强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡

目的：探讨强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形全脊椎楔形截骨矫正术后并发应激性溃疡的相关因素及预防措施。方法：回顾性分析5例强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡患者的临床资料。结果：本组5例患者，经去除应激因素、胃肠减压、全身支持等综合治疗肝，均得到了临床治愈。无死亡病例发生。结论：强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡是一种严重并发症。对长期服用非甾体类消炎药物患者，围手术期应预防性使用胃粘膜保护剂及抑制胃酸分泌药物，防止应激性溃疡的发生。     

颈髓损伤并发消化道应激性溃疡出血的临床分析

目的:探讨颈髓损伤患者并发消化道应激性溃疡的机制、预防和治疗。方法:1996年2月~2002年12月期间收治颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者279例,发生消化道应激性溃疡9例,其中完全性脊髓损伤患者6例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者3例。均给予胃肠减压、胃内灌洗及药物治疗。结果:9例患者治疗1~3d后,柏油便及胃肠减压咖啡样液体均消失,2例因并发呼吸循环衰竭于入院30d后死亡,与溃疡出血无关。结论:应激性溃疡是颈髓损伤治疗中不可忽略的并发症,对颈髓损伤患者应常规用药预防此并发症,并对出现应激性溃疡者积极治疗。     

肝癌介入治疗并发上消化道大出血的救治分析

目的：总结肝癌介入治疗并发上消化道大出血的救治经验。方法：１９９１～１９９７年收治肝癌介入栓塞治疗病例１６３例,１６例出现上消化道大出血,采用及时有效的治疗如补充血容量、静滴垂体后叶素、甲氰咪呱、及止血药等内科治疗。结果：３例死亡,１３例痊愈,疗效满意。结论：食道胃底曲张静脉破裂、应激性溃疡、胃粘膜糜烂、消化性溃疡是导致出血的常见原因;扩容稳定全身情况,及时有效的内科治疗为主要救治原则。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发应激性溃疡大出血14例临床分析

目的　探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发应激性溃疡大出血的影响因素及防治措施。　方法　回顾性分析1993年1月～1998年12月我院收治的14例SAP并发应激性溃疡大出血的临床资料,总结其发生率、影响因素及防治效果。　结果　本组SAP并发应激性溃疡大出血的发生率为11.6%,与患者的年龄、病情严重程度、合并胆道结石梗阻、胰腺脓肿、假性胰腺囊肿及是否接受清创引流手术等因素明显有关。本组14例大出血患者中行保守治疗6例,死亡5例;手术治疗8例,死亡1例,两者差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。　结论　老年SAP患者,尤其是胆源性SAP合并胰腺脓肿或假性囊肿者容易并发应激性溃疡大出血;预防性应用生长抑素类药物可降低出血发生率;对经保守治疗后出血仍不能停止者,行手术止血可提高抢救的成功率。     

强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡

目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形全脊椎楔形截骨矫正术后并发应激性溃疡的相关因素及预防措施.方法:回顾性分析5例强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡患者的临床资料.结果:本组5例患者,经去除应激因素、胃肠减压、全身支持等综合治疗后,均得到了临床治愈.无死亡病例发生.结论:强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫正术后并发应激性溃疡是一种严重并发症.对长期服用非甾体类消炎药物患者,围手术期应预防性使用胃粘膜保护剂及抑制胃酸分泌药物,防止应激性溃疡的发生.     

颅脑外伤患者应激性溃疡的护理体会

应激性溃疡是机体在应激状态下发生的应激性反应。特别是在严重创伤、大手术后等情况下发生的急性上消化道黏膜的损害，它是颅脑创伤后较常见的并发症。颅脑创伤合并的应激性溃疡与颅脑损伤的严重程度相关。其主要症状是消化道出血，严重时可造成胃肠大出血，致使机体血容量不足，造成失血性休克，直接威胁患者的生命。因此对颅脑创伤应严密细致地观察及护理，预防及有效地控制出血，对挽救患者的生命起着至关重要的作用。     

烧伤后上消化道应激性溃疡大出血手术治疗

目的　探讨烧伤后上消化道应激性溃疡大出血手术治疗的效果。方法　烧伤后上消化道应激性溃疡大出血患者１５ 例，烧伤面积（３８ ±１５） ％ ，出血部位１２ 例位于十二指肠，３ 例位于胃。手术时间在伤后４ ～１２ 天，手术方式为缝扎止血、幽门成形、选择性迷走神经切断、溃疡外旷置术或胃大部分切除术。结果　１５ 例中１３ 例治愈，２ 例死亡，其中１ 例死于术后败血症，另１ 例死于再出血并多器官功能衰竭。结论　手术治疗是烧伤后上消化道应激性溃疡大出血的有效治疗方法，对符合手术治疗的患者应尽早手术，以免延误时间，造成严重后果。     

奥曲肽对门脉高压症患者术后应激性溃疡防治作用的疗效观察

应激性溃疡好发于严重创伤或大手术后、全身化脓性感染、长期低血压、休克、ＭＯＳＦ以及服用水杨酸制剂、乙醇或大量／长期使用肾上腺皮质激素的患者，表现为胃十二指肠的急性表浅性粘膜糜烂、溃疡，可造成急性上消化道大出血或穿孔，危及生命。应激性溃疡所导致的大出血可加重门脉高压症患者的肝功能损害，诱发脑病和肝功能衰竭。因此，应激性溃疡的预防和治疗对门脉高压症患者有着十分重要的临床意义。１病例选择及观察方法：选择１９９２年８月～１９９７年８月在我科行门腔分流术的门脉高压症患者２０００例，要求既往无溃疡病史或溃疡…     

脊柱侧凸三维矫形术后并发应激性溃疡

目的：探讨脊柱侧凸矫形术后并发应激性溃疡的相关因素及治疗和预防措施。方法：回顾性分析2例脊柱侧凸矫形术后并发应激性溃疡患者的临床资料，1例行脊柱前路松解加颅骨一骨盆牵引术，1例行脊柱前路矫形融合术。结果：2例患者经去除应激因素、全身支持治疗、胃肠减压、管内投放硫糖铝混悬液、同时静脉滴注制酸剂或H2受体拮抗剂后均痊愈。结论：脊柱侧凸术后并发应激性溃疡是一种严重并发症，应积极进行全身及局部治疗。对脊柱侧凸矫形，术后出现频繁严重呕吐或精神紧张的患者，应早期预防。     

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目的 总结肾移植术后消化道大出血的手术治疗体会及保护移植肾功能的措施。方法 回顾性分析1981年以来肾移植术后道大出血的手术指征、围手术期治疗及移植肾功能情况。结果 共季行同种异体肾移植术1487例次，67例术后并发消化道出血，其中3例因出血反复发作而行手术治疗，诊断为上消化道应激性溃疡，手术处理后得以控制出血。结论 及时、彻底地控制出血，适当调整免疫抑制剂的用量，积极预防肺部感染，对于确保移植肾安全渡过消化道大出血这一危险时期是必要的。     

基于Caprini风险评估的股骨转子间骨折围手术期抗凝策略的探讨

目的 以Caprini风险评分系统对股骨转子间骨折患者围手术期进行风险评估,探讨股骨转子间骨折围手术期的抗凝策略. 方法对2005年1月至2010年1月间采用切开复位内固定术或人工股骨头置换术治疗的268例股骨转子间骨折患者进行回顾性分析.以Caprini风险评分系统评分进行分组:高危组和极高危组,记录每组中分别于术前12 h开始及术后12 h开始使用低相对分子质量肝素(LMWH)的患者术中出血量、48 h切口引流量、术后血红蛋白降低值及术后双下肢DVT的发生情况,并进行比较分析. 结果①Caprini评分高危组中,与术前12 h开始使用LMWH比较,术后12 h开始使用患者术后DVT发生率相近,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但术中出血、术后48 h引流量及术后血红蛋白降低值明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②Caprini评分极高危组中,与术前12 h开始使用LMWH比较,术后12 h开始使用患者术后DVT发生率升高,术中出血量减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但术后48 h引流量及术后血红蛋白降低值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论股骨转子间骨折Caprini评分高危患者围手术期抗凝可采用术后12 h开始皮下注射LMWH,而Caprini评分极高危患者可予术前12 h开始皮下注射LMWH.术前可以参考Caprini风险评估来决定围手术期抗凝方案的选择.     

胃十二指肠溃疡大出血的外科手术疗效

目的观察外科手术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡大出血的临床疗效。方法根据58例胃十二指肠溃疡大出血患者的临床表现及身体状况选择适宜的时机行急诊手术或择期手术治疗。结果本组58例患者中行急诊胃大部切除术治疗者37例,行择期胃大部切除术者21例。术后57例患者痊愈出院,痊愈率达98.28%;死亡1例,占1.72%。有3出例患者术后出现了并发症,并发症发生率5.26%。结论对于胃十二指肠溃疡大出血患者在手术治疗时应严格把握手术适应证,并选择适宜的手术时机和手术方式进行治疗能迅速止血,提高其痊愈率。     

类风湿关节炎行关节置换术围手术期管理的研究进展

类风湿关节炎是最常见的炎性关节病,尽管目前类风湿关节炎缓解药物不断改进,药效却只能延缓关节功能障碍的进展。人工膝或髋关节置换术现已成为晚期类风湿关节炎患者的惟一选择,经手术治疗后患者的关节功能及畸形问题可得到不同程度改善。但类风湿关节炎的病程持续进展直接影响术后的远期效果,如何完善围手术期管理,将关节置换术与药物治疗有效结合逐渐成为临床工作者关注的重点。本文拟通过对行关节置换术类风湿关节炎患者的术前药物使用、术中手术技巧、假体选择、术后治疗、康复锻炼及并发症等国内外管理现状加以概括总结,为提高此类患者远期疗效及生活质量提供有益帮助。     

Ninety-day mortality after total elbow arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Perioperative mortality, although seldom mentioned and rare after upper-extremity surgery, is one of the potential complications of total elbow arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with perioperative mortality after elbow arthroplasty. METHODS: The records of 1117 consecutive patients who had undergone 1441 total elbow arthroplasties at our institution between 1970 and 2002 were reviewed to identify patients who had died within ninety days after the procedure. A detailed analysis of the medical, surgical, anesthetic, and pathologic records of these patients was performed. RESULTS: The ninety-day mortality rate was 0.62% (nine of 1441 cases). Seven of the patients who died were female and two were male; their mean age at the time of surgery was sixty-six years. An underlying diagnosis of distal humeral fracture (including pathologic fracture) or nonunion was associated with an increased risk of death (p<0.001). Seven patients died after primary arthroplasty and two, after revision arthroplasty. The average time from surgery to death was forty-five days. The causes of death were congestive heart failure (three patients) and myocardial infarction, acute heart embolus, respiratory failure, pneumonia, renal failure, and bleeding secondary to gastric stress ulcer (one patient each). All patients had substantial comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of perioperative mortality after total elbow arthroplasty is low. Most patients who die after this procedure are elderly, have substantial comorbidities, and underwent the total elbow arthroplasty for the treatment of a traumatic or pathologic distal humeral fracture or nonunion.     

Frakturendoprothetik der medialen Schenkelhalsfraktur

A paradigm shift in the treatment of elderly patients has recently taken place leading to an increase in joint replacement surgery. The aim of this article is to highlight new developments and to present a treatment algorithm for femoral neck fractures. The age limit must be individually determined considering the comorbidities and perioperative risk profile. Pertrochanteric femoral fractures are nearly exclusively treated by osteosynthesis regardless of age. The situation for femoral neck fractures is more complex. Patients younger than 65 years should generally be treated by osteosynthesis but patients older than 65 years benefit from hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. In patients aged between 65 and 75 years with high functional demands and a justifiable perioperative risk, total joint replacement is the treatment of choice. In physically less active patients older than 75 years and poor general condition, preference should be given to hemiarthroplasty.     

肺切除术后急腹症

目的:探讨肺切除术后并发急腹症的诊断和治疗。方法:本组26例肺切除术后并发急腹症,其中腹部炎症4例,胃十二指肠溃疡出血、穿孔19例,麻痹性肠梗阻3例。胃穿孔行手术治疗1例,胃十二指肠出血经纤维胃镜止血4例。结果:肺切除术后并发急腹症发生率为0.24％,经治疗死亡7例。并发症死亡率26.9％。发生的可能原因与缺氧、手术范围、激素使用、腹部病史、术中通气量不足有关。诊断应根据早期症状、体征。结论:胸外科医师术后早期应注意患者的腹部症状、体征,如发生急腹症能及时诊断、治疗,可降低术后近期死亡率,提高手术安全度。     

Management of unstable pertrochanteric femoral fracture by alloarthroplastic joint replacement

The treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur should aim at the reconstruction of the joint function and should allow early weight bearing. In the case of unstable fractures and advanced osteoarthritis of the hip joint the advantages and risks of a total hip replacement have to be compared with different methods of osteosynthesis. We report on 35 patients with trochanteric fractures primarily treated with a total hip replacement. Their perioperative mortality was 9%, the most common complication was a luxation of the replaced hip joint in 3 cases. 1 patient had to be reoperated because of a soft tissue infection. Comparing the literature the primary total hip replacement shows a lower morbidity and mortality rate than complicated methods of osteosynthesis.     

影响创伤后应激性溃疡出血的因素

目的:探讨影响创伤（含手术）后应激性溃疡出血的因素。方法:回顾性分析近5年来收治的1 986例创伤和手术后患者的临床资料，将其中发生应激性溃疡出血病例与未发生病例对比分析。结果:创伤严重者应激性溃疡出血发生率明显高于创伤较轻者(P＜0.01），合并糖尿病、心肺病及年龄≥60岁患者应激性溃疡出血发生率明显高于无糖尿病、心肺病及年龄＜60岁者(P＜0.05）。结论:创伤后应激性溃疡出血的发生，决定于创伤程度、伤者年龄、基础疾病及救治情况等综合因素。     

Surgical treatment of acute arch dissection.

OBJECTIVES: Acute type A arch dissections are rare and no consensus has been reached on their surgical treatment. We studied perioperative risk factors for mortality in arch dissection patients. METHODS: Between October 1995 and October 2001, 108 patients with acute type A dissection were operated on, of whom 16 had acute arch dissections. Their mean age was 58 +/- 9 (44-77). Surgery involved total arch replacement in 4, hemiarch replacement in 10, and intimal tear repair with pledgeted sutures and ascending aortic replacement in 2. RESULTS: One patient who underwent total arch replacement died intraoperatively due to bleeding. Both patients who underwent ascending aortic replacement and primary repair of arch tears died 2 days postoperatively, 1 due to bleeding, and the other due to multiorgan failure. In-hospital mortality was thus 18.75%, or 3 of 16. All 3 had cardiac tamponade preoperatively. The 13 survivors were discharged after a mean hospital stay of 11 +/- 6 days. Mean follow-up was 38 +/- 25 months, from 3 months to 6 years. One patient died due to graft infection 3 months postoperatively, but the remaining 12 remain in good condition. Univariate predictors of in-hospital mortality were the type of surgery (primary intimal tear repair) (p = 0.027) and preoperative cardiac tamponade (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of acute type A-arch dissections can be done with reasonable mortality and mid-term survival comparable with those of other subgroups with acute type A dissection. As with series of arch dissections, our patient population is too small to draw specific conclusions, but our experience leads us to conclude that the sites of intimal tears should be resected in acute type A arch dissection.