低血糖对肌肉损伤影响的实验研究

目的;研究胰岛素剂量和低血糖持续时间对血清酶活性影响,确定低血糖损伤的脏器。方法：根据胰岛素剂量和低血糖持续时间的不同,将30只家兔分为5组：A2组,胰岛素2U／kg低血糖持续30min;A10组,胰岛素10U/kg低血糖持续30min;B2组,胰岛素2U／kg低血糖持续60min;B10组：胰岛素10U/kg低血糖持续60min;C对照组：胰岛素10U/kg加50％葡萄糖注射不诱发低血糖。胰岛素注射前后对血清酶的活性及肌酸激酶（CK）同功酶的分布进行观察。结果：所有低血糖组其血清CK的活性较对照组明显增高,且在A10和B10组CK活性的升高持续24h,而血清ALT、AST、LDH的升高仅见于B10组。此外,主要存在于心肌和骨骼肌中的CK－Band4在B10组可见显著升高。结论：低血糖所致血清酶活性及CK－Band4的升高是由于肌肉损伤的结果而非肝脏的损伤,低血糖持续的时间和胰岛素剂量可以影响脏器损伤的程度。     

还原型谷胱甘肽治疗帕金森病

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)治疗帕金森病(PD)的价值。方法:38例原发性PD患者随机分为2 组,均予抗PD药物治疗,GSH组联合静脉注射还原型GSH600mg。治疗前后分别采用PD评分量表(UPDRS)进 行临床评价和血清总抗氧化能力(TRAP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)和脂质过氧化物含量(LPO)测定。结 果:与对照组比较,GSH组UPDRS评分无显著改善,而TRAP、GSH Px活性显著增高,LPO含量显著降低(P<0. 05),疗效持续时间>4个月。结论:GSH能够发挥辅助性治疗作用,提高机体抗氧化能力。     

还原型谷胱甘肽预防奥沙利铂所致神经毒性的临床观察

目的探讨用还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)预防及减轻奥沙利铂(OXL)引起急慢性神经毒性的临床应用价值。方法 106例结肠癌术后使用FOLFOX4方案辅助化疗的患者,随机分为两组,一组在使用OXL化疗前后给予GSH,另一组不给予GSH,观察两组患者急慢性神经毒性的发生率和发生程度,分析两组患者的中位无进展生存时间(PFS)是否有差异。结果急性神经毒性在试验组总的发生率为88.8%,对照组为90.3%(P值=0.801),两组间差异无统计学意义。慢性神经毒性治疗组总发生率为88.9%,显著低于对照组的100%(P<0.05),随着OXL累积剂量的增加,神经毒性的发生率也增加。治疗组与对照组中位随访46.0个月和46.5个月后,中位PFS分别为51.8个月与49.2个月(P值=0.848),差异无统计学意义。结论在OXL治疗前后使用GSH可以减轻慢性神经毒性的发生率和程度,而对急性神经毒性无影响。GSH不影响OXL的治疗疗效,对患者的中位PFS无影响。     

老年糖尿病患者低血糖的预防及护理

目的：通过对老年糖尿病患者的观察,分析低血糖发生的原因,提出相关预防及护理。方法：18例60～86岁糖尿病患者,在低血糖发作时及时监测。结果：发生低血糖与并发症有关。结论：对老年糖尿病并发症较多的患者密切观察病情,及时监测血糖。     

鲜芦荟外用预防化疗药物所致静脉损伤的研究

[目的]探讨鲜芦荟预防化疗药物对静脉的损伤.[方法]将150例恶性肿瘤病人随机分两组,治疗组75例,应用化疗药物前,在穿刺血管周围采用鲜芦荟外涂,用药后采用外敷方法;对照组75例,采用常规护理方法,最后比较两组静脉损伤情况.[结果]治疗组静脉损伤7例(9.3%)对照组静脉损伤33例(44.0%),治疗组静脉损伤明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).[结论]鲜芦荟外用预防化疗性静脉损伤效果确切.     

鲜芦荟外用预防化疗药物所致静脉损伤的研究

[目的]探讨鲜芦荟预防化疗药物对静脉的损伤。[方法]将150例恶性肿瘤病人随机分两组,治疗组75例,应用化疗药物前,在穿刺血管周围采用鲜芦荟外涂,用药后采用外敷方法;对照组75例,采用常规护理方法,最后比较两组静脉损伤情况。[结果]治疗组静脉损伤7例(9.3%)对照组静脉损伤33例(44.0%),治疗组静脉损伤明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]鲜芦荟外用预防化疗性静脉损伤效果确切。     

抗氧化剂在降低肝缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

肝移植、肝部分切除、缺血性休克等往往引起临床上肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,在这些过程中一个显著的特征就是氧化应激反应的发生并伴有内源性抗氧化剂的缺失.机体内复杂的抗氧化系统包括细胞内的酶类或非酶类的自由基清除剂以及饮食中的物质等.采用抗氧化剂治疗可以降低肝缺血再灌注损伤,关且当某些外科策略如缺血预处理不能实施时,药物治疗就显示出独特的优势.近年来,在肝缺血再灌注损伤治疗上有一些新的发展,如超氧化物歧化酶衍生物、含巯基化合物、选择性一氧化氮合酶抑制剂的出现及基因治疗等,多在一定程度上降低了肝缺血再灌注损伤的程度.     

老年糖尿病患者低血糖的预防及护理进展

低血糖是老年糖尿病患者最常见的并发症之一,若不及时诊断和处理,可危及患者生命。因此,预防老年糖尿病患者低血糖的发生尤为重要。本文综述了老年糖尿病低血糖的相关知识,用以指导临床护理工作,以提高老年糖尿病患者的生活质量。     

电针对肌肉损伤修复作用的形态学研究

目的 探讨电针治疗肌肉损作伤修复的时机。方法 采用不完全锐性切割的方法造成兔排肠肌损伤模型，术后不同时期采用电针进行治疗。结果 晚期电针治疗组效果显著，优于早期治疗和自然恢复组。结论 适时选择电针治疗更利于对肌肉损伤修复。     

瑞格列奈致老年糖尿病患者严重低血糖8例分析

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者服用瑞格列奈致严重低血糖的临床特点。方法回顾性收集2008年1月至2011年6月住院治疗的瑞格列奈致严重低血糖8例,经末梢血糖检测诊断低血糖后,一边留取血清样本,一边立即予50%葡萄糖静推处理。血清样本检测胰岛素、C肽水平、肝肾功能、电解质水平,待病稳定后检测糖化血红蛋白、皮质醇、甲胎蛋白及进行胸片、全腹B超、颅脑CT等检查。结果所有病例中有肝脏疾病4例,胃癌1例,肺结核1例,未进食者1例。结论有肝脏疾病的老年糖尿病患者服用瑞格列奈可能更易致低血糖,对于这类病例用药应慎重。     

血清肌酶在评价皮肌炎与多肌炎合并肺间质病变中的作用

目的比较皮肌炎/多肌炎(DM/PM)患者血清肌酶水平与肺间质病变(ILD)的相关性.方法采用回顾性分析方法,收集96例在我科住院的DM/PM患者,经临床症状、体征、胸片、肺高分辨率CT(HRCT)及肺功能检查将所有患者分为合并ILD组(37例)和不合并ILD组(59例),并对其中67例患者进行追踪观察.结果①入院初(肌炎活动期),根据患者在入院前是否使用糖皮质激素、细胞毒药物等免疫抑制剂的情况进行分组A.入院前未接受免疫抑制剂治疗的37例患者中11例合并ILD,其血清AST、LDH水平显著高于无ILD者(P＜0.05),而肌酸激酶(CK)差异无显著性(P＞0.05);B.入院前已接受免疫抑制剂治疗的59例患者中26例合并ILD,其血清AST、LDH水平亦显著高于无ILD者(P＜0.05),CK差异亦无显著性(P＞0.05).②对经治疗后肌炎恢复的67例患者追踪随访,其中25例合并ILD者的血清AST、LDH水平显著高于无ILD者(P＜0.05),而CK差异仍无显著性(P＞0.05).③观察比较上述67例患者血清肌酶治疗前后的差值变化与ILD的相关性,结果AST、CK、LDH治疗前后差值的变化在两组患者中差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论①DM/PM患者在肌炎活动时血清AST、LDH水平与ILD具有相关性,合并ILD患者具有高水平的AST、LDH值,而CK与ILD无明显相关性;②DM/PM患者在接受糖皮质激素等治疗病情稳定后,合并ILD患者血清AST、LDH仍可维持较高水平;③DM/PM患者治疗前后血清肌酶差值的变化与ILD无明显相关性.     

Protective effect of Caralluma fimbriata against high-fat diet induced testicular oxidative stress in rats

High-fat diet (HFD) promotes the oxidative stress formation, which in turn has hazardous effects on reproductive system and fertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Caralluma fimbriata on high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in the testis of rat. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control (C), Control treated with CFE (C+ CFE), High fat diet fed (HFD), High fat diet fed treated with CFE (HFD + CFE) and High fat diet fed treated with Metformin (HFD + Met). CFE was orally administered (200 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days to groups-C + CFE and HFD + CFE rats. The effects of HF-diet on the reproductive organs were determined by measuring relative and absolute testes and epididymal fat pads weights. Regarding testes antioxidant status, high-fat fed rats showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, polyol pathway enzymes and lower GSH levels and lower activities of antioxidants, while CFE treatment prevented all these observed abnormalities. The present study clearly indicates that CFE offers a significant protection against HF-diet induced testicular oxidative stress in rats.     

Stabilization of pulmonary mitochondrial enzyme system by capsaicin during benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung cancer

The modulatory efficacy of capsaicin on lung mitochondrial enzyme system with reference to mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidants, key citric acid cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes during benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice was studied. Elevations in mitochondrial LPO along with decrements in enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A), citric acid cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)), and respiratory chain enzymes (NADH dehydrogenase and Cytochrome c oxidase) were observed in B(a)P (50mg/kg body weight) administered animals. CAP (10mg/kg body weight) pretreatment decreased lung mitochondrial LPO and augmented the activities of enzymic, non-enzymic antioxidants, citric acid cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes to near normalcy revealing its chemoprotective function during B(a)P induced lung cancer.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化物酶活性的影响

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化物酶活性的影响。方法:检测27例健康成年人静脉血全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)和丙二醛(MDA)的浓度,与慢性肺心病急性加重期组治疗前的此5项指标进行对应比较;选择68例慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者,随机分成两组,试验前均监测静脉血全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性及血浆LPO和MDA的浓度以及右室压(RVP)、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等血流动力学指标并评价心功能。试验组在给予常规治疗的同时合并给予还原型谷胱甘肽1.2 g/d,稀释后静脉滴注,疗程2周;对照组只给予常规治疗。2周后,复测上述指标,比较各组治疗前后的变化。结果:(1)肺心病急性加重期组的全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性比对照组低,而血浆LPO及MDA的浓度比对照组高(均P<0.05)。(2)还原型谷胱甘肽组试验前后比较,全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性明显增高,且血浆LPO和MDA浓度明显降低(均P<0.05);而对照组则无显著变化(P>0.05)。(3)还原型谷胱甘肽组试验前后比较,PVP、mPAP均明显下降(P<0.05);而对照组无显著变化(P>0.05)。(4)还原型谷胱甘肽组心力衰竭纠正的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者机体的抗氧化能力降低,还原型谷胱甘肽可通过提高机体的抗氧化能力,消除氧自由基和脂质过氧化物起到降低肺动脉和右心室压力、纠正心力衰竭的作用。     

Attenuation of tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity by taurine in mice

BACKGROUND: One of the most attractive approaches to disease prevention involves the use of natural antioxidants to protect tissue against toxic injury. We investigated the modulatory effects of exogenously administered taurine on the toxicity of the anticancer drug tamoxifen with special reference to protection against disruption of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in Swiss albino mice. METHODS: Male Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups. The extent of lipid peroxidation was evaluated in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formed. The following assays were performed in the hepatic tissue (a) antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, (b) cytochrome P450 content, (c) glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and (d) low molecular weight antioxidants (reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid) and protein carbonyl content. RESULTS: Tamoxifen induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and inhibited the enzymes of antioxidant defense system. It was also observed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes were considerably stabilized in mice pretreated with taurine. CONCLUSION: Taurine protects the integrity of the hepatic tissue by stabilizing the reactive oxygen species mediated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation. Additionally taurine may prove to be efficacious as an antioxidant in tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity.     

Reduced β-adrenergic sensitivity in healthy volunteers induced by hypoglycemia

Summary— A single causative mechanism for development of hypoglycemia unawareness in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is not yet apparent. Reduced adrenergic sensitivity may be part of the explanation. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hypoglycemia on β-adrenergic sensitivity. Ten healthy male subjects (age 19–23 years) gave informed consent to take part in the study. They were hospitalized overnight at the University Hospital of Tromsø, Department of Clinical Research, on two occasions. Isoprenaline and metoprolol sensitivity tests were performed the morning after hospitalization: once after an intravenous (iv) injection of placebo (0.9% NaCl), and once after an iv injection of insulin (0.15 IU insulin/kg body weight) to induce hypoglycemia. The dose of isoprenaline needed to increase heart rate (HR) by 25 beats per minute (bpm) (I₂₅), and the dose of metoprolol (M_–12.5) needed to inhibit I₂₅ with 50% or 12.5 bpm, when injected simultaneously, were used as determinants of isoprenaline and metoprolol sensitivity. In this study, there was a significant ( p < 0.05) increase both in I₂₅ and M_–12.5 after hypoglycemia. The dose-response curve of isoprenaline/HR was significantly shifted to the right after hypoglycemia. This study shows that acute hypoglycemia induces a reduction in β-adrenegic sensitivity, and it supports the hypothesis of reduced β-adrenergic sensitivity as an important pathophysiological mechanism in hypoglycemia unawareness in IDDM.     

成功抢救大剂量胰岛素致低血糖昏迷1例

患者,男性,41岁,以＂皮下注射胰岛素600单位2h＂入院。患者因情绪因素于入院前2h一次性皮下注射胰岛素600单位,继之出现心悸、冷汗及饥饿感,伴反应迟钝,病程中出现意识障碍,呼之不应,其家属急呼120救护车送入我院抢救室。患者既往有2型糖尿病史8年,自2010-10应用诺和灵30R24U、20U于早晚餐前皮下注射,平素空腹血糖控制在7.0mmol/L左右。     

Chemoprotective action of lotus seedpod procyanidins on oxidative stress in mice induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure

With the increasing use of electromagnetic technology, the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on biological systems, central neurotransmitter systems, and human health have attracted extensive attention worldwide. In this study, lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) were evaluated for their protective effects on ELF-EMF induced oxidative stress injury in mice. Sixty male ICR mice were used for the experiment. The mice were randomly divided into five equal groups. The control group did not receive LSPCs or ELF-EMF but orally received normal saline. The ELF-EMF group received ELF-EMF exposure plus normal saline orally. The other three groups received ELF-EMF exposure plus LSPCs orally (60, 90, or 120 mg kg⁻¹.bw, respectively). Each group exposed to ELF-EMF at 8 mT, 4 h day⁻¹ for 28 consecutive days after administration daily of LSPCs or normal saline to mice for 15 consecutive days with the exception of the control group. Thereafter, blood and cerebral cortex of the mice were analyzed for antioxidant indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA). LSPCs administration at different doses significantly inhibited oxidative stress damage of mice induced by ELF-EMF. LSPCs treatment augmented SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST activity. Furthermore, administration significantly lowered MDA level in LSPCs treatment groups LSPCs. All results indicated LSPCs can effectively prevent oxidative stress injury induced by ELF-EMF exposure, which may be related to its ability of scavenging free radicals and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.