PAMI评分用于急性ST段抬高心肌梗死介入治疗患者的预后评价

目的探讨将来自于临床试验的介入治疗心肌梗死的危险评分(PAMI评分)应用于普通患有ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)并接受直接PCI治疗的患者,评判其预测价值,以及冠状动脉病变程度与左心室射血分数对危险分层的意义。方法应用PAMI评分对2002年3月至2004年5月因STEMI连续行直接PCI的患者206例进行危险分层,并电话随访6个月至1年的死亡率。计数资料应用秩和检验,计量资料用独立样本t检验,并应用非条件logistic回归分析各变量与发病后6个月的死亡率的关系。结果随访到的183例患者中,PAMI评分在0~2分者有88例,3~5分者有54例,6~8分者有17例,≥9分有24例,死亡率分别为1·1%(1/88),3·7%(2/54),17·6%(3/17),41·7%(10/24),4组之间差异有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示冠状动脉血管病变支数是介入治疗后STEMI患者的危险因素(相对危险度10·186),而左心室射血分数(LVEF)则为保护性因素(相对危险度0·849)。PAMI评分联合冠状动脉3支病变及入院48h内的LVEF值可以增强死亡率的预测价值。结论PAMI危险评分可以作为简便易行的方法评价直接PCI治疗后STEMI患者的死亡率,同时联合冠状动脉病变程度与左心室射血分数可以增加预测价值的精确性。     

C-reactive protein and myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic information of preprocedural C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in serum to predict myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 400 consecutive patients with normal serum troponin T levels (0.05 microg L-1. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients (21%) experienced a myocardial infarction during PCI. The median value of CRP before the procedure was 1.83 (0.12-99.7) mg L-1. No difference was seen in CRP levels before PCI between patients without or with myocardial infarction during PCI. Multivariate analysis identified stent implantation (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.18-7.28, P = 0.03), procedure time (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.28-3.67, P < 0.005) and complications during the procedure (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.72-7.58, P < 0.001) as independent predictors of myocardial infarction during PCI. CONCLUSION: Increased CRP levels in serum before PCI were not associated with myocardial infarction during the procedure. Furthermore, patients with an expected long procedure and a high probability of stent implantation have an increased risk of developing myocardial infarction during PCI. This finding may be useful to help the operator to decide the antithrombotic regime before, during and after the procedure and the need for observation after the procedure.     

行急诊介入治疗的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的性别差异

目的 研究行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的临床特征及住院期间预后是否存在性别差异.方法 连续入选2009年6月～2012年6月因初发STEMI接受急诊PCI治疗的患者307例,比较男性和女性患者住院期间的临床特征、病死率和联合心脏事件的发生情况.结果 与男性患者相比,女性患者平均年龄较大,既往合并高血压病、糖尿病者较多,院前延迟时间较长,Killip分级≥Ⅱ级者多,有吸烟史者少,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高,白细胞计数、血红蛋白、肌酐、三酰甘油水平降低,且两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).女性患者住院期间病死率高于男性患者,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).性别不是影响患者住院期间病死率的独立危险因素.结论 接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者中,女性患者住院期间病死率增加,但与男性患者比较差异无统计学意义.性别不是影响接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者住院期间病死率的独立危险因素.     

血小板-白细胞聚集体对急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后价值

目的研究血小板-白细胞聚集体(PLA)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后的预后价值。方法入选连续就诊并行直接PCI的STEMI患者156例,采集主动脉窦动脉血,利用流式细胞仪测定PLA,将患者分为PLA高值组与低值组。根据心电图ST段回落率及冠状动脉造影评价心肌灌注,随访患者术后主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)。结果 (1)PLA高值组与PLA低值组相比,发病至介入时间长,中性粒细胞比例、高敏C反应蛋白、丙二醛升高,射血分数及ST段回落率降低(P<0.05)。平均随访17.50个月,发生MACCE 36例(23.07%),PLA低值组MACCE 19例(17.8%),PLA高值组MACCE 17例(34.7%),PLA高值组MACCE发生率明显高于PLA低值组(χ~2=5.43,P<0.05)。(2)Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,PLA高值组MACCE的发病风险明显高于PLA低值组(Log-rank检验P<0.01)。(3)Cox回归模型显示,中性粒细胞比例(RR:1.132,95%CI:1.002~1.280)与PLA升高(RR:1.101,95%CI:1.013~1.196)与MACCE事件发生相关。结论 PLA可用于评价心肌灌注不良,并与急性心肌梗死直接PCI后MACCE发生有关。     

Independent no-reflow predictors in female patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Independent no-reflow predictors should be evaluated in female patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in the current interventional equipment and techniques, thus to be constructed a no-reflow predicting model. In this study, 320 female patients with STEMI were successfully treated with PPCI within 12?h after the onset of AMI from 2007 to 2010. All clinical, angiographic, and procedural data were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent no-reflow predictors. The no-reflow was found in 81 (25.3%) of 320 female patients. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis identified that low SBP on admission <100?mmHg (OR 1.991, 95% CI 1.018?C3.896; p?=?0.004), target lesion length >20?mm (OR 1.948, 95% CI 1.908?C1.990; p?=?0.016), collateral circulation 0?C1 (OR 1.952, 95% CI 1.914?C1.992; p?=?0.019), pre-PCI thrombus score ??4 (OR 4.184, 95% CI 1.482?C11.813; p?=?0.007), and IABP use before PCI (OR 1.949, 95% CI 1.168?C3.253; p?=?0.011) were independent no-reflow predictors. The no-reflow incidence significantly increased as the numbers of independent predictors increased [0% (0/2), 10.8% (9/84), 14.5% (17/117), 37.7% (29/77), 56.7% (17/30), and 81.8% (9/11) in female patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 independent predictors, respectively; p?<?0.0001]. The five no-reflow predicting variables were admission SBP <100?mmHg, target lesion length >20?mm, collateral circulation 0?C1, pre-PCI thrombus score ??4, and IABP use before PCI in female patients with STEMI treated with PPCI.     

高敏C反应蛋白水平对急性心肌梗塞并发心衰死亡率的预测价值

目的：探讨高敏C反应蛋白（CRP）预测急性心肌梗塞（AMI）并发心力衰竭（HF）死亡率的价值。方法：采用免疫比浊法测定51例AMI组,40例冠心病对照组患者入院第1d（1d）、第3d（3d）、第7d（7d）的高敏CRP（hs—CRP）水平。结果：AMI组的hs—CRP水平（3d,60mg／L）显著高于冠心病对照组（3d,13mg／L）,P〈0．001。AMI并发HF患者（31例）的hs—CRP水平[1d,（30±4）mg／L]显著高于未并发HF患者（20例）的[1d,（15士3）mg／L],P〈0．01。AMI者在1年内的总死亡率：第3dhs—CRP峰值≥85mg／L者为47％,hs-CRP峰值〈85mg／L者为8．8％,P〈0．001;HF的死亡率：第3dhs-CRP峰值≥85mg／L者为23．5％,hs-CRP峰值〈85mg／L者为2．9％,P〈0．001。说明第3d的hs-CRP水平峰值与1年内的死亡率有关。结论：hs—CRP水平可做为预测AMI1年内总死亡率和HF死亡率的一项重要指标。     

Prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Objective

To evaluate the prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and medical therapy (MT) in elderly patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

A total of 238 STEMI patients aged above 80 and treated with PPCI (n = 186) and MT (n = 52) at Harefield Hospital, London were included in this study. Patients who did not have true STEMI based on non-diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) for STEMI and negative troponin, who presented with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and had normal coronaries were excluded from this study. Primary PCI was defined as any use of a guidewire for more than diagnostic purposes in patients with STEMI, whereas conventional MT was defined as treatment of patients with anti-platelets and anti-thrombotic medications without thrombolysis.

Results

The survival rate of PPCI patients was 86% (n = 160) at month 1 followed by 83.9% (n = 156) at month 6, and 81.2% (n = 151) at month 12. The survival rate of MT patients was 44.2% (n = 23) at month 1 followed by 36.5% (n = 19) at month 6, and 34.6% (n = 18) at month 12. Compared to MT, significantly fewer comorbidities were found in the PPCI group. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) (4.8%) and consequent admission to intensive care unit (7%) were the major complications of the PPCI group.

Conclusion

PPCI has a higher survival rate and, compared to MT, fewer comorbidities were observed in the PPCI group of elderly patients presenting with STEMI.     

Predictive value of plasma glucose level on admission for short and long term mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Published reports describe a strong association between plasma glucose levels on admission and mortality in patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of admission glucose levels for early and late mortality. From 2005 to 2007, 1,646 patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and were stratified according to admission plasma glucose level in category 1 (<7.8 mmol/L; n = 747), category 2 (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L; n = 620), or category 3 (>11 mmol/L; n = 279). Event rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A landmark survival analysis to 3-year follow-up was performed, with a landmark set at 30 days. Time-extended Cox regression was used to assess the predictive value of admission glucose levels. Furthermore, a stratified analysis was performed for known diabetes mellitus status at admission. Thirty-day mortality was 2.4% in category 1, 6% in category 2, and 22% in category 3 (p <0.01). Three-year mortality in 30-day survivors was 5.9% in category 1, 8.2% in category 2, and 7.1% in category 3 (p = 0.27). Glucose level on admission was a strong predictor of 30-day mortality: for every 1 mmol/L increase, the hazard increased by 14% (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.19, p <0.01) in patients without diabetes, by 12% (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.19, p <0.01) in those with diabetes, and by 13% (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.17, p <0.01) in the total cohort. After 30 days, glucose level at admission lost its predictive value. In conclusion, in patients with and those without diabetes, glucose level at admission is an independent predictor of early but not late mortality.     

The predictive value of R-wave peak time on no-reflow in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

Coronary no-reflow (NR) is a dreadful complication of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) that is seen in nearly 50% of cases. A great effort is being done to discover simple tools that could predict such a complication. We aimed primarily to study the predictive power of R-wave peak time (RWPT) on NR.

Integrilin in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background: The adjunctive use of eptifibatide in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains controversial. We therefore set out to determine the safety and efficacy of eptifibatide in this population. Methods: The study comprised 857 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI at the Washington Hospital Center. Three hundred eighteen patients also received adjunctive therapy with eptifibatide. Patients who had received thrombolysis prior to undergoing cardiac catheterization were excluded. The primary end‐point was all‐cause mortality and the composite of all‐cause mortality or Q‐wave MI. The primary safety end‐point was the rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. Results: The eptifibatide group was younger, had a higher body mass index, and a lower proportion of patients with systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous history of ischemic heart disease, coronary revascularization, and congestive heart failure. This cohort also used bivalirudin less often (23.3% vs. 72%; P < 0.001). Following multivariable analysis, the eptifibatide group had a significantly lower rate of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.89; P = 0.01) and the composite of all‐cause mortality or Q‐wave MI (hazard ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.95; P = 0.03) at 6 months. The rate of TIMI major bleeding was similar in both groups (hazard ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.25–1.17; P = 0.12). Conclusion: The adjunctive use of eptifibatide in patients presenting with STEMI may be associated with improved clinical outcomes. (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:351–356)     

Usefulness of prehospital triage in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

We investigated the impact of ambulance-based prehospital triage on treatment delay and all-cause mortality (in hospital and long term) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a prospectively collected registry. During the study period (January 2003 to December 2005), a total of 121 patients was referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention at our intervention laboratory through 2 main triage groups: (1) after prehospital, ambulance-telemedicine-based triage (42 patients) and (2) by more conventional routes (79 patients) represented by the institutional S. Orsola-Malpighi hospital emergency department triage (44 patients) and spoke hospital triage (35 patients). Total ischemic time was shorter in the prehospital triage (142 minutes, range 106 to 187, vs 212 minutes, range 150 to 366, p = 0.003). Patients with prehospital triage showed a lower rate (29% vs 54%, p = 0.01) of severely depressed (相似文献   

血栓抽吸在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉内血栓抽吸术在血栓负荷重的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者直接介入治疗(PCI)中的应用。方法:选择2009-01-2010-12期间在我院接受直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者117例,其中直接介入术加血栓抽吸治疗者为血栓抽吸组,共44例;仅行常规直接PCI者73例为对照组。研究初级终点为术后TIMI 3级血流率,次级终点为随访6个月的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管病事件(MACE)发生率及纽约心功能分级。结果:血栓抽吸组术后TIMI 3级高于对照组,达到95.5%,术后肌酸激酶同工酶及TnI达峰时间稍提前于对照组,但与对照组比较均差异无统计学意义;随访6个月结果显示,累计MACE发生率在血栓抽吸组和对照组分别为4.6%和9.5%,差异无统计学意义,LVEF在住院1周时血栓抽吸组及对照组分别为[(51.4±9.2)%︰(48.0±11.8)%,P>0.05],随访6个月时分别为[(54.5±6.8)%︰(49.9±10.5)%,P<0.05];6个月时血栓抽吸组纽约心功能分级优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:血栓抽吸可以改善血栓负荷重的老年患者急诊PCI术后TIM...     

急性心肌梗死行直接PCI患者的预后与超敏CRP水平的关系

目的:研究急性心肌梗死患者行直接冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的预后与超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平的关系。方法: 回顾我院2007年1月~2011年1月因急性心肌梗死行直接PCI的215例患者,比较了住院期间发生心血管事件组与未发生心血管事件组hs-CRP的水平,并根据hs-CRP水平将这些患者进行分组,比较不同水平hs-CRP组的心血管事件发生率。结果: 急性心肌梗死行直接PCI患者住院期间发生心血管事件组hs-CRP的水平(10±4)mg/L与未发生心血管事件组hs-CRP的水平(6±5)mg/L具有显著差异（P<0.05）。hs-CRP 0~3 mg/L组、3~6 mg/L组、6~9 mg/L组、9~12 mg/L组和12~15 mg/L组心血管事件发生率分别为:23%、24%、47%、52%和70%。采用Logistic回归分析表明:用性别、年龄进行校正后,hs-CRP水平与心血管事件发生具有显著相关性（OR=1.188,P＜0.01）。结论: hs-CRP可作为急性心肌梗死后行直接PCI患者预后的预测因子,hs-CRP水平越高,心血管事件发生率越高。     

Predicting mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PAMI risk score)

We performed a pooled analysis of the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) trials to examine predictors of death after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Using these data, we developed a risk score with a range of 0 to 15 points. The PAMI risk score was found to be a strong predictor of late mortality.     

提前应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗疗效的影响

目的通过随机对比分析,探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时,提前应用血小板糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班是否安全,以及能否进一步改善急诊PCI疗效。方法2005年4月至2006年4月,160例拟诊急性STEMI的患者接受急诊PCI时联合应用替罗非班,最终158例患者纳入研究,其中男性117例,女性41例,平均年龄58.8±25.2岁(36～78岁)。将患者随机分为两组,第一组共80例,在急诊冠状动脉造影结束后开始应用为常规使用组,第二组78例,在获取知情同意后在急诊室即开始应用者为早期使用组。比较两组间的基础临床状况、术前梗死相关血管前向血流情况,术后血流情况以及出血事件与近期心血管事件。结果两组基础临床情况差异无统计学意义,早期使用组提前39.8min应用替罗非班。早期组术前IRA前向血流达到TIMI2～3级的比率高于常规组(分别为39.7%和23.8%,P=0.040),其中达到TIMI3级的比率亦显著高于常规组(分别为23.1%和10.0%,P=0.032)。两组术后TIMI3级获得率,校正的TIMI计帧数和Blush3级获得率差异无统计学意义。两组近期主要心血管事件发生率、出血事件与血小板减少症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论急性STEMI患者急诊PCI前提前应用替罗非班是安全的,虽然术后造影结果和临床预后并没有明显改善,但是提前应用替罗非班可以提高PCI前的梗死相关血管前向血流。需要设计更大的样本量,更早的应用时机和合适的较大剂量提前应用替罗非班进一步深入研究。     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗中的作用

目的探讨在冠状动脉介入术（PCI）前开始使用盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者心肌再灌注的疗效。方法入选84例STEMI患者,根据是否有胸痛症状分为替罗非班组（n=61）和对照组（n=23）。对照组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷常规药物治疗,替罗非班组在常规治疗基础上加用盐酸替罗非班治疗,观察替罗非班对患者冠状动脉血流、PCI术后1hST段回落、CK-MB峰值及出血副作用的影响。结果支架置入术前替罗非班组TIMI1级血流发生率及支架置入术后TIMI3级、2级血流发生率均优于对照组（P均〈0.05）。两组CK-MB峰值、PCI术后1hST段完全回落率比较,均有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）。替罗非班组和对照组发生轻微出血的比率分别为29.51%、8.70%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论替罗非班能改善支架置入前后的TIMI血流,有利于缺血心肌的再灌注,但同时增加轻微出血的风险。     

Sonoclot血栓监测指标对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期心肌梗死的预测作用

目的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)围手术期心肌梗死的发生与术前抗栓治疗关系密切,但至今还没有理想的临床指标评价PCI术前的抗栓治疗效果。Sonoclot是一种以血液黏度为基础体外实时监测凝血功能和血小板功能的方法。本研究拟入选急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者,PCI术前进行Sonoclot检测,评价Sonoclot指标与PCI围手术期心肌梗死发生的相关性,寻找可以评价PCI术前抗栓疗效的指标。方法前瞻性连续入选2009年9月至2010年7月收住在北京大学第一医院心内科、临床诊断为非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征并接受冠状动脉造影及介入治疗的患者。收集一般临床资料,根据PCI术后心肌标记物升高至正常值上限3倍以上与否判断患者是否发生围手术期心肌梗死,使用Sonoclot凝血及血小板功能分析仪(Sonoclot coagulation&platelet function analyzer,SCA,SIENCO,Inc,USA)完成ACT(activited clotting time,激活凝血时间)、CR(clot rate,凝血速率)、PF(platelet function,血小板功能)等指标的检测。结果共入组患者246例,其中,男性163例(66.3%),女性83例(33.7%),年龄分布于27～87岁之间,平均(64.3±11.2)岁。其中119例(48.4%)发生围手术期心肌梗死,与未发生者相比,性别、术中肝素用量、多支血管病变比例差异具有统计学意义。另外,经Sonoclot测得的肝素化前CR(gbCR)在两组间差异存在统计学意义(21.32比19.83,t=-2.000,P<0.05)。进一步按照gbCR的75%分位数(gbCR=24)将患者分为两组,结果显示,gbCR高于四分位数患者围手术期心梗风险明显增加(OR:1.94,95%CI:1.05～3.59,P=0.04)。对性别、年龄、BMI、多支血管病变、肝素用量、PT值、FIB值、gbCR等多个因素进行Logistic回归分析显示,gbCR是PCI围手术期心梗的独立预测因素(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.05～5.28)。结论肝素化前CR值与PCI围手术期心肌梗死具有显著相关性,提示对该指标的监测可能会预测PCI围术期心肌梗死的发生风险。     

超敏C反应蛋白和脂蛋白(a)对急性心肌梗死行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗预后的意义

目的:研究超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]对急性心肌梗死行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者预后的意义。方法:回顾我院自2007-01-2010-04因急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI的118例患者的hsCRP及Lp(a)水平,对hsCRP升高组和正常组以及Lp(a)升高组和正常组在住院期间心血管事件的发生率进行比较。结果:hsCRP升高组心血管事件发生率为52.9%,而hsCRP正常组心血管事件发生率为18.2%,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而Lp(a)升高组心血管事件发生率为35.3%,Lp(a)正常组事件发生率为46.4%,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:hsCRP可作为急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者的近期预后的预测因子,而Lp(a)对这类患者的预后无预测作用。