氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林对老年不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板聚集的影响

目的观察氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林对老年不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板聚集功能的影响。方法选择老年不稳定性心绞痛患者120例,随机分为阿司匹林组、低剂量联合组(氯吡格雷25 mg)、中剂量联合组(氯吡格雷50mg)、高剂量联合组(氯吡格雷75 mg),每组30例。观察时间为8周,治疗前后测患者血小板颗粒膜蛋白140(GMP-140)浓度及分别用二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和花生四烯酸(AA)为诱导剂的血小板聚集率,记录临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,治疗8周后,阿司匹林组、低、中和高剂量联合组GMP-140浓度、ADP介导的血小板聚集率显著降低[(15.3±2.9)μg/L vs(9.7±1.5)μg/L、(16.7±3.4)μg/L vs(8.9±2.3)μg/L、(14.9±3.0)μg/L vs(5.1±1.4)μg/L、(16.4±3.5)μg/L vs(7.8±2.2)μg/L,(43.5±9.8)%vs(24.3±8.9)%、(41.0±7.8)%vs(20.3±8.1)%、(44.3±9.2)%vs(21.5±8.7)%、(43.9±7.6)%vs(20.6±8.0)%,P0.05];AA介导的血小板聚集率4组治疗后较治疗前明显降低[(28.7±9.1)%vs(16.1±7.4)%、(29.2±9.3)%vs(17.2±8.5)%、(30.1±10.1)%vs(17.9±9.4)%、(28.8±8.5)%vs(25.7±8.6)%,P0.05],4组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。低、中、高剂量联合组总有效率均高于阿司匹林组(93.33%、96.67%、96.67%vs 86.67%,P0.05)。仅高联合组出现2例不良反应。结论应用氯吡格雷50mg联合阿司匹林对老年不稳定性心绞痛患者双联抗血小板聚集治疗最为适合。     

替普瑞酮联合法莫替丁治疗非萎缩性胃炎的疗效观察

目的观察替普瑞酮联合法莫替丁治疗非萎缩性胃炎的疗效。方法 90例门诊非萎缩性胃炎病人随机分为治疗组45例,替普瑞酮50mgpotid及法莫替丁20mgpobid;对照组45例,使用法莫替丁20mgpobid疗程均为6周。结果治疗组临床症状改善总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组胃镜有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论替普瑞酮联合法莫替丁治疗非萎缩性胃炎疗效优于单用法莫替丁。     

急性冠状动脉综合征合并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷抗血小板疗效及预后研究

目的应用血栓弹力图评价替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并糖尿病(DM)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后抗血小板治疗的疗效和预后。方法入选2016年6月至2017年1月期间在陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科住院治疗的ACS合并DM患者100例。采用前瞻性、随机对照的研究方法,按随机数字表分为两组:氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组,每组50例。PCI术后24~48 h行血栓弹力图检测,比较两组花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板抑制率和二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板抑制率以及最大血凝块幅度(MAADP)。术后随访6个月,比较两组主要不良心血管事件(MACE)、出血事件和呼吸困难的发生率。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理。根据数据类型,分别采用t检验或x~2检验进行组间比较。结果与氯吡格雷组相比,替格瑞洛组AA抑制率[(72.3±26.6)%vs(54.0±31.4)%,P=0.041]和ADP抑制率[(76.5±22.1)%vs(43.4±28.7)%,P=0.016]均显著增高,MAADP幅度显著降低[(33.2±10.5)vs(48.2±13.6)mm,P=0.024]。替格瑞洛组AA抑制率50%(14.0%vs38.0%,P=0.006)和ADP抑制率30%(6.0%vs28.0%,P=0.003)的患者数量显著低于氯吡格雷组。术后6个月替格瑞洛组MACE发生率较氯吡格雷组显著降低(8.2%vs 22.9%,P=0.045);两组出血事件和呼吸困难发生率间差异无统计学意义。结论对于ACS合并DM患者,PCI术后服用替格瑞洛的抗血小板疗效明显优于氯吡格雷。     

急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病病人不同血糖控制水平对氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛血小板反应性的影响

目的明确血糖控制水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛血小板反应性的影响。方法选取2014年12月—2015年11月在山西医科大学附属心血管病医院冠心病重症监护室住院行冠脉介入治疗的AMI合并T2DM病人160例,随机分为氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组各80例,再根据入院时糖化血红蛋白水平分别分为血糖控制良好组和血糖控制不良组。治疗第7天行血栓弹力图检测腺苷二磷酸(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集抑制率(IPA)。结果 1氯吡格雷组血糖控制良好亚组ADP诱导的IPA高于血糖控制不良亚组[(68.6±23.3)%vs(50.1±23.8)%,P=0.015],血糖控制良好亚组中氯吡格雷反应低下者均少于血糖控制不良亚组(11例,15例,P=0.016);2替格瑞洛组血糖控制良好亚组ADP诱导的IPA高于血糖控制不良亚组[(73.9±23.6)%vs(63.4±20.5)%,P=0.009],血糖控制良好亚组中替格瑞洛反应低下者少于血糖控制不良亚组(3例,9例,P=0.039)。3氯吡格雷组血糖控制不良亚组ADP诱导IPA低于替格瑞洛组血糖控制不良亚组[(50.1±23.8)%vs(63.4±20.5)%,P=0.037];氯吡格雷组血糖控制良好亚组和血糖控制不良亚组药物低反应者均多于替格瑞洛组(11例vs 3例,P=0.044;15例vs 9例,P=0.032)。结论 AMI合并T2DM病人血糖控制水平影响氯吡格雷、替格瑞洛抗血小板反应性;替格瑞洛治疗IPA高于氯吡格雷。     

冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI术后碎裂QRS波的影响

目的探讨冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗术后体表心电图出现碎裂QRS波(f QRS)的影响。方法连续入选150例接受直接PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者,随机分成冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班组(替罗非班组,n=75)和常规治疗组(n=75),观察住院48 h内体表心电图f QRS的发生率以及术后住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果两组临床基本特征无显著差别。替罗非班组术后校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)较常规组少[(23±7)帧vs.(30±10)帧,P0.05];肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值浓度显著低于常规治疗组[(245±162)U/L vs.(311±180)U/L,P0.05],而左心室射血分数(LVEF)值则显著高于常规治疗组[(51±6)%vs.(47±7)%,P0.05],同时,术后替罗非班组和常规治疗组f QRS发生率分别41%(30/75)和57%(43/75),两组之间比较差异显著,P0.05)。两组住院期间MACE事件有差异,但未达到统计学意义(5%vs.12%)。结论冠脉注射高剂量替罗非班能改善心肌灌注,降低术后体表心电图f QRS发生率,提高心脏功能。     

替格瑞洛联合西洛他唑在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后低体重患者中抗血小板治疗的安全性和有效性

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后低体重患者替格瑞洛联合不同剂量西洛他唑抗血小板治疗的疗效与安全性。方法纳入体重≤65 kg,阿司匹林不耐受的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者148例随机分为四组,即氯吡格雷分别联合西洛他唑50 mg组(CC50 mg组)和西洛他唑100 mg组(CC100 mg组),以及替格瑞洛分别联合西洛他唑50 mg组(TC50 mg组)和西洛他唑100 mg组(TC100 mg组)。分别于治疗后第7天和第30天检测血小板聚集程度比较分析。随访6个月,观察主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果治疗后第7天检测血小板聚集程度,TC 100 mg组花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板聚集程度明显低于CC50 mg组、CC100 mg组、TC50 mg组[(0.71±0.63)比(1.22±0.79),P=0.029、[(0.71±0.63)比(1.03±0.65),P=0.031]、[(0.71±0.63)比(1.11±1.02),P=0.034];TC50 mg组腺苷二磷酸(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集程度显著低于CC50 mg组[(2.03±2.50)比(3.23±2.60),P=0.025];TC100 mg组ADP诱导的血小板聚集程度明显低于CC50 mg组、CC100 mg组、TC50 mg组[(1.86±1.24比(3.23±2.60),P=0.018](1.86±1.24)比(3.09±2.12),P=0.019]、[(1.86±1.24)比(2.03±2.50),P=0.012],差异均有统计学意义。第30天复查血小板聚集程度,TC100 mg组AA诱导的血小板聚集程度明显低于CC50 mg组、CC100 mg组、TC50 mg组[(0.82±0.76)比(1.26±0.87),P=0.021]、[(0.82±0.76)比(1.15±0.66),P=0.028]、[(0.82±0.76)比(1.11±0.79),P=0.031];TC50 mg组ADP诱导的血小板聚集程度显著低于CC50 mg组[(2.04±1.70)比(3.03±1.98),P=0.027];TC100 mg组ADP诱导的血小板聚集程度明显低于CC50 mg组、CC100 mg组、TC50 mg组[(1.78±1.07)比(3.03±1.98),P=0.007]、[(1.78±1.07)比(2.09±1.52),P=0.009]、[(1.78±1.07)比(2.04±1.70),P=0.009],差异均有统计学意义。随访6个月,主要不良心血管事件发生率,四组比较,差异无统计学意义。总出血事件比较,CC50 mg组总出血风险低于其他三组,差异无统计学意义。结论低体重(≤65 kg)ACS患者PCI术后抗血小板治疗,替格瑞洛联合西洛他唑50 mg抗血小板治疗安全有效,且出血风险小。     

埃索美拉唑和替普瑞酮对功能性消化不良影响的对比研究

目的探讨埃索美拉唑和替普瑞酮对H.pylori阴性功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)患者症状评分及胃肠道嗜酸粒细胞的影响。方法基线时对FD患者进行腹部症状问卷调查、胃镜检查、病理学检查、H.pylori检测。对H.pylori阴性者行埃索美拉唑或替普瑞酮治疗。第2周和第6周分别行腹部症状问卷调查,部分患者第6周末复查胃镜检查及病理学检查。结果第2周末时埃索美拉唑组和替普瑞酮组的症状均较基线时明显改善。第6周末时埃索美拉唑组症状评分较基线时也明显改善,但替普瑞酮组未见显著改变。第6周末时埃索美拉唑组较替普瑞酮组的症状显著减轻。治疗前后埃索美拉唑组与替普瑞酮组在胃十二指肠嗜酸性粒细胞计数及集簇率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论埃索美拉唑对H.pylori阴性FD患者的治疗效果优于替普瑞酮。埃索美拉唑和替普瑞酮均不影响H.pylori阴性FD患者的胃十二指肠嗜酸性粒细胞计数及集簇率。     

替米沙坦联合瑞舒伐他汀对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者肝细胞生长因子和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ的影响

目的探讨替米沙坦联合瑞舒伐他汀对T2DM合并冠心病患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)及其受体(c-met)和PPAR-γ表达水平的影响。方法选取95例T2DM合并冠心病患者,将其分为对照组、替米沙坦组和替米沙坦联合瑞舒伐他汀组。检测各组血清HGF、c-met和PPAR-γ水平。结果与对照组比较,替米沙坦组、替米沙坦联合瑞舒伐他汀组治疗后HGF[(338.96±36.51)vs(241.56±29.88)vs(173.23±32.25)pg/ml]、c-met[(0.657±0.162)vs(0.489+0.093)vs(0.247±0.075)ng/m1]和PPAR-γ[(53.76±11.97)vs(35.12±9.66)vs(23.91±6.87)pg/ml]水平降低(P0.05),且替米沙坦联合瑞舒伐他汀组上述指标较替米沙坦组下降更明显(P0.05)。结论替米沙坦与他汀类药物联合应用可能改善T2DM合并冠心病患者血管的内皮损伤,为临床防治糖尿病早期冠状动脉粥样硬化提供了新的思路。     

血小板膜及血清P选择素在急性冠脉综合征中的临床意义

目的 探讨血小板膜P选择素的表达率及血清P选择素的浓度在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronarysyndrome,ACS)中的临床意义.方法 采用间接免疫荧光流式细胞术和双抗夹心酶联免疫测定法分别检测30例ACS患者、20例稳定型心绞痛(stable angina,SA)患者和25例正常对照者(经冠状动脉造影检查提示冠状动脉正常)血小板膜P选择素表达率和血清P选择素浓度,并进行统计分析.结果 ACS组血小板膜P选择素表达率显著高于SA组[(17.19±8.05)%vs.(13.09±6.25)%,P<0.05],并显著高于对照组[(17.19±8.05)%vs.(10.83±5.76)%,P<0.05],SA组和对照组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).ACS组血清P-选择素的浓度显著高于SA组[(43.98±14.71)ng/ml vs.(36.14±13.42)ng/ml,P<0.05],并显著高于对照组[(43.98±14.71)ng/ml vs.(33.34±11.05)ng/ml,P<0.05],SA组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)患者血小板膜P选择素表达率与血清P-选择素浓度呈正相关(r=0.295,P=0.017).结论 检测血清P选择素浓度对预测ACS发生、发展有重要的参考价值.     

胺碘酮联合艾司洛尔静脉注射治疗室性心动过速的临床疗效研究

目的探讨胺碘酮联合艾司洛尔静脉注射治疗室性心动过速的临床疗效。方法选择2016年10月～2017年10月我院心血管内科收治的室性心动过速患者77例,按照住院号单双号法分为对照组39例和观察组38例。对照组给予胺碘酮治疗,观察组给予胺碘酮联合艾司洛尔治疗。比较2组患者治疗前后的心率、收缩压、舒张压等指标变化情况,评估2组临床疗效,并观察2组不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,2组治疗后心率、收缩压及舒张压明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。且观察组治疗后心率[(71±14)次/min vs (101±16)次/min]、收缩压[(110±17) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0. 133 k Pa) vs (139±12) mm Hg]及舒张压[(72±12) mm Hg vs (88±11) mm Hg]明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(97. 37%vs 76. 92%,P 0. 05)。对照组与观察组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论室性心动过速采用胺碘酮联合艾司洛尔静脉注射治疗,疗效显著,能够显著改善患者心率、收缩压、舒张压指标,且不良反应少,安全性高。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.