高位颈段椎管内肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨高位颈段椎管内肿瘤显微手术技巧和疗效。方法 1990年1月～2005年12月,采用后正中入路显微手术治疗81例高位颈段椎管内肿瘤。髓外硬脊膜下及硬膜外肿瘤神经纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤73例,脊膜瘤3例全切除;室管膜瘤3例全切除,星形细胞瘤2例行大部分切除。结果 按George等的评估方法：术后恢复良好75例,症状改善4例,2例无明显改善,无死亡。52例随访3个月～3年,（8.5±1.5）月。15例术后3个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发;32例术后6个月颈椎正侧位及张口位片检查未见脊柱骨性结构变形,脊柱稳定性好。髓内肿瘤复发3例。结论 高位颈段椎管内肿瘤一旦诊断明确,应尽早显微手术。应用显微操作,重视微创原则,保护重要组织,维持或重建脊柱稳定,高位颈段椎管内肿瘤手术可获得良好效果。     

胸椎椎板截骨原位再植在胸椎椎管内肿瘤手术治疗中的应用

目的 观察通过胸椎椎板截骨原位再植治疗椎管内肿瘤的疗效。方法 自1995年8月至2003年12月对56例胸椎椎管内肿瘤实施胸椎椎板截骨原位再植、椎管内肿瘤切除术。其中男性32例，女性24例，年龄23～68岁。平均34．7岁。病变部位：T1～T6 29例，T7～T12 37例。病变范围：1个节段8例，2个节段21例，3个节段18例，4个节段5例，6个节段3例，7个节段1例。本组患者硬膜外肿瘤43例，硬膜内肿瘤13例。神经鞘瘤23例，脊膜瘤18例，脑室管膜瘤7例，脂肪瘤3例，囊肿3例，畸胎瘤2例。其中因肿瘤二次复发手术9例。结果 手术时间90～205min，平均137min。失血量300～1400ml，平均760ml。术后随访3～38个月，平均14个月。术后X线平片、CT、MRI观察椎板愈合时间4．5～6个月，平均5个月。术后出现脑脊液漏4例，肋间神经痛2例，术后复发9例，其中本院术后复发3例。结论 该术式安全可行，避免椎板咬骨钳咬除椎板造成椎管内的进一步占位损伤脊髓，而且缩短了手术时间。通过椎板回植恢复了脊髓所需要的椎管管性结构，减少了椎管内术后粘连，有利于二次手术。     

可复式椎管扩大成形术的设计与临床应用

目的设计可复式椎管扩大成形术，探讨其临床应用的可行性。方法 自病变间隙下位棘突，椎板的上１／３水平截骨，小关节突内缘两侧椎板向上凿开，将棘突，椎板，黄韧带向上掀起，显露，扩大椎管，摘除突出髓核。结果 治疗腰椎间盘突出和椎管狭窄３６例，经７－７２个月随访，优良率达１００％。结论该术式适用范围广，病灶切除彻底，操作简单，通达到彻底减压和稳定脊柱的双重目的。     

椎管内肿瘤23例临床分析

目的　总结椎管内肿瘤的临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析 2 3例椎管内肿瘤的临床表现、诊断和手术治疗的结果。结果　椎管内肿瘤早期表现不典型 ,腰穿脑脊液动力学检查及生化分析、椎管造影和MRI对诊断有价值。 2 3例术后随访 3个月～ 3年 ,优良率 86 96 %。结论　椎管内肿瘤根据临床表现、腰穿脑脊液动力学检查及生化分析、影像特征结合病理检查能确诊 ,手术治疗有良好的效果     

Hemangiopericytoma of the navicular: a case report

Hemangiopericytoma is a tumor of vascular origin usually found in the soft tissue. Manifestation in bone is extremely rare and are most commonly located in the pelvis and the lower extremity. This is the first case of hemangiopericytoma in the bone of the foot known to the authors. This article shows the presenting findings and the surgical treatment. At 13 months after the final surgery, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence.     

颈椎管容积和脊髓体积的MRI测量及其动态变化

目的 利用核磁共振测量正常人的颈椎管容积及脊髓的体积,并探讨其动态变化趋势.方法 选取正常人20名,排除退变、畸形和对扫描发生恐惧者4名,利用MRI无间隔梯度扰像回波序列方式分别扫描并测量过屈、中立、过伸位下各颈椎椎管容积和脊髓的体积,并进行统计学分析.结果 过屈、中立、过伸三种体位下正常人的颈椎管容积改变趋势为V过屈V中立V过伸,且三个体位下的容积差异有显著性(P<0.05);但三种体位下的枕骨大孔下缘至颈:椎体下缘节段的椎管容积无统计学意义(P>0.05);过屈、中立和过伸位下脊髓的体积差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),颈段脊髓的体积约10.69±0.56cm3.结论 颈椎由过屈向过伸动态变化过程中,颈椎管的容积是逐渐减小的,且颈椎管容积的改变主要发生在颈3～颈7节段;但颈段脊髓的体积是固定不变的,脊髓的形态和在椎管内的位置是变化的.     

椎管径线测量在颈椎管狭窄手术中的应用

目的:探讨颈椎管狭窄术前CT下椎管径线的测量和临床应用.方法:96例颈椎管狭窄患者均为男性,年龄41～73岁,平均53岁.术前对其CT片上测量到的各椎管径线换算成实际值,术中以此为依据做椎板开槽,完成椎管扩大成形.结果:术后CT复查椎管矢状径明显改善,椎板开门准确无误,既无偏内又无偏外,椎管减压满意.结论:颈后路双开门椎管扩大成形术术前精确的测量椎管径线,并以此指导椎板开槽是保证手术成功的关键环节.     

胸椎管骨软骨瘤1例

1 病例资料 患者,男,60岁。于2004年10月31日因双下肢无力进行性加重4个月入院。2004年6月,患者劳累时邮现双下肢无力,以右侧为重,伴麻木,酸胀及僵硬不适,未行诊治。此后双下肢无力进行性加重,2个月后双下肢运动丧失,便秘,小便稍困难。体检：T36.4℃,P96次,R21次,     

自体椎板-棘突回植腰椎管扩大成形术治疗椎管狭窄症

1997年12月~2004年1月,我院采用自体椎板-棘突回植腰椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症及腰椎间盘突出症合并侧隐窝狭窄28例,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组28例,男21例,女7例,年龄35~68岁。病程3~8年。临床表现:均有腰腿痛或曾有腰腿痛史,一侧或双侧下肢麻木;间歇性跛行21例;直腿抬高试验阳性(25°~60°)单侧10例,双侧5例;踝反射减弱22例;第1足趾背伸力减退27例。正、侧位X线片示:不同程度的椎间隙狭窄、骨质增生及退行性变。CT示:腰椎管狭窄9例,腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄单侧10例、双侧5例,腰椎中央管狭窄合并椎间盘突出3例,多节…     

Cauda equina compression syndromes from narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal

Summary Forty-two patients with lumbar spinal stenosis are presented. The clinical syndromes associated with this relatively common condition, the myelographic features, and the results of surgical treatment in 23 patients are briefly discussed.

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Résumé Présentation de 42 cas de sténose du canal lombaire. Les signes cliniques associés à cette affection relativement fréquente, les caractéristiques myélographiques et les résultats du traitement chirurgical chez 23 malades sont brièvement discutés.

     

高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术治疗

目的：总结高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术效果，评价其手术耐受性。方法：对57例年龄大于70岁的腰椎管狭窄症患者的术前伴发疾病、术后全身和局部并发症及其处理进行总结，对45例获得6～58个月随访的患者采用日本骨科学会（JOA）29分法对术前和随访时的神经功能和生活能力进行评分，计算改善率，并对结果进行统计学分析。结果：术后出现的全身并发症包括心功能不全、心律失常、脑梗塞等，局部并发症有脑脊液漏和伤口积液。45例患者随访时的平均改善率为60．2％，手术疗效不佳的患者占8．9％。病程在2年之内者与病程大于2年者的改善率无显著性差异：术前评分在10分之内者与大于10分者的改善率亦无显著性差异。结论：高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者在严格控制伴发疾病，积极处理术后并发症的情况下，能够取得良好的手术效果。     

颈段椎管内肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 报道颈段椎管内肿瘤显微手术的临床疗效. 方法 颈段椎管内肿瘤32例,均采用后正中入路显微手术,术后22例进行颈椎稳定性重建.结果 肿瘤全切26例,占81.25%,肿瘤大部分切除6例(包括3例星形细胞瘤,3例包裹并紧密粘连椎动脉的哑铃形神经鞘瘤),占18.75%.按George的方法 评估,恢复良好23例(71.88%),症状改善6例(18.75%),无明显改善3例(9.38%),无手术死亡.30例随访3个月～3年.26例术后3个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发,1例神经鞘瘤维持术后大小未增大,3例星形细胞瘤复发.术后X线检查其中4例出现颈椎不稳,26例稳定性良好. 结论 早期显微手术是颈段椎管内肿瘤的关键治疗手段,术后重建椎管的稳定性对患者的远期恢复意义重大.     

棘突椎板回植联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨棘突椎板回植联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎管内肿瘤临床疗效。方法采用棘突椎板回植联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗14例椎管内肿瘤患者。结果 14例均获得随访,时间8~16个月。行X线或CT复查显示棘突椎板复合体回植后达到解剖复位,局部连续性骨痂形成。术后无骨不连、后凸畸形、再发性椎管狭窄等并发症。按JOA评分:优9例,良3例,可2例。结论棘突椎板回植联合椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎管内肿瘤,稳定脊柱,符合脊柱的生物力学特点,减少术后因瘢痕增生粘连导致的并发症,疗效满意。     

退变性腰椎管狭窄中小关节源性炎性因子作用的初步探讨

[目的]初步探讨小关节源性炎性因子在退变性腰椎管狭窄的作用。[方法]选取本科接受后路手术的退变性腰椎管狭窄(41例)及腰椎间盘突出患者(34例)共75例,采用Weishaup的分级标准评估小关节退变程度,记录术前腰腿痛、下肢痛及功能障碍评分。收集术中切除的一侧腰椎小关节标本;酶联免疫吸附剂测定法(enzyme-linked immunosobnent assay,ELISA)测定腰椎小关节退变关节软骨中白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量。[结果]TNF-α各组测量均为阴性结果。退变性腰椎管狭窄组IL-1β阳性率高于腰椎间盘突出组。IL-1β含量与腰椎小关节退变程度呈正比,随退变程度增加而升高。退变性腰椎管狭窄组中IL-1β阳性患者腰背痛、下肢痛及功能障碍评分均高于IL-1β阴性患者,而腰椎间盘突出组内则无明显差异。[结论]退变性腰椎小关节软骨产生IL-1β增加;小关节源性炎性因子可能是导致退变性腰椎管狭窄患者腰背痛、下肢痛及功能障碍的原因之一。     

Results of surgical treatment for lumbar canal stenosis due to degenerative spondylolisthesis: enlargement of the lumbar spinal canal

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze clinical results and radiographic findings in patients who underwent surgical enlargement of the lumbar spinal canal combined with resection of the posterosuperior margin underneath the slipping vertebral body for the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis due to degenerative spondylolisthesis. A series of 64 patients who were observed for 3 years or more after operation were examined. The mean age at the time of operation was 64.2 years. The follow-up period was 3–17 years. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score increased from 14.9 points before operation to 25.4 points at the time of the study on average. The general improvement rate was 75.6%. The height and range of motion of the enlarged intervertebral disc were mildly to moderately decreased, and it was found there was a small effect on the adjacent intervertebral disc. On computed tomography, the total level of the enlarged region of the posterosuperior margin increased from 184.4mm² to 339.1mm² on average, but the area of the resected region was 163.3mm² and accounted for 48% of the postoperative area of the spinal canal in the posterosuperior margin. This enlargement of the spinal canal was maintained along the dural canal, and physiological morphology was established. By surgically enlarging the lumbar spinal canal combined with resecting the posterosuperior margin underneath the slipping vertebral body, concomitant repositioning or spinal fixation was unnecessary.     

Spinal elastance measurement in patients with spondylogenic narrowing of the spinal canal

Summary Spinal elastance and the time course of pressure decrease after saline injection into the lumbar subarachnoid space was measured in a control group and in a group of patients with spondylogenic narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. The elastance is higher with retroflexion of the head than with anteflexion. This is more pronounced in degenerative diseases of the spine, proving the existence of a pincers mechanism.High elastance values at high volume changes indicate a narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. With a normal spinal canal the pressure decrease shows a slow monoexponential slope (T/2=100.8±13.4 seconds).In patients with partial obstruction of the spinal canal, especially with retroflexion of the head, a secondary pressure increase after termination of the volume injection was observed. This secondary pressure increase decreases in a biexponential manner with a fast slope (T/2=37.62±15.88 seconds) followed by a slow slope. With severe obstructions a plateau remained.This easily performed and well-tolerated measurement can be of aid in the quantification of obstructions of the spinal subarachnoid space.     

椎管内神经鞘膜瘤的临床特点及手术治疗

目的：探讨椎管内神经鞘膜瘤的临床特点及手术方法,为早期诊断和提高手术疗效提供保证。方法：５３例椎管内神经鞘膜瘤患者均经手术治疗,颈椎行“单开门术”暴露椎管,胸椎用电磨行全椎板切除,腰椎则行保留棘上韧带,棘间韧带和棘突的次全椎板切除,颈,胸椎管内外哑铃型肿瘤分别采用颈前路和肋骨横突切除入路。结果：随访４５例,平均随访时间３．５年,优良率为８７％。结论：根据肿瘤不同部位采用不同术式,能充分暴露椎管,手     

高位颈段椎管内神经鞘瘤显微手术治疗59例

目的 探讨高位颈段神经鞘瘤显微手术技巧和疗效.方法从2004年1月至2007年12月,对59例均采用后正中入路显微手术治疗,采用德国产Laika显微镜下切除肿瘤,较大肿瘤不能完整切除时,用分块切除或囊内切除,术后常规颈托限制颈部活动,55例术后随访6个月～2年.结果 痊愈54例,症状改善5例,无死亡.55例随访6个月～2年,4例失访.35例术后3～12个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发,42例术后6个月颈椎正侧位及张口位片检查未见脊柱骨性结构变形,脊柱稳定性好.结论 高位颈段神经鞘瘤一旦确诊,就应该及早显微手术治疗.手术安全、效果良好.

Abstract：

Objective To explore surgical techniques and curative effects of microsurgical treatment for neurilemmoma in upper cervical spinal canal. Methods From Jan. 2004 to Nov. 2007, 59 cases of schwannoma was resected through microoperation, the operation was conducted through a posteromedial approach, using German Laika microscope resection of the tumor, large tumors cannot complete resection,block or sac, resection postoperative neck activity conventional neck restrictions, with following observation of 6 months-2 years. Results A complete recovery was achieved in 54 cases, an improvement of symptoms was achieved in 5 cases, no death was encountered. Follow-up observations were carried out in 55 cases from 3 months-2 years (6.5 ± 1.5 months). MRI examinations 3-12 months after operation in 35 cases found no residual or recurrent tumor. X-ray radiography under anteroposterior, lateral, and open-mouth view 6 months after operation in 42 cases showed no spinal deformation and good vertebral stability. Conclusions As long as neurilemmoma in upper cervical spinal canal are diagnosed, a microsurgical treatment should be given as early as possible. Appropriate selection of surgical approach, skillful microsurgical techniques in accordance with pathological types of lesions, and principles of minimal invasion are critical for the operation safety.     

误诊为腰椎间盘突出症的椎管内肿瘤

目的：椎管内肿瘤易与腰椎间盘突出症相混淆,探讨主要探讨其鉴别要点。方法：回顾分析４１６例下腰痛病人,对初诊为腰椎间盘突出症,以后确诊为椎管内肿瘤的共６例的临床症状,体征和图像分析。结果：本组病例误诊率约为１．４４％。所有病例均有不同程度的夜间痛,症状和体征平面与影像检查平面不一致。结论;正确诊断强调病史,体验和影像学检查的三结合,对有怀疑者应给予行胸腰段的ＭＲＩ检查或脊碘造影,以排除椎管内肿瘤。