抢救重度骨盆骨折并失血性休克的体会

骨盆骨折是一种严重外伤，多由直接暴力骨盆挤压所致，多见于交通事故和塌方。骨盆骨折创伤半数以上伴有合并症或多发伤。最严重的是创伤性失血性休克及盆腔脏器合并伤，救治不当有很高的死亡率。本院2008年急诊抢救了5例骨盆骨折并失血性休克病人，现报告如下。     

ICU运用损伤控制外科理论救治严重多发伤的临床研究

目的 探讨在重症监护病房(ICU)中运用损伤控制外科理论救治严重多发伤的临床效果.方法 回顾总结130例严重多发损伤患者,按救治原则分为实验组(损伤控制组)和对照组(常规组).比较两组得到确定性治疗的时间、手术时间以及病死率、救治成功率的差异.结果 严重多发伤患者在ICU经过损伤控制外科理论救治后,患者得到确定性治疗的时间和手术持续时间较对照组缩短(P＜0.05);救治后患者的病死率降低,救治成功率提高(P＜0.05).结论 由ICU主导应用损伤控制外科理论救治严重多发伤能明显缩短确定性治疗时间、手术时间,显著降低病死率,提高教治成功率;ICU主导多科协作模式对严重多发伤救治具有重要的临床指导意义.     

严重胸伤为主的多发伤一体化救治疗效分析

目的探讨严重胸伤为主的多发伤急诊一体化救治的临床效果。方法严重胸伤为主的多发伤患者268例,其中2005年10月～2007年12月采用传统模式救治122例患者(对照组)、2008年1月～2010年12月开展急诊一体化救治146例患者(观察组),比较两组的救治效果。结果两组早期病死率、早期漏诊率、获得确定性治疗时间、急诊室滞留时间、入院至急诊手术时间比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),观察组优于对照组。结论实施急诊一体化救治严重胸伤为主的多发伤是提高其成功率的有效途径。     

院前急救对老年严重多发伤预后的影响

目的探讨院前急救对老年严重多发伤预后的影响。方法对该院急诊科2012年1⁶月收治的62例老年严重多发伤患者实施院前急救(急救组),分析其受伤至救治时间、有效救治时间、ICU停留天数和住院天数、并发症及伤后6个月的预后情况,并与60例未经院前急救的老年严重多发伤患者作对比(对照组)。结果急救组的有效救治时间长于对照组(P<0.01),受伤至救治时间、ICU停留天数、住院天数均短于对照组(P<0.01P<0.05);急性呼吸窘迫综合证、多器官衰竭、应激性溃疡、腹腔感染的发生率均低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);预后良好和中残例数多于对照组(P<0.05),植物人状态和死亡例数少于对照组(P<0.01)。结论老年严重多发伤的病情发展较快,院前急救可缩短老年严重多发伤患者受伤至救治时间并增加有效救治时间,减少多种严重并发症的发生率,改善患者预后。     

基层医院严重多发伤1091例临床分析

为全面了解基层医院严重多发伤的原因、伤情及救治等情况,我们对1999年1月～2008年12月本院收治的1091例严重多发伤患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。     

以严重胸腹伤为主的多发伤在ICU救治分析

目的探讨以严重胸腹伤为主的多发伤在ICU中的救治策略。方法分析2002年8月至2012年1月在我院综合ICU收治的以严重胸腹伤为主的多发伤198例患者的临床治疗情况,总结在严重多发伤治疗过程中的几个主要的问题以及相关分析。结果在本组救治的198例患者,深静脉置管175例次,行紧急床边气管插管83例次,机械通气142例次,肺部感染、肺不张28例,急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)36例,应激性溃疡12例,多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)47例;15例腹腔脏器损伤因延迟诊断,于受伤24～132 h后手术;对33例伴有严重腹部损伤,ISS评分≥30分的多发伤患者实施了分阶段的创伤控制外科技术。抢救成功174例,死亡24例(12.1%),早期死亡主要原因为原发性损伤过重直接导致呼吸循环衰竭,后期主要死于多脏器功能衰竭。结论对于严重胸腹伤为主的多发伤患者的救治措施,应采取先救命后诊治,多专业协同救治的方法,在解决严重多发伤的外科情况同时,及时地处理患者在ICU治疗中的问题,积极保护脏器的功能,尽可能减少严重并发症、后遗症的发生。     

严重多发伤合并休克269例救治体会

严重多发伤患者常合并不同程度的休克,患者伤情重、病情复杂,易发生各种生理功能紊乱。1997年12月-2009年4月,我院共救治严重多发伤合并休克患者269例。现报告如下。     

损伤控制外科理念在严重多发伤合并连枷胸糖尿病患者处置中的应用价值

目的探讨损害控制外科原则(DCS)治疗严重多发伤合并连枷胸糖尿病患者的临床价值。方法2017年1—12月未应用DCS原则治疗的严重多发伤合并连枷胸糖尿病患者46例作为对照组,2018年1—12月应用DCS原则治疗的严重多发伤合并连枷胸糖尿病患者51例作为研究组。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗1 d后和治疗5 d后的平均血糖值。比较两组患者的严重创伤"致死性三联征"发生率和两组救治成功率。结果研究组治疗1、5 d后的平均血糖值均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者严重创伤"致死性三联征"(低体温、酸中毒和创伤性凝血病)发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组救治成功率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用DCS原则救治严重多发伤合并连枷胸糖尿病患者可以明显提高救治成功率。需要注意的是,救治早期就要严格控制血糖,有利于改善预后。     

严重腹部损伤并多发伤的救治

严重腹部损伤并多发伤患者病情危重复杂，易误诊、漏诊，病死率高。现结合我们收治的54例患者的临床资料，就严重腹部损伤并多发伤的救治程序、诊治原则及术后处理进行讨论。     

重型颅脑外伤合并多发伤救治及预后分析研究

目的：重型颅脑外伤患者合并多发伤救治及预后的分析研究.方法：回顾性分析重型颅脑外伤患者299例合并多发伤救治及预后的影响因素.结果：脑干功能衰竭、严重休克、多器官功能衰竭、严重肺部感染是致死原因.结论：高度重视多发伤的诊治,早期诊断,避免漏诊是抢救成功的基础.迅速、果断、正确处理致命伤是抢救成功的关键.多器官功能衰竭及并发症的防治是降低死亡率的重要环节.     

Chest trauma

Chest trauma is a frequent problem arising from lesions caused by domestic and occupational activities and especially road traffic accidents. These injuries can be analyzed from distinct points of view, ranging from consideration of the most severe injuries, especially in the context of multiple trauma, to the specific characteristics of blunt and open trauma. In the present article, these injuries are discussed according to the involvement of the various thoracic structures. Rib fractures are the most frequent chest injuries and their diagnosis and treatment is straightforward, although these injuries can be severe if more than three ribs are affected and when there is major associated morbidity. Lung contusion is the most common visceral lesion. These injuries are usually found in severe chest trauma and are often associated with other thoracic and intrathoracic lesions. Treatment is based on general support measures. Pleural complications, such as hemothorax and pneumothorax, are also frequent. Their diagnosis is also straightforward and treatment is based on pleural drainage. This article also analyzes other complex situations, notably airway trauma, which is usually very severe in blunt chest trauma and less severe and even suitable for conservative treatment in iatrogenic injury due to tracheal intubation. Rupture of the diaphragm usually causes a diaphragmatic hernia. Treatment is always surgical. Myocardial contusions should be suspected in anterior chest trauma and in sternal fractures. Treatment is conservative. Other chest injuries, such as those of the great thoracic and esophageal vessels, are less frequent but are especially severe.     

PELVIC INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

The occurrence of pelvic insufficiency fractures in patientswith rheumatoid arthritis has not previously been well emphasized.These fractures are difficult to detect clinically and appropriateradiological investigation is necessary for diagnosis. We describefive patients with a spectrum of radiological features and discussthe approach to diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. KEY WORDS: Stress fractures, Insufficiency fractures, Osteoporosis, Pelvic fractures, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sacral fractures     

Pelvic Fractures in Children Results from the German Pelvic Trauma Registry: A Cohort Study

As pelvic fractures in children and adolescents are very rare, the surgical management is not well delineated nor are the postoperative complications. The aim of this study using the prospective data from German Pelvic Trauma Registry study was to evaluate the various treatment approaches compared to adults and delineated the differences in postoperative complications after pelvic injuries.Using the prospective pelvic trauma registry established by the German Society of Traumatology and the German Section of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO), International in 1991, patients with pelvic fractures over a 12-year time frame submitted by any 1 of the 23 member level I trauma centers were reviewed.We identified a total of 13,525 patients including pelvic fractures in 13,317 adults and 208 children aged ≤14 years and compared these 2 groups. The 2 groups’ Injury Severitiy Score (ISS) did not differ statistically. Lethality in the pediatric group was 6.3%, not statistically different from the adults’ 4.6%. In all, 18.3% of the pediatric pelvic fractures were treated surgically as compared to 22.7% in the adult group. No child suffered any thrombosis/embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure (MOF), or neurologic deficit, nor was any septic MOF detected. The differences between adults and children were statistically significant in that the children suffered less frequently from thrombosis/embolism (P = 0.041) and ARDS and MOF (P = 0.006).This prospective multicenter study addressing patients with pelvic fractures reveals that the risk for a thrombosis/embolism, ARDS, and MOF is significant lower in pediatric patients than in adults. No statistical differences could be found in the ratios of operative therapy of the pelvic fractures in children compared to adults.     

Stress fractures

Stress fractures are common over-use injuries which include fatigue and insufficiency fractures. Athletes, soldiers and osteoporotic patients are some of the individuals at high risk for the development of this injury. Owing to the low sensitivity of plain radiography at the onset of symptoms the diagnosis of this entity may be easily overlooked. Occasionally, some of these fractures, such as tibial fracture in children and fractures in the clavicle and pelvic ring, can be misdiagnosed as tumoral or infectious processes; moreover, although most stress fractures are uncomplicated and can be managed by rest and restriction from precipitating activity, a subset of these fractures can present a high risk for progression to complete fracture or non-union problems. All of this indicates that the various types of stress fracture, owing to their different clinical characteristics and evolution, should be commented on in detail. In this chapter different types of stress fracture are described with special reference to their localization, clinical characteristics, evolution and treatment.     

Fall prevention in nursing homes

The incidence of falls and fall-related injuries such as hip fractures remains high in nursing homes (NHs) across the world. Randomized controlled trials have shown that interventions that combine multiple components such as progressive exercise, medication review, and improvements in the person-environment fit and delivered by multidisciplinary teams can effectively reduce the number of falls and fallers. Vitamin D supplementation in adequate dosage is another effective method to reduce the burden of injuries in NHs. Single interventions such as exercise alone or insufficient organizational support are reasons for failure or even harmful consequences. Large-scale efforts are needed and justified to translate these findings into meaningful results.     

The diabetic charcot foot: MRI discloses bone stress injury as trigger mechanism of neuroarthropathy.

It is generally accepted that traumatic bone injury contributes to the clinical picture of neuroarthropathy of the foot in diabetes, i.e., of the diabetic Charcot foot. While radiology is capable of visualizing only advanced bone injuries, like complete fractures, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) discloses bone injuries that precede complete fractures (stress bone injuries). In diabetic polyneuropathy, stress bone injuries are silent in terms of pain, due to the lack of pain sensation. At the foot, their clinical appearance is characterized by inflammatory swelling with little or no pain. The present paper reviews the contribution of MRI to the detection of bone injuries in what is called stage 0 Charcot foot, with emphasis on the bearings for the treatment strategy.     

Orthopaedic injuries following falls by hospital in-patients

BACKGROUND: Falls are one of the most frequent episodes on the hospital wards. Objective: To identify orthopaedic injuries sustained by in-patients falling on the hospital wards and to find out what treatment these required along with the additional time and cost that this incurred. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 900 incident forms and case records was undertaken for a 3-year period. Fractures and other soft-tissue injuries sustained and time, place, and mode of injury were noted. Type of fractures sustained and specific treatment required including operative procedure needed were studied. The cost of each treatment and the total cost in terms of time and money were calculated. RESULTS: We identified 42 patients with orthopaedic injuries; 53% of the falls were recorded on medical wards. A poor pre-fall mobility was an important factor in over 80% of the cases, and a variety of medical conditions pre-existed in the elderly ill patients. Eighteen patients (42%) sustained hip fractures, of whom 15 patients (36%) required surgical treatment. There were 9 deaths in total, 5 of them occurred in patients with hip fractures. The cost of treating the injuries amounted to about GBP 70,000. An additional hospital stay of 56 weeks in total was needed, most patients requiring between 1 and 5 weeks of additional stay. CONCLUSIONS: Falls in elderly in-patients can result in a variety of skeletal injuries. These may require major operative procedures and result in significant morbidity and can prove fatal. The treatment of these injuries is a substantial added expenditure to the trust.     

Das Stufenkonzept der Polytraumaversorgung

The need for a staged management in the treatment of multiple trauma results from life threatening injury. In the emergency room vital injuries have to be identified. From the beginning, surgical treatment should improve patient’s conditions. Life savings procedures have priority. For fracture treatment the concepts of Early Total Care (ETC) and Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) can be applied. Most fractures are treated using DCO principles including reduction and temporary stabilization by external fixator. Some problematic situations require early definitive osteosynthesis, if alternatives with lower risk for the polytraumatized patient do not exist. The focus of all surgical procedures is to ensure adequate intensive care treatment for the patient. After restoring stabile homeostasis definitive osteosynthesis is performed usually 5–10 days after trauma. Using this principle of staged management in the years 2000–2005, a total of 1435 multiple trauma patients with an ISS of 26 points were treated at the Traumacenter Murnau. Mortality was 15%.     

Simulated Activity But Real Trauma: A Systematic Review on Nintendo Wii Injuries Based on a Case Report of an Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Video gaming injuries are classically regarded as eccentric accidents and novelty diagnoses. A case of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear sustained during Wii boxing spurned us to review the literature for other Wii-related injuries and Wii-based posttraumatic rehabilitation.The English literature listed in PubMed was systematically reviewed by searching for “Wii (trauma or injury or fracture).” Full-text articles were included after duplicate, blinded review. The type and treatment of injury as well as the Wii-based rehabilitation programs found were analyzed. Additionally, a new case of an acute ACL tear-sustained playing, Wii boxing, is additionally presented.After exclusion of irrelevant articles, 13 articles describing Wii-related injuries were included reporting on 3 fractures, 6 nonosseous, 2 overuse injuries, and 2 rehabilitation programs using Wii for posttraumatic rehabilitation. Among the presented Wii-related injuries, only 12.5% were treated conservatively, whereas 87.5% underwent either surgical or interventional treatment.Because of the reported case, the literature search was limited to Wii-related injuries excluding other video games. Another limitation of this article lies in the fact that mainly case reports but no controlled trials exist on the topic. Assumingly, primarily the more severe injuries are reported in the literature with an unknown number of possibly minor injuries.Motion-controlled video games, such as Wii, are becoming increasingly popular as a recreational entertainment. Because of their wide acceptance and entertaining nature, they are also increasingly recognized as a tool in rehabilitation. However, although the activity is simulated, injuries are real. Our systematic review shows that Wii gaming can lead to severe injuries, sometimes with lasting limitations.     

Hemothorax--an unusual presentation of spinal fracture in ankylosing spondylitis

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis are susceptible to spinal fractures. In many cases there is no history of associated trauma or only minor trauma. The instability of such fractures and complicating neurologic sequelae are well documented. We describe an unusual complication of ankylosing spondylitis, hemothorax secondary to spinal fracture, that to our knowledge has not been previously reported. Further, we reemphasize that the instability of such fractures may lead to significant paravertebral soft tissue and vascular injuries.