��ǻ��ѹ���˸�ǻ���ŵ���ʽѡ������

腹腔开放是损伤控制外科的重要组成部分,不但用于腹部外伤和感染等普外科疾病的救治,也用于救治烧伤或液体复苏过程中产生的腹腔高压。腹腔开放包括两大要素:开放腹腔和暂时性腹腔关闭,二者缺一不可。开放腹腔的主要目的是降低腹内压,暂时性腹腔关闭技术能够保护腹内脏器、引流腹腔液体,减少或避免腹壁回缩和并发症的发生。暂时性腹腔关闭方法分三类,分别为关闭皮肤法,关闭筋膜法和负压辅助关腹法。关闭皮肤法简单方便,但后期修复腹壁困难较大。负压辅助关腹技术并发症少,早期确定性腹腔关闭成功率高,应用越来越广泛。     

暂时性腹腔关闭与常规关腹技术治疗严重腹腔感染的临床对比

目的观察暂时性腹腔关闭(temporary abdominal closure,TAC)与常规关腹技术在严重腹腔感染中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2014年7月15例严重腹腔感染的临床资料,其中8例采用负压封闭引流关闭系统(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)行暂时性关腹,7例常规关腹。比较2组术后腹内压变化、创面愈合时间、术后并发症等。结果常规关腹组术后72 h内腹内压逐渐升高,术后6~72 h各监测的时间点均高于暂时性关腹组(P0.01)。暂时性关腹组术后腹内压变化相对平稳(波动在7.7~18.1 mm Hg之间),创面愈合早[(11.3±1.8)d vs.(19.4±6.7)d,t=-3.142,P=0.005],切口感染少[12.5%(1/8)vs.100%(6/6),P=0.005]。结论暂时性腹腔关闭技术在治疗严重腹腔感染中能有效地预防腹内压升高,促进创面愈合,减少术后并发症,疗效确切。     

腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术关闭疝环105例疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术关闭疝环的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2010年6月至2015年12月行腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术关闭疝环的105例病人临床资料。结果 105例病人无中转开放手术。手术时间为(102.6±41.9)min,术后下床活动时间为(1.3±0.5)d,术后肠排气时间为(1.5±0.6)d。15例(14.3%)病人术后3 d内应用止痛药。术后住院时间为(4.2±1.5)d。术中肠管损伤1例(1.1%),术后不完全性肠梗阻1例(1.1%),切口感染2例(1.9%)。术后92例病人获得随访,随访时间为4~69个月,1例(1.1%)复发。未发现血清肿、补片膨出、补片感染及慢性疼痛等并发症。结论腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术关闭疝环并发症少、复发率低,安全可行。     

腹腔镜下腹腔内网片植入法和开放式肌后筋膜前补片修补法治疗腹壁切口疝的疗效比较

【摘要】 目的〓比较腹腔镜下腹腔内网片植入法(IPOM)和开放式肌后筋膜前补片修补法(Sublay)治疗腹壁切口疝的疗效。方法〓回顾性分析30例腹腔镜应用IPOM法和28例开放式应用Sublay法治疗腹壁切口疝的病例,比较其手术疗效及术后患者生活质量。结果〓两组手术时间、平均住院时间、术中出血量及术后并发症比较,腹腔镜组均明显优于开放手术组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论〓应用腹腔镜行IPOM治疗腹壁巨大切口疝安全可行,具有有创伤小,住院时间短,恢复快,术后并发症少的优点。     

负压辅助临时关腹技术用于腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘临床价值研究（附45例报告）

目的 研究腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘时应用负压辅助关腹（VAC）技术的可行性和对腹腔开放预后的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2012年2月至2015年2月南京军区南京总医院普通外科肠瘘治疗中心收治的45例肠瘘导致严重腹腔感染行腹腔开放治疗病人的临床资料。比较采用负压辅助关腹VAC和聚丙烯补片PPM关腹的治疗效果。结果 腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘时应用VAC技术可以明显缩短从腹腔开放到创面植皮的时间、ICU治疗时间和总住院时间,提高远期筋膜关腹率。结论 VAC技术是腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘的有效处理方式。     

暂时性腹腔关闭技术在腹腔间隔室综合征中的应用

目的探讨暂时性腹腔关闭技术在腹腔间隔室综合征中的应用。方法总结我院2006年1月至2009年12月共13例腹腔间隔室综合征应用暂时性腹腔关闭技术患者的临床资料,分析其治疗方法和效果。结果本组13例患者中,死亡1例,其余12例行确定性关腹,暂时性腹腔关闭平均11．6（7～48）d;确定性腹腔关闭后,切口的愈合时间为（15．3±8．4）d。出现切口疝1例。结论暂时性腹腔关闭技术是治疗腹腔间隔室综合征有效、安全、经济的方法。     

“夹心法”腹腔暂时关闭技术在严重腹部创伤中的应用

目的探讨腹腔暂时关闭加负压辅助吸引技术在救治严重腹部创伤病人中的作用。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2010年6月本院普外科应用腹腔暂时关闭加负压辅助吸引技术成功救治3例严重腹部创伤患者的过程。结果 3例患者均顺利治愈,未发生严重的并发症。结论在严重腹部创伤病人的救治中,合理有效应用腹腔暂时关闭加负压辅助吸引技术,可有效防治腹腔间室综合征的发生,提高严重腹部创伤病人的救治成功率。     

新辅助内分泌治疗联合腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗高危及局部晚期前列腺癌的临床研究

目的:探讨新辅助内分泌治疗联合腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗高危及局部晚期前列腺癌的可行性及临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月～2017年1月临沂市中心医院确诊的36例高危及局部晚期前列腺癌患者临床资料,先行3个月辅助内分泌治疗,再行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,术后即刻给予辅助内分泌治疗。结果:手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间为(201±21) min,平均出血量为(240±122) ml,平均住院时间为(20.6±2.3) d,平均术后留置尿管和引流管时间分别为(14.8±3.8) d和(5.6±2.8) d,切缘阳性5例(13.9%),淋巴结阳性11例(30.6%),术后尿失禁2例,尿瘘1例,勃起功能障碍22例。术后随访12～36个月,平均24个月,术后1年尿控满意率为91.6%(33/36),术后1、2年生化复发率分别为25.0%(9/36)和38.9%(14/36)。结论:新辅助内分泌治疗联合腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗高危及局部晚期前列腺癌安全、可行,但有较高的淋巴结阳性率和生化复发率,术后需要进一步治疗及随访观察。     

腹壁自体筋膜盆底悬吊术与腹腔镜下子宫颈悬吊术治疗盆底器官脱垂的疗效观察

目的:探讨腹壁自体筋膜盆底悬吊术与腹腔镜下子宫颈悬吊术治疗盆底器官脱垂的临床应用价值及对生活质量的影响。方法:将60例盆底器官脱垂患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组30例,观察组行腹壁自体筋膜盆底悬吊术,对照组行腹腔镜下子宫颈悬吊术,应用盆腔器官脱垂定量分度法评估手术效果。术后6个月采用盆底功能障碍问卷短表对患者生活质量进行调查,采用盆腔器官脱垂尿失禁性功能问卷对患者性生活质量进行调查。结果:观察组手术时间[(72.32±8.34)min]、术中出血量[(57.43±8.52)ml]、尿管留置时间[(3.23±0.54)d]、术后住院时间[(7.32±0.69)d]均多于对照组[(53.34±6.88)min、(45.65±7.43)ml、(2.39±0.87)d、(6.27±0.75)d],差异有统计学意义(P0.01),术后两组Aa、Ba、C、D、Ap、Bp等指示点位置术后均较术前明显上升,其中观察组上升水平明显高于对照组,更接近解剖学位置(P0.01),盆底功能障碍问卷、排便功能障碍问卷及泌尿功能障碍问卷评分观察组明显低于对照组,盆腔器官脱垂尿失禁性功能问卷中情感、生理、总分等观察组均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:腹壁自体筋膜盆底悬吊术与腹腔镜下子宫颈悬吊术在治疗盆底器官脱垂中均具有良好的临床治疗效果,其中腹壁自体筋膜盆底悬吊术治疗盆底器官脱垂恢复盆底器官解剖更理想,对患者术后生活质量影响较小。     

一期钢板固定联合负压封闭引流术治疗胫骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征

目的探讨一期钢板固定联合负压封闭引流(VSD)术治疗胫骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征的临床效果。方法 2014年1月至2017年7月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第901医院骨一科收治10例胫骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征患者,均急诊行筋膜切开减压术,一期复位骨折钢板固定后行VSD封闭创面。记录患者术后创面闭合时间、创面转归情况、VSD材料更换次数、骨折愈合时间和临床并发症情况。结果患者术后创面闭合时间为4～31d,平均(10.3±7.5)d;9例患者创面直接缝合,1例患者经植皮手术后创面愈合;VSD材料更换0～6次,平均(1.3±1.7)次;骨折愈合时间为3～5个月,平均(3.4±0.7)个月;末次随访膝关节Lysholm评分为85～97分,平均(91.1±4.0)分;2例患者术后发生下肢深静脉血栓形成,无深部感染和截肢发生。结论一期钢板固定联合VSD术治疗胫骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征可以有效减压,牢固固定骨折,方便创面护理,避免感染,降低植皮率。     

��ѹ������ʱ�ظ��������ڸ�ǻ���źϲ����������ٴ���ֵ�о�����45�����棩

??Application of vacum-assisted closure in open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulae??A report of 45 cases LI Wu-han, ZHAO Yun-zhao, ZHAO Ri-sheng, et al. Research Institute of General Surgery??Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA??Nanjing 210002??China
Corresponding author: ZHAO Yun-zhao, E-mail??yzzhaomd@gmail.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of vacum-assisted closure in open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulae. Methods The clinical data of 45 cases of intestinal fistulae and complicated intra-abdominal infection received open abdomen from February 2012 to February 2015 in Department of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA were analyzed retrospectively. Comparison of the effect of vaccum-assisted closure and polypropylene patch for temporary abdomen closure. Results Application of vaccum-assisted closure in open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulae shorten the time from opening abdomen to skin grafting, the length of stay in ICU and hospital significantly, and increased the rate of primary fascial closure. Conclusion Vaccum-assisted closure is an effective treatment for open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulae.     

腹腔开放治疗肠瘘并严重腹腔感染73例分析

目的 研究腹腔开放治疗肠外瘘并腹腔感染的时机、方法与效果。比较不同暂时关腹技术,研究消化道与腹壁重建的时机与效果。方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2008年12月南京军区南京总医院73例接受腹腔开放疗法的肠外瘘并严重腹腹腔感染的临床资料。结果 56例（76.7%）行腹腔开放疗法后存活（存活组）,10例（13.7%）死亡,7例（9.6%）放弃治疗（死亡及放弃治疗者统称为死亡及放弃治疗组）。死亡原因主要是腹腔出血（5例）、感染和脏器功能衰竭（5例）。腹腔开放前的APACHE II评分在存活组和死亡及放弃治疗组分别为13.5±4.3和16.0±5.8,腹腔开放后第5天时分别降至9.2±4.5和12.9±5.5;腹腔开放第15天时,存活组APACHEII评分降至8.1±6.2,而死亡及放弃治疗组评分重新升高至腹腔开放前水平（16.3±11.8）。脏器功能障碍评分亦有类似变化。结论 腹腔开放可有效治疗肠外瘘并严重腹腔感染病人。在多脏器功能严重损害前及时行腹腔开放疗法可有效改善肠瘘并严重腹腔感染的疾病严重度。腹腔开放后第15天左右的疾病严重度可提示病人的转归。行腹腔开放的病人可分为暂时关腹、创面植皮和永久重建3个阶段。消化道与腹壁重建可同时进行。     

Fluid volume overload negatively influences delayed primary facial closure in open abdomen management

Background and aim

The open abdomen (OA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and its management poses a formidable challenge. Inability to achieve primary closure of the abdominal wall is one of the most severe complications of this technique. Factors influencing primary fascial closure, however, are unknown. This study aims to explore the influence of fluid volume overload on the application of vacuum-assisted and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM) in OA treatment.

Methods

A review of patients undergoing OA management using VAWCM technique from January 2006 to November 2011 was performed. Patients with aged <18 y OA treatment for fewer than 5 d and abdominal wall hernia before OA treatment were excluded.

Results

Average age was 45 ± 10.1 y and average OA treatment time was 31 ± 6.8 d. The complete fascial closure rate was 60%. The overall mean bodyweight-based fluid overload was 7.2 kg (range: −8.0 to +21.6 kg), representing a mean percent weight gain of 11.5% (range: −9.5% to +27%). Patients with fluid-related weight gain ≥10% had a lower primary facial closure rate than those with <10% (39% versus 77%). And primary facial closure rate seems to further decrease with fluid-related weight gain ≥20%, suggesting a dose-response effect of progressive fluid accumulation.

Conclusions

The VAWCM method provided a high primary fascial closure rate after long-term treatment of OA. Fluid volume overload negatively influences delayed primary facial closure. Judicious intravenous fluid resuscitation should be advocated in the therapy of critically ill patients.     

��ǻ�������Ƴ��������ظ�ǻ��Ⱦ73������

??Open abdomen technique in the management of gastrointestinal fistula complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection REN Jian-an Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, China Abstract Objective To investigate the result of open abdomen technique in the treatment of gastrointestinal fistula complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection. Methods The clinical data of 73 gastrointestinal fistula patients complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection received open abdomen therapy from January 1999 to December 2008 at Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA were analyzed retrospectively. Results Fifty-six of 73 patients (76.7%) survived to discharge. Ten patients (13.7%) died and 7 patients ( 9.6%) gave up the treatment. The main causes of death were hemorrhage of abdominal cavity (5 cases), infection and organ nonfunction (5 cases). The average APACHEII score for survivors was 13.5±4.3 before open abdomen and dropped to 9.2±4.5 and 8.1±6.2 after 5 and 15 days of open abdomen. The average APACHEII score for dead patients was 16.0±5.8 before open abdomen and dropped to 12.9±5.5 and increased to 16.3±11.8 after 5 and 15 days of open abdomen. The score of organ function changed similarly .Conclusion The open abdomen therapy is an effective treatment for gastrointestinal fistula complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection. Open abdomen could improve the severity score of severe intra-abdominal infection patients. The therapy can be divided into three stages including temporary closure of the open abdomen, skin graft of open wound and permanent closure of abdomen and resection of enteric fistula. The reconstruction operation of digestive tract and abdominal wall can be performed simultaneously.     

Abdominal wall integrity after open abdomen: long-term results of vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM)

Purpose

The open abdomen has become a standard technique in the management of critically ill patients undergoing surgery for severe intra-abdominal conditions. Negative pressure and mesh-mediated fascial traction are commonly used and achieve low fistula rates and high fascial closure rates. In this study, long-term results of a standardised treatment approach are presented.

Methods

Fifty-five patients who underwent OA management for different indications at our institution from 2006 to 2013 were enrolled. All patients were treated under a standardised algorithm that uses a combination of vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction. Structured follow-up assessments were offered to patients and included a medical history, a clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography. The data obtained were statistically analysed.

Results

The fascial closure rate was 74 % in an intention-to-treat analysis and 89 % in a per-protocol analysis. The fistula rate was 1.8 %. Thirty-four patients attended follow-up. The median follow-up was 46 months (range 12–88 months). Incisional hernias developed in 35 %. Patients with hernias needed more operative procedures (10.3 vs 3.4, p = 0.03) than patients without hernia formation. A Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) of 31.1 was calculated. Patients with symptomatic hernias (NAS of 2–10) had a significantly lower mean POSAS score (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM) seem to result in low complication rates and high fascial closure rates. Abdominal wall reconstruction, which is a challenging and complex procedure and causes considerable patient discomfort, can thus be avoided in the majority of cases. Available results are based on studies involving only a small number of cases. Multi-centre studies and registry-based data are therefore needed to validate these findings.

     

����Ӫ�����ƿ��޶���������״����̽��

目的探讨肠内营养治疗对克罗恩病并发管状外瘘的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年5月至2011年12月南京军区南京总医院普通外科收治的克罗恩病并发管状外瘘43例病人,应用半要素肠内营养治疗3个月的临床资料。记录经肠内营养治疗后肠瘘是否愈合、愈合时间,以及治疗前后的炎症指标C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、血小板(Plt),营养指标体重、身体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白、前白蛋白、总蛋白等指标,以观察肠内营养对克罗恩病并发肠外瘘的治疗效果。病人肠瘘愈合后随访时间至少半年。结果 43例病人经过肠内营养治疗后,27例病人肠瘘得到愈合,平均愈合时间为(32.6±9.2)d。经治疗后所有病人的克罗恩病炎症指标血沉、CRP、Plt计数均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05),愈合组、未愈组炎症指标改善均有显著意义(P<0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后的营养指标如体重、BMI、Hb、白蛋白、前白蛋白、总蛋白均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05),其中愈合组白蛋白、前白蛋白的改善情况明显优于未愈组(P<0.05)。结论克罗恩病并发管状外瘘的病人应用肠内营养治疗后,可诱导克罗恩病缓解,减轻病人的炎症反应,改善营养状态,使部分病人的肠外瘘达到临床愈合,避免了再次手术对病人的打击。     

腹壁坏死性筋膜炎的认识与治疗

坏死性筋膜炎是皮肤软组织感染中最为凶险的类型,往往并发脓毒症休克和多器官功能障碍,死亡率较高。常见的坏死性筋膜炎是社区获得性感染,而临床上发生在腹壁的坏死性筋膜炎也并不罕见,如发生于经皮内镜胃造口管或者造口周围的坏死性筋膜炎,也有发生于整形手术、妇科手术、结直肠手术后的坏死性筋膜炎。腹部手术后发生消化道瘘并发腹壁坏死性筋膜炎,病死率高,值得重视。尽早诊断与及时实施包括坏死组织清除、消化道瘘引流以及腹腔开放在内的感染源控制措施至关重要。     

Χ�����ڸ����Ը�ǻ��Ⱦ����淶������

??Perioperative complicated intra-abdominal infections??Recognition and standardized therapy WANG Ge-fei??REN Jian-an??LI Jie-shou. Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University, Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002??China
Corresponding author??REN Jian-an??E-mail??jiananr@gmail.com
Abstract Postoperative complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are common but challenges in clinical practice, which need adequate source control procedure and antimicrobial therapy. Damage control and step-up approach should be set up during source control procedure of cIAIs. Initial minimally invasive intra-abdominal drainage like percutaneous drainage using a sump drain by trocar puncture should be performed. If minimally invasive drainage can't control infection??surgical drainage should be administrated. If complicated with abdominal hypertension??open abdomen should be taken into consideration. Empiric antimicrobial therapy should be initiated once a patient receives a diagnosis of an intra-abdominal infection according to epidemiological feature??followed by pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy.     

�����ϲ���ǻ��ѪΣ�����ؼ���Ԥ�����

??Risk factors and prognosis for intra-abdominal bleeding in patients with enterocutaneous fistula WU Lei??REN Jian-an??WANG Ge-fei??et al. Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
Corresponding author:REN Jian-an, E-mail??jiananr@gmail.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the risk factors for intra-abdominal bleeding in patients with enterocutaneous fistula and assessed the prognosis of these patients. Methods The clinical data of 201 cases of enterocutaneous fistula patients admitted from October 2013 to October 2015 in Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified as bleeding group(67 cases) and non-bleeding group(134 group)??risk factors for intra-abdominal bleeding and prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, duodenum fistula (OR 3.348, 95%CI 1.215??9.231, P=0.019), hemorrhage history (OR 10.698,95%CI 4.447??25.737, P<0.001) and acute kidney injury (OR 6.090 95%CI 2.408??15.404, P??0.001) were independent risk factors for intra-abdominal bleeding. In addition, compared with the non-bleeding group, bleeding group showed a significantly higher mortality rate, more prolonged total parenteral nutrition days, hospital and intensive care unit durations and cost, even more complications. Conclusion In duodenum fistula, hemorrhage history and acute kidney injury were independent risk factors for intra-abdominal bleeding. Intra-abdominal bleeding in patients with enterocutaneous fistul is under dangerous condition, the death rate is high, and associated with a poor prognosis.