安氏Ⅲ类错矫治后切牙移动和唇组织变化的相关性研究

目的探讨安氏Ⅲ类错矫治后牙齿移动与唇组织变化之间的相关性。方法选择30例安氏Ⅲ类错的生长发育期女性患者,采用上颌前方牵引矫治,矫治前后拍摄头颅侧位片,进行头影测量。结果治疗后上下唇的变化与切牙倾斜度的变化之间呈现相关性,上切牙的唇向移动和前牙正常覆盖的建立分别与上唇突点的前移和上唇倾角的变化相关(P<0.01;P<0.001);上下中切牙角的变化与下唇突点的后退和下唇倾角的减小呈相关性(P<0.01);同时上下唇厚度的变化与上下切牙倾斜度的变化亦有相关性,随着上切牙的前移,上唇厚度代偿性变薄,而下唇厚度则随着下切牙的舌倾而代偿性增厚。结论软组织侧貌及厚度均与牙齿的位置密切相关;上下唇位置的变化与上下切牙的变化不是单纯的一一对应关系。     

上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用

目的 探讨上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿期双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用价值.方法 对50例双侧唇腭裂患儿,随机分为试验组(n＝30)与对照组(n＝20),试验组于出生10 d～1个月内进行上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器矫治,对照组均不做术前正畸.两组患儿正畸治疗前(T1)后(T2)对比上唇裂隙、上前牙槽突裂隙关闭程度,对比两组唇腭裂联合整复术后3个月鼻翼外观满意度,作出评价.结果 两组患儿T1、T2两侧上唇裂隙及牙槽突裂隙宽度差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患儿术后鼻翼外观满意度试验组87%,高于对照组60%(P＜0.05).结论 该治疗有效减少上唇及上颌骨牙槽突的裂隙宽度,改善鼻外观,达到降低手术难度,增加手术效果的目的.     

不同前磨牙拔除模式对安氏Ⅰ类病例上唇组织的影响

目的通过对拔除第一前磨牙和拔除第二前磨牙安氏Ⅰ类错病例治疗前后上唇软组织变化的比较,探讨2种拔牙模式的异同。方法选取50例青少年安氏Ⅰ类错患者为研究对象,根据拔除牙位分为拔除第一前磨牙组和拔除第二前磨牙组,每组25例患者。对2组患者治疗前后头颅侧位X线片上的15项软组织测量指标进行测量和统计分析。结果1）在上唇各点相对X轴和Y轴的线距上,2组患者治疗后A′-X和UL-X的变化差异均存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。2）在软组织角度和线距的测量项目上,2组患者治疗后上唇长度、UL-EP、A′-EP的变化明显（P<0.05）,但2组患者软组织角度和线距的变化差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论拔除第一前磨牙和第二前磨牙对上唇均有明显改变,但2种拔牙模式之间没有明显差别。     

Effects of lip‐closing training on maximum voluntary lip‐closing force during lip pursing in healthy young adults

To investigate the effect of lip‐closing training, the time‐course of multidirectional lip‐closing forces during training was evaluated. The subjects were healthy young adults with no systemic disease. Ten subjects each were allocated to the training and non‐training (control) groups. The subjects were instructed to use a lip muscle strength fixation device (M Patakara) for lip‐closing training. Regarding closing the upper and lower lips against this force for 3 min as one task, the subjects were instructed to perform three tasks a day for 4 weeks. The multidirectional lip‐closing forces were measured before, during and after training every week. In the control group, the forces were measured under the same schedule without training. After the initiation of training, the total lip‐closing force significantly increased at 3 and 4 weeks in the training group compared with that in the control group (P = 0·003 at 3 weeks, P < 0·001 at 4 weeks). After the completion of training, the force decreased from 1 week and no significant difference from the control group was noted. When the lip‐closing force was evaluated by direction, significant increases in the upward and downward directions were noted in the training group compared with those in the control group (P = 0·034 at 3 weeks for upwards; P = 0·027 at 4 weeks for downwards). Quantitative analysis confirmed that lip‐closing training enhanced the lip‐closing force regionally.     

单侧完全性唇裂患者行术前鼻牙槽塑形治疗后牙槽突变化的三维测量分析

目的 应用三维测量分析法对单侧完全性唇裂患者行术前鼻牙槽塑形（PNAM）治疗后牙槽突的变化进行评价。方法 选取2013年11月-2015年6月于广西医科大学附属口腔医院完成PNAM治疗的单侧完全性唇裂患者30例,分别于PNAM治疗前后制取腭部口腔石膏模型,以锥形束CT（CBCT）采集DICOM数据,应用Mimics 15.0进行三维重建,并测量牙槽突裂隙宽度、牙槽突末端宽度、上唇系带中线距离、牙槽突移动距离、牙槽突长度,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行对比分析。结果 PNAM治疗前后,患者的牙槽突裂隙宽度、上唇系带中线距离明显缩小（P< 0.05）,牙槽突末端宽度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,较大侧牙槽突移动距离明显大于较小侧（P<0.05）,双侧牙槽突长度均有明显增长（P<0.05）,较大侧牙槽突增长量明显大于较小侧（P<0.05）。结论 印模+CBCT扫描法可以获得准确的牙槽突三维数据,经过PNAM治疗后,牙槽突形态得到显著改善。     

C4Staphylococcus aureus infection associated with orofacial granulomatosis

Presenting problem:  A 6-year-old girl attended the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at Edinburgh Dental Institute complaining of swelling and blistering of her upper lips and adjacent gingivae, which had been present for approximately 1 month. The patient had an unremarkable medical history.
Clinical management:  Examination revealed submandibular lymphadenopathy with vesiculation and erythema in the upper incisor region. There was swelling and crusting of the upper lip with slight swelling of the lower lip. Foetor oris was evident. An initial diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis was made. Despite treatment the lesions did not resolve. At review, the patient's mother stated that the patient was now suffering abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Haematological investigations revealed no abnormalities. Punch biopsies of the lips carried out under general anaesthesia showed lymphoedema but no granulomata. It was felt by the pathologist that the appearance was of a secondarily infected lesion with an underlying allergic component, most likely to be orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). Swabs sent for bacterial and fungal culture identified no fungal species but Staphlycoccous aureus was present in large numbers. The patient was prescribed Nystaform^® cream and oral flucloxacillin which has improved the appearance of the upper lips. The patient has been referred for patch testing, and also to gastroenterology for investigation.
Discussion:  Staphylococcal mucositis has been reported previously in a series of patients with OFG. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of Staphylococcus aureus infection, previously unreported, in a child with OFG.     

The prevalence of dysplasia and malignant lip lesions in transplant patients

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 113–118 Background: Solid organ transplant patients are at an increased risk of developing lip malignancies. The role of HLA mismatch as a risk factor for such changes has only been described in skin. Methods: Lip lesions were evaluated in 403 solid organ transplant patients (immunosuppressed for at least 3 months) and findings compared to age and sex matched, otherwise healthy patients who acted as controls. HLA typing was provided for the transplant patients. All patients provided details of smoking history, alcohol consumption, skin type, as assessed by ease of burning to sunlight, and exposure to sunlight or other forms of ultraviolet radiation. Results: Lip lesions were identified in 36 transplant patients and 29 were biopsied. Fourteen of the biopsies confirmed dysplastic or malignant changes. For the control patients, one lesion was identified as dysplastic. The prevalence of dysplastic and malignant lip lesions was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in the transplant patients when compared to controls. Risk factors for dysplastic/malignant changes in the transplant group included age (P = 0.01), smoking (P = 0.033) and HLA‐B mismatch (P = 0.001). Lip covering provided a significant reduction (P = 0.045) in the development of lip changes. Conclusion: All transplant patients should be regularly screened for lip malignancies and consulted on smoking and sunlight exposure. HLA‐B mismatch does appear to make these patients more susceptible to dysplastic/malignant changes.     

不同前磨牙拔除模式对安氏Ⅰ类病例下唇软组织的影响

目的：通过对拔除第一前磨牙和拔除第二前磨牙安氏Ⅰ类错病例治疗前后下唇软组织变化的比较,探讨两种拔牙模式的异同。方法：选取50例安氏Ⅰ类（骨性Ⅰ类）临界病例,随机分为两组,拔4个第一前磨牙和4个第二前磨牙病例各25例,按性别、年龄、骨面型、拥挤度严格配对,对治疗前后的头颅侧位X线片软组织的14项指标进行测量。结果：在相对X、Y轴的绝对值测量中,治疗前两组无任何统计学差异;治疗后第一前磨牙拔除组线距的明显增长表现在垂直方向上,而第二前磨牙拔除组表现在在水平方向上。在软组织测量项目中,治疗前第一前磨牙拔除组颏唇角和下唇厚度均大于第二前磨牙拔除组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。矫治后,拔除第一前磨牙组下唇倾角、下唇长、下唇基部厚度、颏唇沟深度增加,而颏唇角、下唇基角、下唇厚、下唇突度、下唇突凹点相对E线的距离减小。拔除第二前磨牙组颏唇角、下唇倾角、下唇基角、下唇基部厚度均增加,其中下唇倾角和下唇基部厚度的变化明显;下唇长、下唇突度、下唇突凹点相对E线的距离减少,而下唇厚基本不变。结论：拔除第一和第二前磨牙组在治疗前后下唇的各项软组织角度和线距变化均无统计学的差别。     

A scoping review of outcomes related to orthodontic treatment measured in cleft lip and palate

The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the outcomes measured in orthodontic studies of children with cleft lip and/or palate. The objectives were to categorize the outcomes into pre-determined domains and to explore whether any domains were under-represented. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched until December 2016 to identify all studies of orthodontic treatment interventions in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate. Abstracts and subsequently eligible full-text articles were screened independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. All reported outcome measures were identified and categorized into six predetermined outcome domains. The search identified 833 abstracts. The majority of studies did not assess orthodontic interventions and were therefore not eligible for inclusion. Consequently, following screening 71 eligible articles were retrieved in full, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Morphological features of malocclusion were measured in 27 studies (68%) and adverse effects of orthodontic treatment in 10 (25%). Functional status (n=4; 10%), physical consequences of malocclusion (n=3; 7.5%), quality of life (n=3; 7.5%) and health resource utilization (n=2; 5%) were rarely considered. Relatively few studies concerning patients with cleft lip and palate focused on orthodontic interventions. Most of the identified outcomes were concerned with measuring morphological treatment-related changes and do not reflect patient perspectives.     

Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]正畸治疗前后牙齿移动与软组织侧貌变化的线性相关分析

目的通过对Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]患者正畸治疗前后的头影测量指标进行相关性分析,探讨影响面部软组织侧貌变化的相关因素。方法选取2012年6月至2017年11月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颅颌面科就诊的42例已完成正畸治疗的Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]患者[男性10例,女性32例,年龄(23.8±6.3)岁,平均矫治时间1.9年],拔除4颗第一前磨牙或2颗上颌第一前磨牙后进行正畸治疗纠正磨牙关系,测量矫治前后硬组织及软组织相关头影测量指标30个,包括上下唇突点、颏唇沟点、软硬组织颏前点及颏顶点的矢状向及垂直向距离、鼻唇角及颏唇角等。对矫治前后各指标变化量进行线性回归分析,根据标准化回归系数(Beta)分析影响上下唇、鼻唇角、颏唇角等面部软组织的主要相关因素。结果30个头影测量指标中18个矫治前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与矫治前相比,矫治后上中切牙点矢状向距离[(63.87±7.14)mm]、上唇突点矢状向距离[(77.73±7.60)mm]显著减小(P<0.05)。14对头影测量指标变化量间存在线性关系,其中上唇突点矢状向变化量与上中切牙点矢状向变化量强正相关(r=0.649,P<0.01),上唇突点垂直向变化量与上中切牙点垂直向变化量中度正相关(r=0.544,P<0.01),软组织颏顶点矢状向变化量与Y轴角变化量中度负相关(r=0.537,P<0.01)。多元逐步后退回归分析显示,上唇突点内收量与上中切牙点内收量、平面角增大量以及上中切牙角增大量均相关,且与上中切牙点内收量相关性最大(Beta=0.79);上唇突点下移量与上中切牙点下移量、上中切牙角减小量、上颌第一磨牙面中点到腭平面距离减小量以及平面角增大量相关,且与上中切牙点下移量及平面角增大量的相关性最大(Beta均为0.59);下唇突点下移量与上、下中切牙点下移量相关,且与上中切牙点下移量相关性更大(Beta=0.36)。结论Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]矫治后鼻唇颏关系得到一定改善,切牙的矢状向变化对唇突度的影响最大,且下唇矢状向与垂直向移动与上中切牙的位置关系更密切,牙齿移动对颏部的影响有限。     

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip using Foscan-mediated photodynamic therapy

Carcinoma of the lip is a common cancer of the head and neck area; its incidence is approximately one-quarter that for oral cavity cancers. It occurs most frequently on the lower lip of elderly males. This non-randomized Phase II study aimed to estimate the complete response (CR) rate to Foscan-mediated photodynamic therapy (Foscan-PDT) in patients with primary cancer of the lip, duration of CR, and the tolerability and safety of Foscan-PDT. Twenty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip (Tis, T1, T2/N0/M0) and Karnofsky status > or = 70 received 0.15 mg/kg Foscan intravenously, followed 4 days later by a single non-thermal illumination of the tumour (light dose 20 J/cm2, irradiance 100 mW/cm2, lambda=652 nm). Response was determined after 12 weeks and mean follow up is 424 days so far. After 12 weeks, 96% of cases (24/25) showed CR, and all CRs were confirmed by biopsy. The most common adverse event was swelling and local pain at the treatment site. Tumour recurrence was observed in two patients 4 and 18 months after PDT. One patient developed a single lymph node metastasis 7 months after therapy. Photosensitivity reactions occurred in five patients. The functional results were excellent in all patients without any signs of limited mouth opening or impaired lip closure. The cosmetic outcome was better than after surgical therapy. Foscan-PDT is an effective treatment modality for small primary tumours of the lips. Foscan-PDT yields complete response rates comparable to those published for surgery or radiotherapy without causing major toxicity. It allows preservation of form and function and does not compromise future treatment options for recurrent, residual or second primary disease.     

Nasal deformity and microform cleft lip in parents of patients with cleft lip.

OBJECTIVE: To describe subtle nasal deformities and microform cleft lips in parents whose children have complete cleft lip deformities. DESIGN: Clinical analyses of three parents whose children had complete cleft lips. Subtle nasal deformities and microform cleft lips were identified. SETTING: An institutional general hospital: Manuel Gea González Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic in Mexico City, Mexico. PATIENTS: The study first examined the parents of all complete and incomplete cleft lip-palate patients who were seen from March 1994 to February 1997 by the authors (n = 1000). We identified three patients, each of whom had one parent who showed signs of subtle nasal deformity and microform cleft lip. INTERVENTIONS: None for the parents. Interventions in the children with cleft lips and palates were known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Qualitative photographic analyses were performed. Nostril symmetry, septal deviation, nasal floor position, and orbicularis oris malinsertions were carefully examined. RESULTS: Three of the evaluated parents had one alar cartilage caudally displaced and a deviated septum. One parent's nasal floor was depressed. Two parents also had evidence of a minimal orbicularis oris muscle fissure located in the upper lip. CONCLUSION: Genetic evaluations of children with complete and incomplete cleft lips might also include thorough evaluation of their parents. Although small in size, this study of three case histories identified nasal and lip deformities in the patients' parents.     

双侧完全性唇裂唇肌功能整复术后的肌电活动研究

目的:利用肌电图仪客观地评价双侧唇裂功能性修复后唇部肌的动态效果。方法:利用肌电图仪,对25例用直线缝合法修复后的双侧完全性唇裂和20例用口轮匝肌成形的肌功能恢复性方法修复后的双侧完全性唇裂患者的上唇部,包括左、右侧唇及前唇进行肌电测定,分别测定每位患者在静息姿势位时和用力最大噘嘴前突位时各部分的最大肌电幅值,并对其进行对比分析。结果:在静息姿势位时,两组患者的前唇、侧唇均无肌电活动;在最大噘嘴位时,口轮匝肌成形的功能性修复组患者的前唇与左、右侧唇之间的肌电幅值无显著差异,而直线修复组患者的前唇肌电幅值则明显小于两侧唇,也明显小于肌功能性修复组患者的前唇肌电幅值。结论:口轮匝肌成形的肌功能恢复性修复方法对完全性双侧唇裂患者唇部运动功能的恢复优于单纯直线缝合法,提示双侧完全性唇裂手术修复时口轮匝肌成形的必要性。     

Can surgeons rely on growth-related changes to achieve lip height and width symmetry in unilateral complete cleft lip repair?

Surgeons face difficulties achieving simultaneous lip height and width symmetry while repairing unilateral complete cleft lip, so one is often sacrificed at the expense of the other. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth on lip height and width symmetry, to guide the surgeon to the best decision. The study patients (N = 105) were divided into two groups based on the treatment method: 42 were treated with the modified rotational advancement technique (MRA group) and 63 with the Millard rotation-advancement technique (RA group). Furthermore, based on lip height and width symmetry at 6 months postoperative, the patients were divided into three groups: 38 with symmetrical lip height and width (SL), 41 with horizontal lip width more symmetrical than lip height (RAW), and 26 with vertical lip height more symmetrical than lip width (RAH). Measurements were taken preoperatively (T0), 6 months (T1) and 5 years (T2) postoperatively. The MRA group had significantly more symmetrical lip height than the RA group at T1 (P = 0.003) and T2 (P = 0.002); however no statistically significant difference in lip width symmetry was observed between the two groups. In relation to the effects of growth, only lip width symmetry in the RAH group improved significantly between T1 and T2 (P = 0.023). In conclusion the improvement in lip width symmetry following 5 years of postoperative growth did not achieve the same symmetry as when lip width symmetry was achieved intraoperatively. Thus, the MRA technique could be used to obtain intraoperative symmetry of lip height and width.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者鼻腔通气情况的临床研究

目的:研究单侧完全性唇腭裂患者鼻腔通气情况与鼻腔内部畸形的相关性。方法:选取49例9~11岁年龄段单侧完全性唇腭裂患者作为研究组,选取对应年龄段的儿童牙科就诊的32例非唇腭裂患者作为对照组,应用鼻阻力检测仪测量分析其通气时的阻力大小,并与相应的鼻腔内部畸形的测量数据进行相关性分析。结果:49例患者中,鼻腔内部畸形的测量指标为鼻中隔偏曲,平均鼻中隔偏曲距离为(9.12±3.76)mm,偏曲角度为(20.8±2.7)°,单侧完全唇腭裂患者鼻中隔偏曲距离及偏曲角度均较对照组大(P<0.05)。唇腭裂组患者两侧鼻阻力值为(0.832±0.254)Pa/(s·cm^3);对照组两侧鼻阻力值为(0.627±0.167)Pa/(s·cm^3),唇腭裂组较对照组鼻阻力值增加(P<0.05)。鼻阻力值与鼻中隔偏曲的距离及偏曲角度呈正相关性(r=0.754、0.652,P均<0.001)。结论:单侧完全性唇腭裂患者继发较为严重的鼻腔内部畸形,会导致患者的鼻通气阻力增大。     

The Prevalence of Recurrent Herpes Labialis during an Army Hot Weather Exercise

A survey was performed on 1,062 of 2,500 (42%) Army personnel participating in a desert training exercise at Fort Irwin, California, in September 1983. The prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) and chapped lips was observed during the third week of a four-week training period. Complexion, sex, lip protectant use, age, and time spent outdoors were obtained by observation and interview. Recurrent herpes labialis was found in 46 subjects (4%). Stratified analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with RHL and to determine the prevalence odds ratios (POR). Risk factors with statistically significant associations with RHL were lip protectant use (POR = 0.19), chapped lips (POR = 2.87), being female (POR = 5.00), and light complexion (POR = 2.48). These findings strongly support the use of lip protectants during prolonged exposure to hot, dry climates as a prophylaxis against recurrent herpes labialis. Additional studies should focus on excitatory factors of RHL; and clinical trials of the efficacy of the lip protectants to protect against RHL and chapped lips should be undertaken.     

丙泊酚静脉维持麻醉用于婴幼儿唇裂手术的临床应用

目的:婴幼儿唇裂手术中,应用丙泊酚与传统的氯胺酮静脉麻醉方法比较。方法:Ⅰ～Ⅱ度唇裂手术婴幼儿55例,男34例,女21例;平均体重(8.3±2.5)kg。全部患儿均采用气管插管全麻。将患儿随机分为两组,Ⅰ组(氯胺酮组n=29),Ⅱ组(丙泊酚组n=26)。结果:Ⅰ组拔管时间、清醒时间明显较Ⅱ组长(P<0.05),且躁动哭闹人数、术后恶心呕吐发生率明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚用于婴幼儿唇裂修复术,具有苏醒快、气道分泌物少、术后恢复安全系数高的特点。而氯胺酮+γ-羟基丁酸钠麻醉,具有诱导插管平稳,但术后苏醒延迟、恶心呕吐、躁动哭闹发生率较高等特点,尤应注意术后呼吸道的管理。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上下颌牙弓关系的评价

目的：用Goslon Yardstick评价系统来评价替牙列期和恒牙列期单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上、下颌牙弓协调性的差异,为继发牙畸形的诊断、矫治设计和序列治疗提供依据。方法：对40例患者取牙模型并根据牙列情况分为两组,替牙列期组（n=18）和恒牙列期组（n=22）。用石膏模型,对其牙弓关系行Goslon Yardstick等级评价,并对不同牙列期组间的Yardstick等级进行统计学检验。结果：替牙列期组中,22.2%患者上下颌牙弓协调性差,属于GoslonYardstick等级4和5;Goslon Yardstick均值为2.72。恒牙列期组中,40.9%患者上下颌牙弓协调性差,属于GoslonYardstick等级4和5;Goslon Yardstick均值为3.46。结论：单侧完全性唇腭裂患者恒牙列期比替牙列期上下颌牙弓协调性差,治疗难度更大。     

口轮匝肌功能重建修复单侧完全性唇裂

目的 探讨口轮匝肌功能重建在单侧完全性唇裂修复术中的应用及效果评价。方法 回顾分析2007年—2011年我科收治的82例单侧完全性唇裂患者,其中52例唇裂整复术中同期行口轮匝肌功能重建术,而30例仅行单纯唇裂整复术。2组患者均随访6个月,测量比较2种治疗方法整复后的患者术后鼻唇外形。结果 在唇裂整复术同期应用口轮匝肌功能重建组的患者,术后可获得更好鼻唇对称性,患侧上唇高度及鼻孔高度明显优于未行口轮匝肌重建组（P<0.01）,并可获得满意的人中、鼻堤、红唇形态。结论 单侧完全性唇裂整复术中同期施行口轮匝肌功能重建能有效地恢复口轮匝肌连续性及其生理功能,有助于提高单侧完全性唇裂的治疗效果。     

Evaluation of soft tissue changes around the lips after bracket debonding using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

Objective:To evaluate the changes in soft tissue around the lips after orthodontic bracket debonding using three-dimensional (3-D) stereophotogrammetry.Materials and Methods:3-D facial images of 20 subjects (10 men and 10 women; mean age, 26.81 ± 7.23 years) were taken with a white light scanner before and after debonding the labial brackets. Two images acquired from each subject were superimposed, and 15 soft tissue landmarks around the lips were plotted and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using both paired and independent t-tests (P < .05).Results:There were no significant changes in position of any landmark on the x (left-right)- or y (vertical)-axes after removal of the brackets. However, the landmarks in the oral commissures and lower lip (LLP, −0.55 mm; Li, −0.44 mm; Ch-L, −0.56 mm, all P < .05) on the z (anteroposterior)-axis showed statistically significant differences. There were no significant positional changes of most landmarks on the x-, y-, or z- axes after bracket removal among the various genders and lip thicknesses.Conclusions:There was a slight retrusion in the oral commissure and lower lip areas after debonding, but no changes were found in the upper lip area. This study showed that 3-D stereophotogrammetry can be useful in evaluating facial soft tissue changes in orthodontic patients.