用灯盏乙素定量人血浆中异灯盏乙素的LC/MS/MS方法探讨

目的探讨用灯盏乙素定量人血浆中异灯盏乙素的LC/MS/MS方法。方法用AgiLent SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇∶水∶甲酸(55∶43∶2)。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),以选择反应监测(SRM)方式对灯盏乙素和异灯盏乙素及其苷元进行一级和二级质谱分析,离子反应分别为m/z 463→287和m/z 287→123。结果根据所得色谱和质谱数据,推断灯盏乙素可能的代谢产物和异灯盏乙素的结构,并测定人血浆中异灯盏乙素的浓度。结论用灯盏乙素定量异灯盏乙素的方法是可行的。     

Direct detection of serum psilocin glucuronide by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS: time-courses of total and free (unconjugated) psilocin concentrations in serum specimens of a “magic mushroom” user

Psilocin glucuronide (PCG) was directly identified in serum specimens of a “magic mushroom” user by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS, together with the free (unconjugated) psilocin (PC). A major part of serum PC existed in the conjugated form. To quantify the total (conjugated plus free) PC in serum, enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized using the user’s urine as the source of PCG; PCG in serum could be completely hydrolyzed by Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase. Using the established procedure, both total and free PC in the serum specimens of the user collected at various intervals were quantified. For the first specimen collected 5h after magic mushroom ingestion, 71.0 ng/ml of total PC and 13.3 ng/ml of free PC were detected. The ratio of free PC to total PC decreased with time after ingestion. The β-glucuronidase treatment of serum was found to clearly extend the detectable period of the serum PC; PC could be detected even 52 h after ingestion of magic mushroom.     

Post-mortem detection and identification of sildenafil (Viagra) and its metabolites by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS

The highly putrefied corpse of an 80-year-old man was found in the apartment which he had rented to a prostitute. A package of Viagra 25 was found beside the corpse and three tablets were missing. Autopsy revealed severe coronary artery sclerosis as well as signs of previous myocardial infarctions. For the detection and identification of sildenafil and three metabolites in urine and tissue samples, solid-phase extraction, LC/MS and MS/MS methods were developed. Blood was not available for toxicological analysis due to the putrefaction. For method development, urine from a volunteer who had ingested 25 mg sildenafil was collected over 8 h, and three metabolites were identified by MS/MS. These metabolites were also found in the victim’s urine. These findings prove that sildenafil was taken some time prior to death, but the causality of sildenafil intake and fatal cardiac failure could not be proven, since no blood was available for analysis. However, the administration of sildenafil was contraindicated due to several previous myocardial infarctions. Received: 8 February 2000 / Accepted: 10 June 2000     

LC/MS/MS分析方法测定人血浆中匹多莫德的浓度

目的建立LC/MS/MS测定人血浆中匹多莫德的浓度。方法以舒巴坦为内标,采用甲醇-1%甲酸水溶液(10∶90,v/v)为流动相,以SymmetrySheildC18(3.5μm,20cm×2.1mm)色谱柱为分析柱,通过电喷雾电离源(ESI),以正离子多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z245.2→m/z134.0(匹多莫德),m/z234.0→m/z124.2(舒巴坦)。结果匹多莫德线性范围0.010~20.0mg·L-1,定量下限为0.010mg·L-1(n=5)。日内、日间的RSD均<6.7%,平均回收率>90%。结论本法专属性强,样品处理方便,灵敏度高,适用于匹多莫德临床药动学研究。     

A rapid method for detecting barbiturates in serum using EI-SIM

A simple and rapid method for analysis of barbiturates in serum has been developed. In order to extract and clean barbiturates in serum, a separation column packed with Extrelut and Florisil was used, and the eluate was directly analyzed by means of electron impact selected ion monitoring (EI-SIM). Selected ions used were base peak ions of 10 barbituartes, and the internal standard used was allobarbital or secobarbital. The calibration curves were linear over the range 0.5–5 ng. Extraction of replicate serum samples containing 20 g/1.5 ml and 5 g/1.5 ml resulted in a recovery of 87.2–105.2% and 81.6–104.6%, respectively, with the exception of phenobarbital, which was 151.9% and 172.1%, respectively. Secobarbital was also analyzed in the serum of 13 patients who had been given secobarbital intravenously. In 3 out of 10 cases, Secobarbital levels greater than 1 g/ml were detected more than 72 h after administration. This method seems to have possibilities for clinical use.Paper presented at the 2nd International Symposium ADVANCES IN LEGAL MEDICINE, Berlin, Germany, August 30–September 1, 1993     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中拉米夫定浓度

 目的 试图建立测定人血浆中拉米夫定浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法.方法 以吉西他滨为内标,内标法定量.流动相:甲醇-10 mmol/L乙酸铵(12: 88,v/v);质谱采用离子喷雾离子源,扫描方式为多反应监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 230m/z 111.9(拉米夫定)和m/z 263.8m/z 111.9(吉西他滨);药动学参数采用DAS2.0软件处理获得.结果 拉米夫定和内标吉西他滨的保留时间分别为2.9 min和2.4 min;拉米夫定的线性范围为0.0100~2.0000 μg/ml ,r=0.9996,回归方程:Y=0.0032X+0.0003,最低检测浓度为0.0100 μg/ml;提取回收率为95%～105%范围内;日内日间精密度RSD<6%.结论 此法适合人体血浆拉米夫定浓度的监测及生物利用度研究,结果准确、可靠.     

LC／MS／MS法测定中国健康志愿者血浆中瑞舒伐他汀浓度及药动学

目的 建立人血浆中瑞舒伐他汀的液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用测定方法，研究中国健康人体药代动力学。方法 以氢氯噻嗪为内标物，采用液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法，电喷雾电离源选择性正离子峰检测。测30名健康男性志愿者单剂量口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片的体内血药浓度，获得药动学参数。结果 口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片5、10、20mg后的主要药代学参数：达峰时间Tmax分别为（3．10±0．99）、（2．00±0．82）、（3．40±1．58）h；峰值血浆浓度Cmax分别为（8．32±2．44）、（14．8±3、97）、（20．1±5．0）ng·ml^-1；药时曲线下面积AUC0-∞分别为（77．0±22．6）、（153±38）、（270±61）ng·h·ml^-1；AUCo．1分别为（75．8±22．0）、（151±37）、（258±62）ng·h·ml^-1；T1／2分别为（13．0±3．9）、（12．5±3．5）、（18．5±4．9）h。结论 受试者口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片后，在人体内表现为线性药代学特征。     

LC／MS／MS测定比格犬血浆中丁螺环酮浓度及其在药代动力学研究中的应用

目的：建立LC／MS／MS测定比格犬血浆中丁螺环酮的方法,并应用于其缓释制剂药代动力学研究。方法：血浆样品经液-液萃取,内标选用曲马多,色谱柱采用Zorbax SB-C18柱（2．1mm×100mm,3．5μm）;流动相为甲醇-水-甲酸（40：60：0．1）,流速0．2ml／min;用美国Finnigan公司TSQ Quantum型液相色谱-质谱联用仪器,配有电喷雾离子化电离源（ESI）,正离子检测模式,扫描方式为选择反应监测（SRM）,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m／z 386．2→121．97（丁螺环酮）和m／z 264．3→58．0（内标,曲马多）。结果：测定丁螺环酮的线性范围为0．025→7．5μg/L,相关系数为0．99893,提取回收率为72．2％,方法回收率为99．1％,日内日间精密度均小于10．7％,血浆中丁螺环酮的最低定量下限为0．025μg／L。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高,专一性好,成功应用于丁螺环酮缓释制刺的药代动力学研究。     

LC/MS/MS法测定法罗培南血尿药浓度及药动学研究

目的研究法罗培南钠片在健康人体内的药动学及饮食对药动学的影响。方法药动学试验：采用低、中、高三个剂量组的平行试验设计；饮食对人体药动学的影响试验：采用自身对照的双周期交叉试验设计。血浆样品处理后采用LC／MS／MS测定血药浓度。结果空腹po100、200、400mg法罗培南片，主要药动学参数AUC和Cmax随剂量呈线性相关。进餐后影响药物的Tmax和Cmax，其他药动学参数无变化。给予法罗培南在100、200、400mg的剂量，受试者尿中0～24h原形药物的平均累积排泄率分别为4．52％、7．73％和3．28％。结论LC／MS／MS方法操作简单，结果准确，专属性强，灵敏度高，适用于法罗培南人体药动学研究。     

液质联用法测定龙胆水煎剂中三种环烯醚萜的含量

目的利用液质联用（LC／MS／MS）方法测定龙胆水煎剂中环烯醚萜类化合物龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷和马钱苷的含量。方法色谱柱为J’Sphere ODS-H80（150mm×2．0mm，4μm）；流动相为甲醇-10mmol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液（30：70）；流速为200μl／min。样品经电喷雾离子源（ESI）正离子化后，通过三级四极杆串联质谱仪，采用多反应离子监测方式测定样品中龙胆苦苷（m／z 357．2-195．3）、獐牙菜苦苷（m／z 392．1→195．2）和马钱苷（m／z 408．4→229．1）浓度。结果在该分析条件下，3种化合物能够同时进行检测。龙胆苦苷浓度在200～5000ng·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好，回归方程为Y=1．26×10^3X＋2．27×10^3，r=0．9983；獐牙菜苦苷浓度在20-500ng·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好，回归方程为Y=360X＋144，r=0．9991；马钱苷浓度在20-500ng·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好，回归方程为Y=782X＋42．6，r=0．9994。对照品峰面积精密度RSD分别为龙胆苦苷2．52％，獐牙菜苦苷2．77％和马钱苷2．89％；平均加样回收率分别为龙胆苦苷98．2％，獐牙菜苦苷99．1％和马钱苷99．7％。结论该方法灵敏、准确、特异性强。     

一种鉴定飞行员睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的新方法

目的为飞行员的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)提供一种新的、简便、无干扰的鉴定方法。方法用微动敏感床垫式睡眠监测系统(MSMSMS)和多道睡眠图(PSG)对30例SAHS病人、8例疑有SAHS的飞行员和10名健康男性志愿者进行同步对照检测与分析；用MSMSMS检测40名健康、无鼾症飞行员并对其中20名进行重复检验。统计分析MSMSMS检测呼吸事件的敏感性和特异性。结果根据MSMSMS检测的发生睡眠呼吸事件的特征性变化，提出了用MSMSMS判别阻塞性呼吸暂停、睡眠呼吸低通气和中枢性呼吸暂停的标准。所有经MSMSMS诊断为SAHS患者的结果与PSG的诊断结果完全一致。用MSMSMS检测呼吸事件的敏感性为88．6％～94．0％；特异性为86．0％～92．7％。结论MSMSMS能可靠地鉴定飞行员的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征。     

LC/MS/MS法测定家兔血浆和房水中咪哒酚衍生物含量及其药代动力学研究

目的建立准确、灵敏、可靠的LC/MS/MS方法,定量检测家兔血浆和房水中咪哒酚衍生物浓度,并用于家兔给予咪哒酚衍生物滴眼后血浆及房水中药代动力学研究。方法血浆及房水样品经蛋白沉淀前处理,内标选用Amms,液相色谱柱为TOSOHTSKgel Amide,流动相为含0.1%甲酸的甲醇∶水（80∶20,体积比）,仪器选用Finni-gan公司TSQ Quantum型液相色谱-质谱联用仪,采用电喷雾离子化电离源（ESI）,选择反应离子监测（SRM）方式进行正离子检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 381→308（咪哒酚衍生物）和m/z 285→138（Amms）。结果在本实验条件下,咪哒酚衍生物与内标Amms分离良好,保留时间分别为1.48和1.55 min,血浆和房水中药物浓度分别在5~2000和10~10 000 ng/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）分别为0.9971和0.9999,定量下限分别为5和10 ng/ml,回收率均大于80%,日内、日间精密度均小于15%（n=5）。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,专属性好,可用于咪哒酚衍生物在家兔体内的药物代谢动力学研究。     

Simultaneous determination of selegiline,desmethylselegiline, R/S-methamphetamine,and R/S-amphetamine in oral fluid by LC/MS/MS

Forensic Toxicology - It is crucial for forensic analysis to differentiate clinical use from illegal abuse. Selegiline (SG) is mainly metabolized to desmethylselegiline (DM-SG),...     

Rapid and highly sensitive analysis of benzodiazepines and tandospirone in human plasma by automated on-line column-switching UFLC-MS/MS

A high-throughput method was developed for the detection of 31 benzodiazepine drugs and tandospirone in human plasma by on-line column-switching ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples (100 μl) spiked with the 32 drugs and oxazepam-d₅ (internal standard) were diluted with 300 μl of 13.3 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile (33:67, v/v). After centrifugation and filtration, the clear supernatant was injected directly onto the extraction column (Oasis HLB cartridge column). The following procedure was fully automated. The analytes retained on the extraction column were eluted by backflushing of the extraction column and introduced into an analytical column (SUMIPAX ODS D-Swifter column, 30 mm × 3.0 mm i.d.; particle size 2 μm) by column switching. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring with positive-ion electrospray ionization. Distinct peaks appeared for each drug and the internal standard on each channel within 7 min, including the extraction time. All drugs spiked into plasma showed recoveries of 83–95%. The regression equations for the 32 drugs showed excellent linearities in the range of 50–2000 pg/ml of plasma and the limits of detection ranged from 20 to 50 pg/ml. The lower and upper limits of quantitation were 50–100 ng/ml and 2000 pg/ml, respectively. Intra- and interday coefficients of variation for none of the drugs were greater than 13.6%. The accuracies of quantitation were 87–112%. The multiple reaction monitoring information-dependent acquisition of enhanced product ions method enabled the quantification and confirmation of diazepam, triazolam, and lorazepam obtained from actual plasma.     

Quantification of Kryptofix 2.2.2 in 2-[(18)F]FDG and other radiopharmaceuticals by LC/MS/MS.

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of Kryptofix (K-222) in the radiopharmaceuticals of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D-glucose (2-[(18)F]FDG) and 3-(3-((3-fluoropropyl)thio)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyridine (FPTZTP). With an internal standard, the limit of quantitation for K-222 was 1.0 ng/ml. This is so far the most sensitive method for the quantification of K-222. Excellent linearity (RSQ = 0.9997) was obtained over the range of 1.0-100 ng/ml. Good precision and accuracy were also observed. The method is amenable to the validation of radiosynthetic methods.     

A fatal clomipramine intoxication case of a chronic alcoholic patient: application of postmortem hair analysis method of clomipramine and ethyl glucuronide using LC/APCI/MS

Toxicological investigations of postmortem specimens of a 26-year-old man were performed with the use of LC/APCI/MS. They revealed in the blood of the deceased clomipramine (9.49 microg/g) and its main metabolite norclomipramine (1.10 microg/g) at concentrations explaining the fatal outcome. The presence of these xenobiotics in a 12-cm-long strand of hair (clomipramine, 7.60 ng/mg in I segment; 4.19 ng/mg in II segment; 1.86 ng/mg in III segment; norclomipramine, 5.71 ng/mg in I segment; 9.71 ng/mg in II segment; 4.13 ng/mg in III segment) confirmed the fact obtained from the medical history that the deceased had been receiving clomipramine as an antidepressant for 1 year prior to his death. The analysis demonstrated ethanol in autopsy blood (2.5mg/ml) and urine (3.2mg/ml); ethyl glucuronide as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse was detected in the deceased's hair (0.44 ng/mg in I segment; 0.07 ng/mg in II segment; n.d. in III segment). These findings may suggest the contribution of alcohol in the mechanism of drug-ethanol interaction, which in consequence might have affected the biotransformation of clomipramine in the final period of his life and evoked the ultimate toxic effect.     

水中主要毒剂GC／MS／SIM方法的研究

目的：建立同时分析水中７种主要毒剂沙林、梭曼，塔崩，ＧＦ，Ｖｘ、俄罗斯Ｖｘ和芥子气的气－质联用选择离子监测（ＧＳ／ＭＳ／ＳＩＭ）分析方法。为饮用水样的毒剂检测提供切实可行的分析手段。