我国椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种食物中毒流行趋势浅析

我国椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种食物中毒流行趋势浅析刘秀梅椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种（ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｃｏ－ｃｏｖｅｎｅｎａｎｓｓｕｂｓｐｆａｒｉｎｏｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｎｓ．简称椰酵假单胞菌）是我国学者１９７７年在东北酵米面中毒食品中发现的一种新的食物中毒...     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种在自然环境中的污染调查

本文报告了山东省章丘县外环境中椰毒假单胞菌酶米面亚种的污染情况。共采集土壤、树皮杂草、谷物秸秆等698份样品。分离得到9株椰酵假单胞菌,阳性分离率为1.21%,菌株产毒率100%,最高产毒量达57.86μg/ml。经抗O因子血清分型试验表明,该地区自然环境中存有的主要为O—Ⅲ型椰酵假单胞菌。     

银耳生长过程椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种产毒条件的探讨

栽培银耳生长与椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种产毒所需的外环境条件十分相似。实地调查研究结果印证了栽培银耳生长的中晚期具备椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种产毒最适条件的论点。     

醋凉粉中毒病因及中毒菌污染途径的研究

本研究从可疑中毒样品四份,环境样品七份中分离出产毒细菌三株。经与酵米面中毒菌CO14和国外椰毒假单孢菌进行对比实验,表明本次醋凉粉食物中毒是由椰毒假单孢菌酵米面亚种所致。由环境分离出的两株可疑菌经鉴定与醋凉粉中毒菌完全一致,说明本次中毒的污染途径是中毒者自家院中小棚顶上土和醋缸底下土中存有该种产毒菌。由于醋糟未及时加工,在存放过程中被该菌污染并产生外毒素,造成醋凉粉中毒。其预防措施应教育群众醋糟要及时加工,不得存放;并清除环境中存在的该种产毒菌。     

栽培银耳及自然环境中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的调查研究

1986年春对河南省发生过银耳中毒的三个县进行调查研究,检测各类自然环境样品和各期银耳样品730余份。在红薯窖土、屋内墙壁土和贮存黄豆中首次分离出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种。从外观正常银耳、烂银耳及干、鲜银耳中均检出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种或米酵菌酸,检出率14.87％,污染严重。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种——抗菌素增菌培养基的探讨

本文采用正交设计法研究了氯霉素、青霉素对毒假单胞菌酵米面亚米面亚种的影响，并用于两次食物中毒样品的分离工作，收到了一定的效果。     

椰酵假单胞菌rDNA指纹图分析方法的建立

椰酵假单胞菌ｒＤＮＡ指纹图分析方法的建立邱茂峰１刘秀梅１杨瑞馥２椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种（ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｃｏｃｏｖｅｎｅｎａｎｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｆａｒｉｎｏｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｎｓ，简称椰酵假单胞菌）是酵米面、变质鲜银耳及多种自制发酵食品食物中毒的病原...     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的生物学特性及分离鉴定的研究进展

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种(Pseudomnas Cocovenenas Subsp. farinfermentoans)是一种新的食物中毒病原菌。由该亚种污染酵米面、鲜银耳等食物产生外毒素所致的食物中毒目前仅在我国发现。自1953年黑龙江省首次报告以来,已相继在14个省发现。四川自1981年首次报告     

导数光谱谱线组判别分析法鉴别椰毒假单胞菌

椰毒假单胞菌是我国发现的一种新的食物中毒菌,对椰毒假单胞菌的检测目前尚无简便、快速的鉴别方法.本文以对此菌的快速鉴别为例,提出“导数光谱谱线组判别分析法”鉴定微生物的新的光谱鉴定方法.酵米面食物中毒在我国东北、广西等地时有发生,其中毒病因为一种产生水溶性黄色素的革兰氏阴性无芽杆菌,胡文娟等证明此菌之主要毒素为米酵菌酸,我们发现该菌的另一毒素为毒黄素;经进一步确定为椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种^[1,2].它存在于发酵的玉米、糯玉米、黄米、高梁米、变质银耳以及周围环境中,其引起的中毒涉及全国十余个省市,死亡率达381%.该菌按常规检验方法检测较烦琐^[3].     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种选择性培养基研究

根据椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种生理生化特性，在抑菌实验基础上，研制出以无机盐和无机氮源为基础，以有机碳源为限制因子的双抗生素合成培养基（ＰＣＦＡ）。该培养基抑杂菌性强，选择性高，最低检出菌量６．３～８９个／ｍｌ，检出灵敏度较传统培养基ＰＤＡ提高了１０００倍以上。适于从杂菌含量高的自然环境样品中检出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种，是该菌中毒检验和进行自然分布调查与污染原追踪的一种较为理想的分离培养基。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.