煤有机质在化学脱灰过程中的变化

碱－酸处理可以脱除煤中矿物质，虽然在较低温度下采用ＮａＯＨ－ＨＣｌ水溶液处理不会破坏煤的主体结构，但红外光谱中羟基吸收峰的增加表明部分弱的醚键发生了水解。碱－酸处理前后煤的溶剂抽提率基本不变，但溶胀率增加以及热失重减小等现象表明煤中主价键未发生断裂但煤分子间作用力却发生了变化。     

化学精煤制备的研究

采用ＮａＯＨ／ＨＣｌ处理脱除煤中矿物质及硫是一种制备化学精煤的有效。对帮物质与硫脱除的影响因素及脱除机理进行了探讨，指出了碱处理温度的影响最为显著，其次是碱浓度，煤的粒度，液固化及反应时间也有不同程度的影响。     

微波与氢氧化钠共处理脱除煤中有机硫的研究

以山西新峪煤为研究对象,考察了微波功率、微波辐照时间、NaOH质量分数以及液固质量比等参数对煤中有机硫脱除效果的影响,并对微波处理前后煤样的表面官能团和不同形态硫的含量进行了表征。结果表明,微波与NaOH共处理与两者分别单独处理相比,对煤中有机硫有更明显的脱硫作用,较优的共处理脱硫条件为:微波功率385 W,微波辐照30 min,NaOH质量分数10%以及液固质量比10:1,此时脱硫率高达62.66%。微波处理后煤样中不同形态硫的衍射峰强度明显减弱,与此同时煤中脂肪结构的衍射峰强度也有所减弱。煤中不同形态硫通过微波脱除由易到难的顺序为:硫醇和硫醚,砜类,亚砜,噻吩。在上述较优的工艺条件下新峪煤中硫醇和硫醚的脱除率可达89.87%,砜类的脱除率为79.74%,亚砜类脱除率为44.30%,而噻吩类的脱除率仅为14.07%。微波辐照脱除煤中的有机硫的作用机制主要是通过热效应促进NaOH与煤中的有机硫化物发生反应,同时也能促进煤中键能较小的C-S键直接发生断裂。     

阴道分泌物常规检查方法的改进

近年来研究发现,滴虫性阴道炎及霉菌性阴道炎为外阴瘙痒和白带异常的主要原因,霉菌的发病率逐年上升已取代滴虫性阴道炎[1]。对于阴道分泌物的检查,根据《全国临床检验操作规程》,国内实验室大多采用生理盐水涂片法。亦有实验室采用生理盐水稀酸稀碱二步法[3]、生理盐水稀酸稀碱三步法[2]检查霉菌,笔者采用生理盐水稀碱二步法[2]与生理盐水涂片法进行比较,报告如下。1 资料与方法 本院妇科就诊者,年龄10～85岁共94例,由医生采样,取阴道后穹窿处分泌物浸入盛有生理盐水1～2ml的试管内送检。1份做常规检查(NS涂片法),1份在常规检查的基础上滴加10％NaOH溶液湿片检查霉菌[3]。2 结果 2种方法检测霉菌的结果见表1。     

WR—2721对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的作用

本文观察有效的化学辐射防护的WR－2721对小鼠腹腔Mφ的作用。用昆明种小鼠分为两组，WR－2721组：肌肉注射WR－2721溶液10mg／鼠，用糖原激活和吞噬鸡红细胞的方法，检测Mφ吞噬功能；正常组：除不给WR－2721外，其余方法与WR－2721组相同。实验结果：WR－2721与正常组相比，原始Mφ明显减少（P＜0．001），成熟Mφ明显增加（P＜0．01），Mφ的吞噬率和消化率均明显增加（P＜0．001），组织嗜碱系细胞总数略增加，原始组织嗜酸细胞明显增加（P＜0．05）。表明WR－2721能加速巨噬系细胞成熟，增强Mφ吞噬消化功能，促进组织嗜碱系细胞增殖。     

重型病毒性肝炎并发多重酸碱失衡的探讨

本文联合运用ABD预计代偿公式，阴离子隙、潜在HCO3^-及Cl^-分析了274例血气和电解质测定参数。结果发现单纯ABD仅78例次（28．5％），二重ABD101例次（36．9％），三重ABD95例次（34．6％）。提示重肝并发多重ABD十分常见。274例次ABD中以含呼碱222例次（81．0％）最多，其次是代碱188例次（68．6％），代酸135例次（49．3％），呼酸20例次（7．3％）最少。碱血症和酸血症之比为2．43：1。并发混合ABD的重肝患者其各种并发症的发生率及病死率均明显高于单纯ABD患者（P＜0．05，0．01）。强调在重肝抢救过程中要注意ABD尤其是多ABD的防治。     

龙葵多糖的分离、纯化和鉴定(Ⅱ)

首次从中草药龙葵Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｎｉｇｒｕｍ Ｌ．的稀碱提取液中分离得到２种多糖ＳＮＬ－３,ＳＮＬ－４。分别经琼脂糖凝脉电泳、凝胶柱层析法分析,证实均为单一组分。ＳＮＬ－３,ＳＮＬ－４经酸水解、Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解、红外等确知,ＳＮＬ－３由Ｄ－木糖（７５．７％）、Ｄ－甘露糖（９．２％）、Ｄ－葡萄糖（４．９％）和Ｄ－半乳糖（１０．２％）组成,分子量为２３７００;ＳＮＬ－４由Ｄ－木糖（８９．４％）、Ｄ－甘露     

芳维A酸乙酯对8-MOP/UVA诱导皮肤光老化的拮抗作用

目的：探讨芳维A酸乙酯对8－甲氧补骨脂素／长波紫外线（8－MOP／UVA）诱导的培养真皮成纤维细胞光老化的拮抗作用及可能机制。方法：以8－MOP／UVA诱导培养真皮成纤维细胞衰老，光镜、电镜、流式细胞仪、酶组织化学及免疫组织化学等方法观察芳维A酸乙酯对真皮成纤维细胞细胞衰老过程中形态学、细胞周期、衰老相关β－半乳糖苷酶及P16蛋白表达的影响。结果：26d,8-MOP/UVA作用组，芳维A酸乙酯B1，B2，B3组及正常对照组培养真皮成纤维细胞（G0＋G1）细胞数分数分别为0．96，0．82，0．85，0．86和0．85，衰老相关β－半乳糖苷酶表达阳性率分别为100％，8．3％，13．9％，13．9％和0．0％，P16蛋白表达阳性率均为100％，13．9％，19．4％13．9％和0．0％；芳维A酸乙酯各剂量组与8－MOP／UVA作用组比较均有显性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：芳维A酸乙酯对8－MOP／UVA诱导的成纤维细胞衰老有明显的拮抗作用，其机制可能与维A酸类的细胞生长抑制及抗氧化作用有关。     

两种培养基对胚胎质量和IVF-ET妊娠率的影响

目的：探讨试用Earle‘s和HTF两种培养液对胚胎质量及体外受精（IVF）妊娠结局的影响。方法：对1999年8月－2001年8月间行试管儿（IVF－ET）的患者其中33例共363个卵子分别使用Earle‘s培养液（23例23个周期）与使用HTF培养液（10例10个周期）两组进行培养，分析 精率，卵裂率，优质胚胎率及妊娠率，并进行统计学分析。结果；使用HTF培养液组的优质胚胎率，胚胎着床率及妊娠率分别为36．9％，19．6％，60．0％，使用Earle‘s培养液组分别为22．3％，3．4％，13．0％，两组比较有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：采用HTF培养液培养更适合卵子及胚胎的体外发育，从而提高了胚胎质量及IVF的妊娠率。     

C-myc、nm23-H1 基因在宫颈癌中表达的意义及相互关系

目的：探讨C－myc、nm23-H1两种基因在宫颈癌中表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化法检测宫颈癌40例、宫颈上皮内瘤形成（CIN）10例及正常宫颈20例组织标本中C－myc和nm23-H1蛋白表达，采用统计学χ^2检验方法，分析这2种蛋白表达与临床病理及预后关系。结果：（1）C－myc蛋白表达率：宫颈癌组织为40．00％，正常宫颈组织为10．00％，CIN为20．00％，表达与病理分类有关，腺癌表达率高于鳞癌，但差异无显著性（P＜0．05）；过表达与临床分期及病理学分级相关（P＜0．05）；（2）宫颈癌nm23-H1蛋白表达率为40．00％，宫颈炎组织表达率为5．00％，不典型增生组织未见阳性表达，差异有极显著性（P＜0．01），腺癌表达率为83．33％高于鳞癌32．35％，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；（3）2种基因蛋白表达的比较：C－myc、nm23-H1 2种基因在宫颈癌中表达差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：C－myc表达与宫颈癌发生发展有一定关系；nm23-H1表达在宫颈腺癌早期呈高表达，可能为机体抑制肿瘤转移的防御性反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.