89%、86.44%、90.00%及82.76%。恶性SPN的平均直径为（13.00±6.46）mm,良性SPN为（5.48±6.48）mm,两组间差异有统计学意义（t=－4.448,P<0.001）直径为5.5mm时具有最大诊断效能。恶性SPN的SUVmax为3.30±2.17,良性SPN为1.19±1.30,两组间差异有统计学意义（t=－4.609,P<0.001）,以SUVmax值1.15作为诊断良恶性结节的阈值时诊断效能最大。患者的年龄和病灶的发生部位对SPN良恶性的判断无统计学意义。结论：18F-FDGPET/CT显像对于结直肠癌患者孤立性肺结节的检出及良恶性判断具有很高的敏感性和特异性,当结节直径大于5.5mm或SUVmax大于1.15时提示病灶为恶性可能性较大。     

拟诊肺癌患者肺额外结节切除术前介入定位

目的 探讨CT引导微弹簧圈定位电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)切除拟诊肺癌患者肺部额外小结节病灶的价值.方法 对11例拟诊肺癌患者的肺部额外小结节行CT引导下微弹簧圈术前定位.微弹簧圈前端位于靶病灶旁,尾部留置于胸膜表面.之后24 h内行VATS切除,进行肺部主要病灶与额外靶病灶的手术及病理综合评估,选择合适的手术方式进行切除.结果 VATS成功切除术前定位的11个肺小结节病灶(直径4~15 mm),9个病灶的定位用微弹簧圈留尾于肺脏层胸膜表面.定位操作均无严重并发症出现.手术另外切除包含11个肺部主要病灶的16个肺内病灶,获得肺内病灶全面的手术及病理评估结果.结论 微弹簧圈术前定位方法为VATS完成切除并评估拟诊肺癌患者肺内多发病灶提供新的思路.     

Solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with extrapulmonary neoplasms

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of single lung metastasis, primary lung cancer, and benign lesions in patients with a solitary lung nodule and a primary extrapulmonary neoplasm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated the electronic charts of 149 patients with an extrapulmonary malignant neoplasm and a solitary pulmonary nodule. The histologic characteristics of the nodule were correlated with those of the extrapulmonary neoplasm and with patient age and smoking history. RESULTS: Patients with carcinomas of the head and neck, bladder, breast, cervix, bile ducts, esophagus, ovary, prostate, or stomach were more likely to have primary bronchogenic carcinoma than lung metastasis (ratio, 25:3 for patients with head and neck cancers; 26:8 for patients with other types of cancer combined). Patients with carcinomas of the salivary glands, adrenal gland, colon, parotid gland, kidney, thyroid gland, thymus, or uterus had fairly even odds (ratio, 13:16). Patients with melanoma, sarcoma, or testicular carcinoma were more likely to have a solitary metastasis than a bronchogenic carcinoma (ratio, 23:9). Thirty patients had a benign nodule. There was substantial overlap in age distribution among the patients with benign disease, lung cancer, and metastasis, although no patient younger than 44 years had a lung cancer. Smokers had a 3.5-fold higher chance of developing lung cancer compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: The likelihood of a primary lung cancer versus a metastasis depends on the histologic characteristics of the extrapulmonary neoplasm and the patient's smoking history.     

Incidental detection of colon cancer by FDG positron emission tomography in patients examined for pulmonary nodules

PURPOSE: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging has been used extensively to diagnose cancer with high rates of sensitivity and specificity. One of its applications is to distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. It is common to observe colonic uptake on whole-body FDG-PET images. Because patients with lung cancer also tend to be in the age group with the highest incidence of colon cancer, the authors tried to assess the efficacy of FDG-PET for detecting occult colon cancer in patients referred for the evaluation of lung nodules. METHODS: The records of 500 consecutive patients referred for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules were reviewed retrospectively. Among the patients, 197 had no previous clinical or radiographic evidence of abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, and none had been found to have any cancer before undergoing an FDG-PET study. All colon lesions were verified either by histologic analysis or by clinical course. RESULTS: Among the 197 patients analyzed, 59 had diffuse colonic uptake in various segments of the colon. Seventeen of the patients had focal colonic uptake, five of which were proved to be colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The routine use of FDG PET to characterize lung lesions significantly increases the probability of detecting unexpected extrathoracic disease. In these patients, the incidental finding of colon cancer had an important effect on their treatment and may prove to be very cost-effective.     

Incidence of pulmonary nodules detected by computed tomography in patients with bronchial carcinoma

Computed tomography (CT) is more sensitive in detecting pulmonary nodules than conventional chest radiography. The incidence of pulmonary nodules on thoracic CT scans, not visible on chest radiographs, in patients with small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus (SCCB) was 27%, and in patients with non-small-cell carcinoma (non-SCCB) the incidence was 28%. Some of these nodules may be malignant. This has implications for the surgical staging of patients with lung cancer in the United Kingdom, where there is a lower incidence of benign granulomatous nodules than in the USA.     

Clinical management of the benign cytological report in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules

The clinical value of the benign cytological report was evaluated in 65 patients with a peripheral solitary pulmonary nodule. The cytological report suggesting a specific benign diagnosis (hamartoma, tuberculoma, carcinoid) was of decisive clinical value in 47 patients. In 18 patients the cytological report only suggested the presence of benign cellular elements and was of limited or even misleading clinical value and comprising two false negative reports. It is concluded, that the benign cytological report suggesting a specific lesion is of decisive clinical value, whereas a cytological report only suggesting benign cellular elements should prompt repuncture or surgical biopsy.     

Predictive factors for malignancy in incidental pulmonary nodules detected in breast cancer patients at baseline CT

Objectives

Pulmonary nodules are commonly encountered at staging CTs in patients with extrathoracic malignancies, but their significance on a per-patient basis remains uncertain.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective analysis of pulmonary nodules identified in patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer from 2010 – 2015, evaluating nodules present at a baseline CT (i.e. prevalent nodules). We reviewed 211 patients with 248 individual nodules.

Results

The rate of malignancy in prevalent nodules is low, approximately 13 %. Variables associated with metastasis include pleural studding, hilar lymphadenopathy and the presence of extrapulmonary metastasis, as well as number of nodules, nodule size and nodule shape. Using a combination of these factors, we have developed an evidence-based multivariate decision tree to predict which nodules are malignant in these patients, which is 91 % accurate and 100 % sensitive for metastasis.

Conclusions

We propose a simplified clinical prediction algorithm to guide radiologists and oncologists in managing patients with breast cancer and incidental pulmonary nodules.

Key points

? Incidental pulmonary nodules are common on computed tomography in breast cancer patients. ? Nodules present at baseline have a lower malignancy risk than incident nodules. ? We present an evidence-based decision algorithm predicting which nodules are likely malignant. ? This algorithm can help direct patient management.

     

Primary pulmonary amyloidosis with multiple nodules

A 61-year old asymptomatic woman had a five-year history of pulmonary nodular lesions on routine radiographs. She underwent open lung biopsy, which revealed nodular lesions in the lungs and thickened pleura. Histological examination showed amyloid deposits in the pulmonary parenchyma and adjacent pleura. Congo Red staining of the specimen demonstrated green birefringence under polarized light. This affinity for Congo Red dye remained after potassium permanganate treatment, suggesting primary amyloidosis. Multiple nodular amyloidosis of the lungs should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules.     

Indeterminate pulmonary subsolid nodules in patients with no history of cancer: growing prediction,CT pattern,and pathological diagnosis

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate and compare the growth patterns among pathological types of indeterminate subsolid nodules in patients without a history of cancer as observed on computed ­tomography (CT).MethodsThis retrospective study included 77 consecutive patients with 80 indeterminate subsolid nodules on unenhanced thin-section CT. Subsolid nodules were classified into 2 growth pattern groups based on volume: growth (n = 35) and non-growth (n = 42). According to the pathological diagnosis, subsolid nodules were further subdivided into 3 groups: adenocarcinoma in situ (growth, n = 8 vs. non-growth, n = 22), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (n = 14 vs. n = 15), and invasive adenocarcinoma (n = 13 vs. n = 5). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for subsolid nodules growth. The CT findings of the 35 subsolid nodules in the growth group were compared among the 3 pathological groups.ResultsIn the growth group, the overall mean volume doubling time and mass doubling time (MDT) were 811.5 days and 616.5 days, respectively. Patient’s age (odds ratio = 1.041, P = .045) and CT subtype of non-solid nodule and part-solid nodule (odds ratio = 3.430, P = .002) could predict subsolid nodule growth. The baseline volume, mass, and mean CT value were larger in the invasive adenocarcinoma group than in the adenocarcinoma in situ group (all P < .01). The shortest volume doubling time was observed in the invasive adenocarcinoma group, followed by the minimally invasive adenocarcinoma group and the adenocarcinoma in situ group. A shorter mass doubling time was observed in the minimally invasive adenocarcinoma group than in the adenocarcinoma in situ group (all P < .02).ConclusionAs age increases, the risk of pulmonary subsolid nodule growth increases by 4% each year, and part-solid nodules have a 3 times higher risk of growth compared to non-solid nodules in patients with no history of cancer. Subsolid nodules with more aggressive pathological characteristics grow at a faster rate.

Main points

• Imaging growth patterns of pathological types of pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) as indeterminate lesions observed on chest computed tomography (CT) in routine workflows were evaluated and compared among patients without a history of cancer.
• Pulmonary SSNs on CT scans could be classified into growth or non-growth imaging patterns; the growth pattern tends to have invasive pathology, while the non-growth pattern is indicative of non-invasive findings.
• The risk of pulmonary SSN growth increases with age; SSNs with more aggressive pathological characteristics grow at a faster rate, and part-solid nodules are more likely to grow compared with non-solid nodules.
• The imaging growth patterns observed on the pre-surgical chest CT scans in this study can potentially assist radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons in managing indeterminate SSNs in clinical practice.

Incidentally detected pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) can commonly present as indeterminate nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) in routine workflows. Pulmonary SSNs can be divided into non-solid nodules (NSNs) and part-solid nodules (PSNs) according to the absence or presence of internal solid components on thin-section CT, respectively.^1,2 Subsolid nodules can be benign or malignant; most benign SSNs can be radiologically diagnosed based on whether the lesion resolves on follow-up CT scans, while a few persistent SSNs must be surgically confirmed as focal organizing pneumonia and non-specific interstitial fibrosis.³ Pulmonary SSNs that persist after a follow-up period of 3-6 months have a high likelihood of being premalignant or malignant lesions, and many authors consider persistent SSNs to represent early-stage adenocarcinoma or its precursor.^3-5 However, it is still important to determine the following: (1) the growth patterns of radiologically malignant SSNs, (2) what growth patterns can be identified on imaging, and (3) whether the imaging pattern corresponds to the pathological type.Previous studies on the growth patterns of pulmonary SSNs have some limitations. Some did not observe any growth because of the short follow-up period,^6-8 and other studies included patients both with and without a history of cancer, even though cancer history appears to be a risk factor for pulmonary SSN growth.^9-11 A few studies did not share these limitations, but postoperative pathological data were obtained for only a limited number of patients, so the influence of pathological type on pulmonary SSNs could not be comprehensively determined.^12,13The present study evaluated the risk of the growth of indeterminate SSNs in patients without a history of cancer and compared the growth pattern on CT with the pathological type.     

The value of FDG-PET/CT in assessing single pulmonary nodules in patients at high risk of lung cancer

Purpose  To evaluate whether PET/low-dose CT (ldCT) using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) improves characterization of indeterminate single pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in patients at high risk of lung cancer. Methods  Retrospective analysis of 307 patients who underwent FDG-PET/CT for indeterminate SPNs identified 93 (70 men, age range 46–90 years) at high risk of lung cancer (age >40 years, minimum 10 pack-year smokers). SPNs were evaluated for the presence and intensity of FDG avidity and ldCT patterns. The performance of visual and semiquantitative FDG-PET/ldCT algorithms for characterization of SPNs was compared to that of ldCT. Incongruent FDG-PET and ldCT patterns were analyzed for significance in further patient management. Results  Malignancy was diagnosed in 38% patients. FDG avidity defined 33 SPNs as true-positive (TP) and 2 as false-negative (FN) (malignant), and 41 as true-negative (TN) and 17 as false-positive (FP) (benign). For SUVmax of 2.2 (by ROC analysis) there were 27 TP, 8 FN, 48 TN and 10 FP SPNs. LdCT defined 34 TP, 1 FN, 28 TN and 30 FP lesions. Of the FP lesions on ldCT, 60% were FDG-negative. Visual PET/ldCT analysis had a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 70%, an accuracy of 80%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 66%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95% as compared to 77%, 83%, 81%, 73%, 86% for semiquantitative PET/ldCT and 97%, 48%, 66%, 53%, 96% for ldCT, respectively. Both PET/ldCT algorithms had statistically significantly higher specificity and accuracy than ldCT. Semiquantitative analysis showed significantly higher PPV and lower sensitivity and NPV than found with ldCT. Conclusion  A single screening procedure encompassing FDG-PET and ldCT may improve screening for lung cancer in high-risk patients. The significantly improved specificity may potentially reduce FP ldCT results and further unnecessary invasive procedures.     

CT表现为肺内纯磨玻璃样患者浸润性腺癌的影响因素

 目的 探讨CT表现为肺内纯磨玻璃样患者浸润性腺癌的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析CT表现为肺内纯磨玻璃样结节(pure ground glass nodule, pGGN)且经手术病理确诊的81例病例,根据手术病理分为非浸润性腺癌组(38例)和浸润性腺癌组(43例),对病灶最大径及CT值行受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析,比较两组临床及CT特征的差异并logistic回归分析浸润性腺癌独立影响因素。结果 ROC曲线显示预测浸润性腺癌的最佳临界值为病灶最大径15.5 mm和CT值-575 Hu,病灶最大径(AUC=0.897)的诊断效能大于CT值(AUC=0.701),两者联合诊断效能更佳。两组在病灶最大径、CT值、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、血管集束征差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在性别、年龄、位置、胸膜凹陷征、支气管充气征、血管穿行及肺-瘤界面差异无统计学意义,logistic回归分析(后退法)显示病灶最大径≥15.5 mm、分叶征及CT值≥-575 Hu为浸润性肺腺癌独立影响因素。结论 pGGN浸润性腺癌多具有分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征集血管集束征等征象,最大径＞15.5 mm,CT值＞-575 Hu及分叶征为其独立危险因素,可为临床手术治疗提供依据。     

Frequency and significance of pulmonary nodules on thin-section CT in patients with extrapulmonary malignant neoplasms

Purpose

To determine the frequency and significance of pulmonary nodules detected on thin-section CT in patients with extrapulmonary malignant neoplasms.

Materials and methods

The institutional review board approved this study. This study retrospectively evaluated 308 patients with extrapulmonary carcinomas or sarcomas and had undergone thin-section chest CT (2 mm slice thickness) for staging. Three radiologists identified non-calcified nodules and evaluated the size, the growth and the distance from the nearest pleural surface. The characteristics of the nodules were defined based on the results of either a diagnostic biopsy or nodule growth.

Results

One or more non-calcified pulmonary nodules were detected in 75% of the patients (233/308). One hundred and thirty-seven of these patients had nodules that met the criteria of either benign or malignant nodules. Nodules smaller than 10 mm were more likely to be benign, whereas those 10 mm or greater were more likely to be malignant (22/26, 85%; P < .0001). Most nodules less than 10 mm from the pleura were benign (91%), whereas approximately half of the nodules 10 mm or more away from the pleura were malignant (20/43, 47%; P < .0001). Patients with melanoma, sarcoma, or testicular carcinoma were more likely to have malignant nodules. A multivariable analysis demonstrated the nodule size (P < .0001) and distance from the pleura were predictive of malignancy.

Conclusion

The nodule detection rate on thin-section CT in patients with extrapulmonary malignancy is high. Most of the nodules smaller than 10 mm or less than 10 mm from the pleura are benign.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer: midterm results in 27 patients

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the midterm outcomes (eg, safety, local efficacy, and survival) after radiofrequency (RF) ablation for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (19 men and eight women; mean age, 61.6 years) with 49 pulmonary metastases (mean long axis diameter, 1.5 cm) from colorectal cancer underwent 41 percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided RF ablation sessions. Follow-up examinations were performed with CT by using contrast medium administration in all patients; positron emission tomography was performed in five patients. The safety of the procedure, local tumor control, and patient survival were evaluated. Multiple variables were analyzed to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred after 20 of the 41 sessions (49%), three of which necessitated chest tube placement. A small pleural effusion was found after six of the 41 sessions (15%). No major hemorrhagic event was observed. None of the patients died due to the procedure. The median follow-up period was 20.1 months (range, 11.2-47.7 months). The primary and secondary technique effectiveness rates were 72% and 85%, respectively, at 1 year, 56% and 62% at 2 years, and 56% and 62% at 3 years. The overall survival rates after RF ablation were 96% at 1 year, 54% at 2 years, and 48% at 3 years. The presence of extrapulmonary metastasis was determined to be a prognostic factor (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The midterm outcomes of percutaneous RF ablation for colorectal pulmonary metastases appear promising. The presence of extrapulmonary metastasis had an adverse effect on survival after RF ablation.     

CT colonography for synchronous colorectal lesions in patients with colorectal cancer: initial experience

Aim

To assess accuracy of CT colonography (CTC) in identifying synchronous lesions in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Methods

This study included 174 consecutive patients undergoing CTC as part of staging or primary investigation where a colorectal cancer was diagnosed between 2004 and 2007. Prone unenhanced and portal phase enhanced supine series with air or CO₂ distension were acquired using 4- or 16-slice CT (Toshiba) and read by 2D ± 3D formats. Synchronous lesions were classified according to American College of Radiology’s (ACR) polyp classification. Segmental gold standard was flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy within 1 year and/or histology of colonic resection supplemented by follow-up. Nine patients without gold standard were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated on a per polyp, per patient and per segment basis and discrepancies analysed.

Results

Direct comparable data were available for 764/990 colonic segments from 165 patients. Of 41 (C2–C4) synchronous lesions on “gold standard”, 33 were correctly identified on virtual colonoscopy (VC), overall per polyp sensitivity was 80.5%, with detection rates of 20/24 C3 (83.3%) and 3/3 C4 (100%) with per patient and per segment specificity of 95.4% and 99.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

CTC is an accurate technique to assess for significant synchronous lesions in patients with colorectal cancer and is applicable for total pre-operative colonic visualisation.     

孤立性肺结节的CT诊断

孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodules,SPN)是指肺内单发的直径≤3cm的圆形或类圆形病灶,不伴有肺炎、肺不张等其它病变[1],自有CT以来,对SPN的研究报告较多,但诊断的特异性仍未有显著性提高[2~7]。我院对SPN 52例行CT检查,分析报告如下。1材料与方法1.1临床资料2001年8月~2005年8月间52例中,男28例,女24例,年龄24~84岁,平均年龄52岁。主要症状为咳嗽、痰中带血、胸闷或胸痛,其中19例为健康体检发现。所有病例均经手术、穿刺活检或随访证实。1.2检查方法使用东芝Asteion螺旋CT机,常规扫描全肺,层厚10mm,螺距1·0,对病灶部位进行…     

TMPO基因表达对肺癌患者临床预后的影响

 目的 探讨TMPO基因对肺癌患者预后的影响。方法 检索并下载NCBI的肿瘤公共数据集,分析肺癌基因表达谱资料及临床信息,明确TMPO基因在正常肺组织和肺癌组织中的表达差异,并利用基因集富集分析方法(GSEA)进一步探讨TMPO基因对肺癌细胞的具体作用机制。结果 TMPO基因在肺癌组织中的相对表达值为0.254 ±0.594,明显高于在正常肺组织中的相对表达值-0.332 ±0.285(P<0.0001 )。TMPO基因高表达肺癌患者的TNM分期明显高于TMPO低表达的肺癌患者(P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P=0.031), TMPO低表达组肺癌患者的无进展生存期(P<0.0001)、总生存期(P<0.0001)结果均优于TMPO高表达组的肺癌患者。TMPO高表达样本富集了与DNA修复、MYC信号通路1、有丝分裂、细胞周期G2M检查点、精子发生、E2F信号通路、MYC信号通路2、mTORC1信号通路相关的基因集。结论 TMPO基因在多种肿瘤中高表达,其通过多种途径来促使肿瘤细胞增殖,进而影响肿瘤患者的临床预后,因此TMPO基因可以作为诊疗肺癌的标志物和潜在靶点。     

肺癌CT普查发现非钙化结节病例8年随访

目的 :评价CT普查中发现的非钙化小结节病例经 8年随访良、恶性病灶的变化和预后 ,以及肺癌组内早期及时手术与延误 2～ 7年再手术的临床预后差别。方法 :1994年～ 2 0 0 2年 3 3 48例无症状者参加了 12 3 69次肺癌CT普查 ,多数每 2年重复 1次。发现小结节后行HRCT检查。对发现肺内非钙化孤立结节灶者进行临床和CT随访 ,结果输入登记处理软件系统。结果 :共发现 12 8例非钙化结节灶 ,83例结节稳定 6～ 8年。已证实肺癌 3 6例 ,其中男 2 5例 ( 2 5 /2 10 0 ) ,女 11例 ( 11/12 48) ;2 0例为吸烟者 ( 2 0 /10 15 ) ,16例为非吸烟者 ;44例接受了手术 ,其中肺癌 3 5例 ,良性病灶 9例。3 6例肺癌中 2 8例至今存活 ,平均生存期超过 6年 ;8例死亡 ,平均生存期 4.5年 ( 1～ 7年 )。 2例误诊的肺癌 6年内由Ⅰ期转变为Ⅲ期 ,于 7年内死亡。结论 :①CT普查发现的Ⅰ期肺癌及部分Ⅱ期肺癌及时手术后可能长期存活 ,至少 8年内与良性结节预后相似 ;②误诊或漏诊的Ⅰ期肺癌大部分可以在 6～ 7年内转移并死亡 ;③ 1～ 2年前CT普查阴性者重复CT普查新发现的孤立结节灶一部分为良性病灶。     

Long-term follow-up of oxaliplatin-induced liver damage in patients with colorectal cancer

Objectives:To report the long-term follow-up data including computed tomography (CT) findings of oxaliplatin-induced liver damage in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods:Three hundred and fifty-six patients who underwent surgery followed by oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (OBC) for colorectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2014 were included. Abdominal CT images and laboratory results (serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total bilirubin, and platelet counts) were reviewed immediately before (as baseline), during, and after adjuvant OBC. Abdominal CT images were reviewed to assess the heterogeneous liver parenchyma, increase in size of the spleen, development of acute portosystemic shunts during OBC, and imaging findings of chronic portal hypertension.Results:During OBC, 90.2% (321/356) of the patients developed parenchymal heterogeneity. Increase in the spleen size during the OBC period was seen in 62.4% (225/356) of patients. The overall rate of development of acute portosystemic shunts during OBC was 23.9% (85/356). These findings were resolved after cessation of OBC except in 1.4% (5/356) of the patients in whom chronic portal hypertension persisted even after completion of OBC. Serum AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels increased and platelet counts decreased during OBC and returned to normal after completion of OBC; however, they did not reach the pre-OBC levels.Conclusion:Although most changes associated with liver damage reversed to normal range after completion of OBC, some parameters did not reverse to the pretreatment level, and chronic portal hypertension developed in a small number of patients.Advances in knowledge:Chronic, persistent oxaliplatin-induced liver damage was not an infrequent complication after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer. It may cause non-cirrhotic portal hypertension and associated complications such as variceal bleeding.