以眩晕起病的后循环梗死56例临床分析

目的探讨以眩晕起病的后循环梗死患者临床特点,提高对后循环缺血的识别。方法回顾性分析56例以眩晕起病的后循环梗死患者的危险因素、临床表现、颅脑MRI表现和预后。结果本组60岁以上患者45例(80.2%),合并脑血管病常见危险因素51例(91.1%);主要体征为眼震、视力障碍、共济失调、轻偏瘫、面瘫、言语障碍及感觉障碍等;MRI示急性期病灶位于脑干和小脑;预后大多预后良好,而大面积小脑梗死病死率较高。结论对于60岁以上以眩晕为主诉患者,尤其合并脑血管病危险因素的男性患者是后循环缺血的高发人群。     

后循环缺血性脑卒中患者尿酸水平及其他相关危险因素的研究

目的探讨尿酸是否为后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011-02—2017-03入住江苏大学附属医院(江滨医院)神经内科的1 843例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,依据不同梗死部位分为后循环缺血性脑卒中组(658例)和前循环缺血性脑卒中组(1 185例)。采集前后循环缺血性脑卒中患者的相关资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示,2组空腹血糖、尿酸和糖化血红蛋白差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,2组空腹血糖(OR=1.070,P=0.030,95%CI 1.009～1.136)和尿酸(OR=1.299,P=0.034,95%CI 1.198～1.800)差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且空腹血糖高和高尿酸为后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论高尿酸可能是后循环缺血性脑卒中的独立预测危险因素。     

进展性缺血性脑卒中的特征分析

进展性缺血性脑卒中是指脑缺血所致神经症状在起病6h至2w仍逐渐加重,临床常规处理难以逆转其病程,且致残率、死亡率高于一般市中,临床危害大。因此,研究导致卒中进展的相关危险因素,对控制病情有一定的帮助。本文回顾性分析了2006年6月至2009年6月我科缺血性脑卒中住院患者共1052例,其中进展性缺血性脑卒中137例,发生率13．0％。为研究分析进展性缺血性脑卒中发生的特征,     

以眩晕症状为主的急性缺血性卒中临床及影像学特点

目的总结以眩晕为主要症状的急性缺血性卒中的临床和影像学特点并探讨其发病机制。方法回顾分析2014年1月至2017年10月共81例以眩晕为首发症状的急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的临床症状与体征、实验室指标、头部影像学和TOAST病因分型。结果根据眩晕发作类型分为孤立性眩晕组(18例)和非孤立性眩晕组(63例)。孤立性眩晕组患者冠心病[8/18对15.87%(10/63);校正χ~2=5.062,P=0.024]和心房颤动[7/18对14.29%(9/63);校正χ~2=3.907,P=0.048]比例高于非孤立性眩晕组;眼震发生率高于[10/18对30.16%(19/63);χ~2=3.929,P=0.047]非孤立性眩晕组;影像学检查,弧立性眩晕组有16/18例病变位于小脑,高于非孤立性眩晕组(Z=-2.289,P=0.022);TOAST病因分型,弧立性眩晕组大动脉粥样硬化型占8/18例、心源性栓塞型占6/18例。结论急性缺血性卒中致孤立性眩晕患者冠心病和心房颤动发生率较高,病灶主要累及小脑,脑卒中发病机制可能倾向于大动脉粥样硬化和心源性栓塞。     

双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者临床特点及预后分析

目的总结分析双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者的临床特点和预后。方法收集急性后循环梗死且伴有双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的住院患者资料,分析其血管危险因素、起始症状、治疗及病情演变情况,并随访90 d预后,以mRS2分定义为预后不良。结果共纳入28例患者,最常见的起始症状为孤立性头晕或眩晕(57.1%)。53.6%的患者出现病情加重,加重≥2次9例(32.1%),预后不良15例(53.6%)。预后不良组高血压3级、病情加重、加重≥2次比例明显高于预后良好组(P0.05)。病情加重≥2次组高血压3级、高脂血症、孤立性头晕或眩晕起病、预后不良和死亡比例明显高于加重2次组(P0.05)。基底动脉不显影组死亡率(75%)明显高于显影组(4.2%)(P0.05)。结论双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者多以孤立性头晕或眩晕起病;孤立性头晕或眩晕起病和高血压3级患者病情容易加重;病情反复加重患者预后不良比例高,死亡率高;基底动脉不显影患者死亡率高。     

以孤立性眩晕为首发症状的急性脑梗死患者10例

目的探讨以孤立性眩晕为首发症状的急性脑梗死(ACI)的特点及溶栓治疗预后。方法对10例以孤立性眩晕起病,诊断为ACI并进行溶栓治疗患者,分析包括临床表现、影像学特征、病因分型、预后等临床资料。结果所有患者均有孤立性眩晕出现,时间长短不一。超早期给予溶栓治疗,有9例预后较好,1例因急性心肌梗死死亡。结论孤立性眩晕患者要警惕后循环卒中,早期发现其他神经功能缺损体征并给予溶栓治疗,效果较好。     

神经内科171例孤立性眩晕患者病因分析

目的 分析以眩晕为主诉患者的病因,旨在早期识别后循环缺血性孤立性眩晕。 方法 回顾性分析孤立性眩晕患者171例,根据病史特点、神经影像学检查、脑血管评估等辅助检 查,焦虑抑郁状态通过自评焦虑或抑郁量表评价。采用卒中风险评分（Stroke Risk Score,SRS）确定 眩晕患者病因,筛查危险因素。 结果 171例患者中,中枢性眩晕19例（11%）,前庭周围性眩晕142例（83%）,焦虑或抑郁10例（6%）。 各组临床表现（体位诱发或加重眩晕,恶心、呕吐,眼球震颤,耳鸣,听力减退）比较无显著差异。中 枢性眩晕组发病年龄、吸烟率、合并糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇血症、既往短暂性脑缺血发作/卒中史的发病率以及SRS＞7分的比例等方面均显著高于周围性 眩晕组（P值分别为0.001,0.004,0.023,0.015,0.021,0.002,0.006和＜0.001）。中枢性眩晕组发病 年龄、合并糖尿病、高血压、颈动脉狭窄的发病率以及SRS＞7分的比例等方面均显著高于焦虑/抑郁 组（P值分别为0.001,0.011,0.019,0.027和0.003）。周围性眩晕组合并高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症 的发病率显著高于焦虑/抑郁组（P =0.001）。 结论 孤立性眩晕常见为非中枢性眩晕,而急性脑血管病也可表现为孤立性眩晕。中枢性眩晕患者 在年龄、既往血管危险因素病史等方面与非中枢性眩晕有显著差异,临床诊治中应重点识别中枢性损 害,避免严重后果发生。     

180例青年脑卒中临床分析

目的：分析青年脑卒中的危险因素、病因、临床特点和预后。方法回顾性分析180例18～45岁青年脑卒中患者的临床资料。结果180例中,缺血性卒中132例（73.3％）,出血性卒中48例（26.7％）;平均年龄（38.8±6.4）岁,男女比例13︰5。起病症状多为单侧肢体无力、言语含糊、头痛、呕吐;病因主要为动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死76例,心源性栓塞17例,高血压17例,动脉瘤13例等,主要危险因素有吸烟、饮酒、高同型半胱氨酸血症等;基底节区为好发部位;治愈率高,病死率较低。结论青年脑卒中以30～45岁男性多见,好发部位为基底节区,主要危险因素是吸烟、饮酒、高同型半胱氨酸血症。病因以动脉粥样硬化、高血压最多见,其次为心脏疾病、颅内动脉瘤,一般预后较好。     

进展性缺血性脑卒中的相关因素分析

目的探讨进展性缺血性脑卒中的相关危险因素。方法以2015-10—2016-10信阳市第一人民医院治疗的46例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究组,以同期50例非进展性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组。对比临床资料,分析进展性缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素。结果 2组性别、饮酒史、吸烟史、冠心病史、高血压史、缺血性脑卒中史对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),年龄、糖尿病史、CT分型、颈部血管狭窄程度、OCSP分型、斑块性质对比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、CT分型、斑块性质、OCSP分型是进展性缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。结论年龄、CT分型、斑块性质、OCSP分型是进展性缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,需引起关注。     

41例青年缺血性脑卒中病因、危险因素及影像学特点探析

目的 探讨青年缺血性脑卒中的常见病因、危险因素及影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析41例18-44岁青年缺血性脑卒中患者病例资料,按TOAST分类探讨各病因、危险因素并分析其影像学特点.结果 明确病因的青年缺血性脑卒中患者,病因依次为脑动脉粥样硬化、感染性/非感染性脑血管炎、心源性脑栓塞、小动脉闭塞、血管畸形和颅内血管瘤,常见危险因素包括血脂异常、Lp(a)升高、吸烟、高血压、心脏疾病和糖尿病史,ESR、hsCRP升高对卒中的发生有激发作用.影像学表现的特点与病因类型关系密切,有助于卒中的病因诊断和二级预防.结论 青年缺血性脑卒中病因及危险因素多样,脑动脉粥样硬化和脑血管炎较常见,明确病因有赖于完善各项检查.     

后循环脑梗死的临床和影像学分析

目的 研究后循环脑梗死的影像学表现、病因、危险因素、临床表现、责任病灶及预后的特点。方法 收集自2007年9月至2010年3月在我院住院治疗的53例后循环脑梗死病例的临床资料,总结患者的临床症状和体征,分析其影像学表现、病因和危险因素,根据Caplan使用的后循环供血区分段标准,将患者分为近段组、中段组、远段组、混合组四组。所有患者的预后均进行改良Rankin残障量表（mRS）评估,了解患者的预后情况。结果 后循环梗死最常见的症状为眩晕28例（52.8%）,恶心、呕吐23例（43.4%）,肢体瘫痪21例（39.6%）,言语不利17例（32.1%）;最常见的体征是中枢性面舌瘫31例（58.5％）,运动障碍21例（39.6％）,感觉障碍17例（32.1％）及共济失调15例（28．3％）;最常见的危险因素包括高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、心脏病变、脂代谢异常。其中中段组发病率最高21例（39.6%）,其次为远段组13例（24.5%）,混合组10例（18.9%）,近段组9例（17.0%）。根据mRS评估,34.0%的患者预后不良。结论 后循环梗死的临床表现复杂多变,最常见的病变部位在中段,特征性临床表现和临床综合征有助于后循环脑梗死的诊断,大部分患者预后良好。     

后循环梗死的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的阐明后循环梗死常见临床症状、体征及危险因素。方法分析2008年10月-2011年10月在本院神经内科住院的急性后循环梗死患者61例资料。结果患者常见的症状头晕(54.1%)、偏侧肢体无力(45.9%)、恶心及呕吐(39.3%)和言语不清(31.1%);少见症状为视物成双(4.9%)、抽搐(4.9%)及记忆障碍(4.9%)。常见的体征为单侧或双侧肢体运动障碍(45.9%)、共济失调(29.5%)、交叉性瘫痪(3.3%)和眼球活动障碍(4.9%)。在所调查的危险因素中,高血压(72.1%)、高脂血症(63.9%)、糖尿病(36.1%)、既往卒中史(31.2%)及心脏病(27.9%)。结论后循环梗死临床表现复杂,常见的症状为头晕、偏侧肢体无力、恶心及呕吐、言语不清,常见体征为肢体运动障碍,高血压为后循环梗死的主要危险因素,特征性临床表现及体征有助于后循环梗死的诊断及治疗。     

以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死19例临床分析

目的探讨以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死的临床及影像学特点。方法收集2011年1月至2012年10月我院神经内科收治的以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死的临床资料,与同时期无眩晕症状脑梗死对照,前者称眩晕组,后者为对照组,比较两组人口统计学、血管危险因素、临床和影像学特征。结果眩晕组脑梗死患者年龄、性别、血管危险因素与无眩晕组脑梗死差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。眩晕组脑梗死部位多位于后循环,常伴随多种神经受损的症状和体征(P<0.05)。结论以眩晕颅首发症状的脑梗死多为后循环脑梗死,常伴随多种神经受损的症状和体征,单纯眩晕患者应早期完善头颅MRI或DSA检查。     

DEFENSIVE Stroke Scale: Novel Diagnostic Tool for Predicting Posterior Circulation Infarction in the Emergency Department

Background: Dizziness is the most common posterior circulation symptom; however, diagnosing a posterior circulation infarction is difficult due to a lack of typical symptoms. We aimed to investigate the frequency of misdiagnosis of a posterior circulation infarction in patients who presented with dizziness and to develop a new stroke scale that increased the diagnostic accuracy for stroke among these subjects. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive data from subjects hospitalized with ischemic stroke who presented with dizziness (the developmental phase). Based on these results, we created a novel stroke scale, which was used as a diagnostic procedure in the prospective validation phase. We compared the rate of misdiagnosis of ischemic stroke between phases. Results: During the development phase, 115 subjects were hospitalized for ischemic stroke accompanied by dizziness. Six ischemic stroke subjects were not properly diagnosed (6/115, 5.2%). We created the new DisEquilibrium, Floating sEnsation, Non-Specific dizziness, Imbalance, and VErtigo (DEFENSIVE) stroke scale to prevent underdiagnosis of a posterior circulation infarction. During the validation phase, 949 subjects with dizziness were examined with the DEFENSIVE stroke scale; among these subjects, 100 were hospitalized for ischemic stroke accompanied by dizziness. No subject with ischemic stroke was overlooked. The new DEFENSIVE stroke scale had a sensitivity of 100% and decreased the rate of improper diagnosis of stroke (5.2% versus 0%; P = .022). Conclusions: Our new stroke recognition instrument for a posterior circulation infarction presenting with dizziness and related symptoms (the DEFENSIVE stroke scale) is easy to administer and has good diagnostic accuracy.     

表现为孤立性眩晕的大脑中动脉穿支梗死

目的孤立性眩晕主要见于前庭周围性病变,罕见于大脑中动脉(MCA)穿支脑梗死,本文探讨MCA穿支梗死出现孤立性眩晕与头晕的临床特征。方法报道3例表现为孤立性眩晕和头晕的MCA穿支急性腔隙性脑梗死患者的临床表现、影像学资料,同时通过PubMed检索之前报道的病例,回顾总结其临床特征。结果包括文献共5例表现为眩晕和头晕的MCA穿支梗死病例。3例表现为孤立性眩晕和头晕,1例表现为持续性头晕伴随短暂性言语不清,1例有轻偏瘫,2例有眼球震颤。眩晕与头晕严重程度均为中度,经治疗后眩晕和头晕多在病程7 d内完全缓解。4例梗死灶位于左侧内囊或放射冠区,1例位于右侧放射冠。颈部及头部增强血管成像有2例显示右侧椎动脉纤细狭窄,4例完成了头部增强CTA检查均提示前循环血管正常。本文3例患者在核磁共振成像(MRI)检查证实为急性腔隙性脑梗死之前,均未有明确诊断。结论 MCA穿支脑梗死可以表现为孤立性眩晕和头晕,严重程度较轻,持续时间通常数日,自主神经症状不明显。为了避免漏诊或误诊,推荐神经影像学检查,特别是MRI弥散成像(DWI)可作为老年首次眩晕和头晕的常规检查项目。     

Repetitive Episodic Isolated Vertigo in a Patient with Cerebellar Infarction

Isolated vertigo is an important symptom of posterior circulation stroke. It has been reported that 11.3% of patients with isolated vertigo have a stroke and that most lesions are located in the cerebellum, particularly in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors and atrial fibrillation who showed repeated episodes of isolated vertigo. His repeated vertigo was short-lasting and was often triggered by body position, mimicking benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Cranial computed tomography on the third hospital day showed left cerebellar infarction within the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The vertigo was ameliorated on the fifth hospital day and warfarin was prescribed for secondary prevention. Clinicians should pay special attention to cases in which a patient presents isolated vertigo, even if it shows transient recurrence or is triggered by a positional change, especially in patients with multiple cerebrovascular risk factors.     

后循环脑梗死患者的预后分析

目的评估后循环脑梗死患者的预后并分析影响预后的相关因素。方法对274例经头颅MRI确诊且资料完整的后循环脑梗死（PCCI）患者进行随访,评估残障量表（mRS）、Barthel指数（BI）以了解患者的预后情况,并分析预后相关因素。结果274例后循环梗死患者中,无残障或轻度残障（mRS0～3分）占87．6％,严重残障（mRS4—5分）占9．9％,死亡占2．6％。mRS评估的多因素回归分析显示发病至就诊时间、入院时美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、既往卒中史、高同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）（P〈0．05）与预后相关。结论后循环梗死患者的总体预后良好,病死率低。发病至就诊时间长、入院时NIHSS评分高、既往有卒中史者、伴高同型半胱氨酸血症者预后不良。     

注射用尤瑞克林治疗急性后循环梗死的疗效分析

目的 观察静脉注射人尿激肽原酶（尤瑞克林）对急性后循环梗死患者的疗效。方法 选择后循环梗死的急性期患者68例,随机分为尤瑞克林治疗组（人尿激肽原酶治疗14d）和对照组,观察两组患者在治疗前及治疗后14d、90d的神经功能缺损评分。结果 尤瑞克林治疗组和对照组患者在治疗14d、90d后神经功能缺损程度均有不同程度改善,而使用人尿激肽原酶组患者在治疗后的神经功能恢复情况较对照组有明显改善。结论 人尿激肽原酶可能有助于改善后循环梗死患者的临床预后。     

Recent Advances in Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke Syndromes Causing Vertigo and Hearing Loss

Cerebellar ischemic stroke is one of the common causes of vascular vertigo. It usually accompanies other neurological symptoms or signs, but a small infarct in the cerebellum can present with vertigo without other localizing symptoms. Approximately 11 % of the patients with isolated cerebellar infarction simulated acute peripheral vestibulopathy, and most patients had an infarct in the territory of the medial branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). A head impulse test can differentiate acute isolated vertigo associated with PICA territory cerebellar infarction from more benign disorders involving the inner ear. Acute hearing loss (AHL) of a vascular cause is mostly associated with cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), but PICA territory cerebellar infarction rarely causes AHL. To date, at least eight subgroups of AICA territory infarction have been identified according to the pattern of neurotological presentations, among which the most common pattern of audiovestibular dysfunction is the combined loss of auditory and vestibular functions. Sometimes acute isolated audiovestibular loss can be the initial symptom of impending posterior circulation ischemic stroke (particularly within the territory of the AICA). Audiovestibular loss from cerebellar infarction has a good long-term outcome than previously thought. Approximately half of patients with superior cerebellar artery territory (SCA) cerebellar infarction experienced true vertigo, suggesting that the vertigo and nystagmus in the SCA territory cerebellar infarctions are more common than previously thought. In this article, recent findings on clinical features of vertigo and hearing loss from cerebellar ischemic stroke syndrome are summarized.