地塞米松配伍布比卡因对剖宫产术后PCEA的效果

①目的观察地塞米松和布比卡因配伍用于剖宫产术后持续硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的治疗效果。②方法524例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行子宫下段剖宫产的产妇，随机分为两组。术毕均单次硬膜外腔注入含吗啡3mg、甲氧氯普胺20mg、布比卡因15mg的注射液5mL，然后Ⅰ组（n=260）持续硬膜外给予1．2g／L布比卡因＋0．2g／L地塞米松，Ⅱ组（n=264）持续硬膜外给予1．2g／L布比卡因＋0．005g／L芬太尼（两组全部2mL／h），观察并记录48h内的镇痛效果及不良反应发生情况。③结果两组镇痛效果无显著差异（uc=0．036，P〉0．05），但Ⅰ组不良反应明显减少（χ^2=7．79、13．41，P〈0．05）。④结论在单次吗啡硬膜外推注负荷量的情况下，地塞米松和布比卡因配伍持续硬膜外给药可获得良好的术后镇痛效果，不良反应少。     

226例剖宫产术后自控硬膜外镇痛的效果观察

目的探讨几种药物配伍进行剖宫产术后自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的疗效和对母乳喂养的影响.方法采用吗啡、布比卡因、氟哌利多配伍进行剖宫产术后PCEA观察组226例,对照组200例不用PCEA.观察两组病人术后疼痛程度及母乳喂养等情况.结果观察组的疼痛强度低于对照组(P<0.01),母乳喂养成功率高于对照组(P<0.01).结论吗啡、布比卡因、氟哌利多配伍用于剖宫产术后自控硬膜外镇痛效果好,可促进母乳喂养,不良反应小,值得临床推广使用.     

咪达唑仑复合芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛的效果评价

目的 观察小剂量咪达唑仑复合芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果及对新生儿的影响.方法 将择期剖宫产行术后静脉自控镇痛的初产妇60例随机分为两组,每组30例：I组为托烷司琼复合芬太尼1.2 mg Ⅱ组为咪达唑仑复合芬太尼.记录两组产妇术后的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、镇静评分、睡眠质量评分、新生儿的神经与适应能力（NACS）评分及Apgar评分.结果 术后8、24 h I组VAS明显高于Ⅱ组,镇静评分显著低于Ⅱ组 两组恶心呕吐发生率无明显区别 两组新生儿的Apgar评分及NACS评分差别无统计学意义.结论 小剂量咪达唑仑复合芬太尼较托烷司琼复合芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛效果满意,对新生儿无明显不良影响.     

吗啡复合布比卡因60例用于剖宫产术后硬膜外效果分析

目的观察吗啡复合布比卡因用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛单次给药与持续给药效果.方法 60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在持续硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术产妇,分为A、B两组,每组30例.术后A组硬膜外一次性注入吗啡和布比卡因复合液;B组接镇痛泵,按2ml/h速度持续注入吗啡和布比卡因复合液至术后48h.结果两组患者在12h内均有很好的镇痛效果,但12h后B组镇痛效果明显优于A组(P<0.05),且并发症发生率小于A组(P<0.05). 结论剖宫产术后持续硬膜外腔注入适量吗啡和布比卡因复合液,不仅提高镇痛效果,且不良反应也较单次给药为少.     

地佐辛复合左布比卡因在剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的效果观察

目的:比较地佐辛和吗啡在剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的效果与不良反应,探讨地佐辛用于剖宫产术后镇痛的可行性.方法:选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级的剖宫产病人80例,随机分为两组:每组40例,A组为地佐辛组,配方为:地佐辛10mg+0.5%盐酸左布比卡因25ml;B组为吗啡组:吗啡5mg+0.5%盐酸左布比卡因25ml,均用生理盐水稀释至100ml,加入镇痛泵术后行硬膜外镇痛.负荷剂量为5ml,持续剂量2ml/h,观察两组的镇痛效果,采用VAS评分法,并同时观察两组恶心呕吐,皮肤搔痒,呼吸抑制及尿潴留等不良反应的发生情况.结果:A组和B组镇痛效果均较好,VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组不良反应明显低于B组(P<0.05).结论:地佐辛复合低浓度左布比卡因用于剖宫产病人术后硬膜外镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生少,值得临床应用.     

布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后硬膜外的镇痛效果观察

目的 观察布托啡诺在剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛中的应用效果.方法 患者100例,于麻醉前分为A、B、C、D、E组,在剖宫产手术后行硬膜外镇痛.A组:布比卡因75mg;B组:布比卡因75mg 吗啡4mg;C组:布比卡因75mg 布托啡诺1mg;D组:布比卡因75mg 布托啡诺2mg;E组:布比卡因75mg 布托啡诺4mg.观察各组的镇痛效果,呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、瘙痒的发生率.结果 B组和E组比较,术后各时点VAS差异无统计学意义,与B、E两组比较,A、C、D3组在术后4、12和24小时VAS均显著增高,恶心呕吐、瘙痒的发生率,8组较E组相比有显著的差异.结论 0.004%布托啡诺硬膜外持续泵注应用于剖宫产术后镇痛安全有效.     

东茛菪碱对吗啡、氟哌利多硬膜外术后镇痛副作用的预防

目的 观察东莨菪碱对吗啡、氟哌利多硬膜外术后镇痛副作用的预防以及最佳剂量. 方法 150例妇产科手术病人被随机分为五组,每组30例.分别采用5组配方行硬膜外术后自控镇痛,除了各自不同的配伍药物外每组均含有布比卡因125 mg、吗啡5 mg,并用生理盐水稀释至100 ml.BMD组:氟哌利多5 mg;BMS1组:东莨菪碱0.3 mg;BMS2组:东莨菪碱0.6 mg.BMDS1组:氟哌利多2.5 mg 东莨菪碱0.3 mg.BMDS2组:氟哌利多5 mg 东莨菪碱0.6 mg.观察术后不同时点的呼吸循环参数以及VAS评分、Ramey镇静评分以及恶心呕吐、锥体外系反应、皮肤瘙痒的发生率. 结果 各组的VAS评分和镇静评分均低于3,各组间、组内不同时点比较无显著性差异.恶心的发生率BMS1组明显高于BMD、BMS2、和BMDS2组,差异非常显著,P＜0.01.除BMD组外,其它组无锥体外系反应发生. 结论 东莨菪碱能够明显降低吗啡的恶心呕吐发生率和消除氟哌利多的锥体外系反应,0.6 mg东莨菪碱配伍吗啡和布比卡因配方最好.     

小剂量吗啡与芬太尼联合硬膜外镇痛对剖宫产术后镇痛效果和肠功能的影响

目的：探讨硬膜外联合应用小剂量吗啡与芬太尼对剖宫产术后镇痛效果及肠功能的影响。方法：选择需剖宫产手术的临产妇300例,随机分为M、MF及F三组,每组100例。所有产妇均于L2～3间隙行连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉,手术结束前5min注入布比卡因15mg＋吗啡1mg配成5mL为负荷量,然后接上一次性微量镇痛泵,M组镇痛液：布比卡因150mg＋吗啡4mg＋生理盐水配成100mL;MF组镇痛液：布比卡因150mg＋吗啡2mg＋芬太尼0.2mg＋生理盐水配成100mL;F组镇痛液：布比卡因150mg＋芬太尼0.4mg＋生理盐水配成100mL。三组镇痛泵输注模式相同：背景量2.0mL/h,自控镇痛量0.5mL,锁定时间15min。比较三组产妇术后镇痛效果及肠功能。结果：三组镇痛效果满意,组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。但首次肛门排气时间M组明显延迟（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,MF组、F组各组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：小剂量吗啡与芬太尼的硬膜外联合应用对剖宫产术后镇痛效果良好,并且不影响术后肠蠕动功能的恢复,值得临床推广。     

东莨菪碱用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床研究

目的研究东莨菪碱对乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛镇痛镇静效果的影响,及其对术后恶心呕吐的预防治疗作用。方法选择乳腺癌手术患者48例,随机分为东莨菪碱组(S组)和对照组(C组),S组采用东莨菪碱1.8 mg+丁丙诺啡0.6 mg+布比卡因300 mg;C组用丁丙诺啡0,6 mg+布比卡因300 mg,行硬膜外自控镇痛。分别于术后2 h、8 h、24 h、48 h各时点行VAS镇痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分,并对两组患者有效PCA按压次数及不良反应进行观察记录。结果 (1)两组患者镇痛镇静效果均满意,组间比较不同时点Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后各时点VAS评分S组低于C组(P0.05),C组有效PCA按压次数多于S组(P0.05)。(2)S组术后恶心呕吐发生率低于C组(P0.05),其他不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论东莨菪碱可提高乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的镇痛效果,对术后恶心呕吐具有预防治疗作用。     

3种麻醉药物椎管内超前镇痛对剖宫产术后镇痛效果的影响

目的比较3种麻醉药物椎管内超前镇痛对剖宫产术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选取2015年5月至2016年5月在张家口市第五医院接受剖宫产且术后接受镇痛的480例产妇为研究对象,依据镇痛方法分为盐酸氢吗啡酮组280例、吗啡组100例及布比卡因组100例。3组产妇均做术前常规准备,L2~3间隙腰-硬联合麻醉,分别于手术结束15 min前以盐酸氢吗啡酮0.20 mg、吗啡2.00 mg、布比卡因18.75 mg,加入9 g·L-1氯化钠8 m L硬膜外导管单次注入,术毕拔除硬膜外导管,常规行术后静脉镇痛;于入室时及气管导管拔除后5 min抽取肘静脉血测定血浆多巴胺(DA)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平,术后6、12、24、48 h采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)记录镇痛效果,Ramsay镇静评分记录镇静效果。结果盐酸氢吗啡酮组产妇术后6、12、24、48 h VAS评分优于吗啡组和布比卡因组(P<0.05),且吗啡组低于布比卡因组(P<0.05);3组产妇术后6、12、24、48 h Ramsay评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气管导管拔除后5 min 3组产妇DA、E、NE水平较麻醉前均升高(P<0.05),且盐酸氢吗啡酮组显著低于吗啡组和布比卡因组(P<0.05)。结论椎管内盐酸氢吗啡酮单次给药超前镇痛效果较吗啡和布比卡因好,且不影响术后苏醒质量,并能降低应激反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.