利用Xcm I构建T载体

目的：构建能自我复制的T载体。方法：设计一对引物，引入Xcm I酶切位点。通过PCR方法用PET－28（a)^ 作模板扩增550bp，插入Pa载体后用限制性内切酶，PCR及DNA测序等方法作鉴定。结果：用Xcm I酶切可见540bp及3810bp双酶切条带，用此载体人模板可扩增出550bp片段，测序结果与预期序列一致。结论:带有两个Xcm I位点的环状载体被成功构建。     

利用XcmⅠ构建T载体

目的:构建能自我复制的T载体.方法:设计一对引物,引入XcmⅠ酶切位点,通过PCR方法用PET-28(a)+作模板扩增550bp,插入Pa载体后用限制性内切酶、PCR及DNA测序等方法作鉴定.结果:用XcmⅠ酶切可见540bp及3810bp双酶切条带,用此载体作模板可扩增出550bp片段,测序结果与预期序列一致.结论:带有两个XcmⅠ位点的环状载体被成功构建.     

啤酒酵母鲨烯合酶基因的克隆及其基因表达载体的构建

[目的] 克隆啤酒酵母鲨烯合酶基因及构建其基因表达载体,为在微生物体内重建青蒿素合成途径打下基础.[方法]采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增、扩增片段与T-载体连接和克隆片段的序列分析;酶切并回收目的基因,反向插入酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,双酶切鉴定重组子.[结果] 通过PCR扩增获得1 335 bp片段,克隆后经PCR和酶切反应进行了鉴定.初步测序结果与GenBank上已登录的酵母鲨烯合酶基因序列基本吻合,相差仅数个碱基对;将此片段反向插入酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,构建了反义酵母表达载体,并通过双酶切加以鉴定.[结论] 成功克隆了啤酒酵母鲨烯合酶基因并进行了测序,同时构建了反义酵母表达载体.     

ZNF580基因原核表达载体的构建与鉴定

【目的】构建ZNF580基因原核表达载体,为获得大量重组ZNF580蛋白并制备其多克隆抗体奠定基础。【方法】根据ZNF580cDNA序列的开读框架设计上、下游引物,利用PCR技术扩增ZNF580开放阅读框cD-NA序列,将PCR扩增的目的片段与载体pET30a分别双酶切、回收纯化后做定向连接,EcoRI、XhoI双酶切电泳筛选、鉴定并测序。【结果】双酶切pET30a-ZNF580,电泳分析插入片段长度为524 bp,与预期的结果一致,经连接点两端进行测序,测序结果显示接头两端序列连接正确。【结论】成功构建原核表达载体pET30a-ZNF580。     

鼻咽癌相关新基因NPCEDRG真核诱导表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建受Tet系统调控人鼻咽癌相关新抑瘤基因NPCEDRG表达的真核诱导表达载体。方法以pcDNA3．1-NPCEDRG重组质粒为模板，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增NPCEDRG基因编码区，亚克隆到pRevTRE载体，PCR及双酶切鉴定，测序验证。结果以pRevTRE—NPCEDRG重组载体为模板PCR扩增以及双酶切重组载体，分别产生530bp和520bp长度的片断，测序结果证实插入片段方向正确，序列与Genebank已知序列一致，NPCEDRG基因编码区成功插入pRevTRE载体。结论成功构建了受Tet系统调控NPCEDRG基因表达的pRevTRE—NPCEDRG真核诱导表达载体，为深入研究NPCEDRG基因功能和摁示鼻咽癌发病分子机制提供实验手段。     

Panton-Valentine杀白细胞毒素(PVL)lukS-PV基因的克隆、原核表达及初步鉴定

目的构建Panton-Valentine杀白细胞毒素(PVL)lukS-PV基因表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达相应蛋白。方法提取PVL阳性金黄色葡萄球菌的基因,PCR方法扩增lukS-PV,A-T克隆至pGEM-T载体上,经PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定后,亚克隆到pET28a( )表达载体上,鉴定并转化至Rosetta(DE3)plys表达宿主菌中,用IPTG诱导表达,并用SDS-PAGE电泳分析和Western blot鉴定。结果构建了lukS-PV-pGEM-T和lukS-PV-pET28a( )重组质粒,经PCR扩增和限制性内切酶BamHI和XhoI双酶切均得到939bp的目的片段,基因测序与GENEBANK中的PVL的序列一致,宿主菌表达带HIS标签的重组LukS-PV蛋白。结论成功克隆lukS-PV基因和构建重组表达质粒,并在宿主菌中成功表达重组LukS-PV蛋白,为PVL免疫学检测方法的建立奠定基础。     

MGMT反义RNA真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：探讨反义RNA逆转胶质瘤细胞耐药的可能性，构建MGMT反义RNA的真核表达载体。方法：以Xho Ⅰ和PvuⅡ双酶切质粒pHM14，回收178bp的片段，定向插入以HpaⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切pLXSN所获得的线性化载体，构建针对MGMTmRNA5′端的反义表达载体pLaMT5SN；以EcoRⅠ单酶切pHM14，回收779bp的片段，插入以EcoRⅠ单酶切pLXSN并经CIAP去磷酸化的线性载体，构建针对MGMTmRNA全长序列的反义表达载体pLaMTSN。结果：pLaMT5SN经HindⅢ酶切可见370bp的片段；pLaMTSN经PCR扩增证明目的片段反向插入pLXSN，鉴定结果表明构建成功。结论：成功构建了两个MGMT反义RNA的真核表达载体，为研究MGMT反义RNA逆转胶质瘤耐药细胞的耐药表型提供了良好的实验材料。     

肝素酶反义RNA真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建肝素酶（heparanase，Hpa）反义RNA真核表达载体。方法 提取胃癌组织总RNA，按照GenBank中检索出的Hpa基因cDNA序列，设计并合成反义Hpa基因片段的引物，进行RT-PCR，并将扩增产物克隆至DGEMT载体，PCR鉴定及测序证实后，双酶切pGEM-T-antiHpa重组体回收目的片段，再将其反向亚克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1中，并对阳性克隆进行酶切鉴定和测序分析。结果 PCR扩增出的反义片段与预期长度相符。构建的Hpa反义RNA表达质粒pcDNA3．1-antiHpa，分别作PCR及双酶切（BamHⅠ和HindⅢ）鉴定，证实其中有目的片段完整插入，插入片段测序结果与反义Hpa序列设计完全一致。结论 成功构建了Hpa反义RNA真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-antiHpa，此结果为进一步研究Hpa蛋白分子的生物学功能和以Hpa为靶点的恶性肿瘤的基因治疗研究奠定了基础。     

乙酰胆碱受体α1亚基真核表达载体的构建

目的：构建含人乙酰胆碱受体（AChR）α1亚基N末端主要免疫区205个氨基酸（AChRα205）编码基因的真核表达载体。方法：以pMARα205为模板PCR扩增AChRα205。酶切后将PCR产物插入到载体pcDNA3.1（＋）的EcoRⅠ、XhoⅠ位点之间,重组子经转化E.coliDH5α菌、筛选、酶切并测序进行鉴定。结果：用PCR方法从pMARα205中扩增出了约644bp的片段,构建的重组质粒经双酶切可得到约633bp的片段,大小与预期结果相符,测序表明序列正确。结论：用基因重组方法获得了含正确目的基因序列的重组质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）/AChRα205。     

卡介苗菌株Hsp16.3基因打靶载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建卡介苗菌株Hsp16.3基因打靶载体.方法 体外培养卡片介苗菌株并提取基因组DNA,扩增Hsp16.3基因两侧序列5′-Hsp16.3和3'-Hsp16.3,分别插入到pKO质粒载体预定位点中构建Hsp16.3基因置换型打靶载体,筛选并进行PCR、双酶切鉴定及测序鉴定.结果 构建的卡介苗菌株Hsp16.3基因打靶载体,经PCR、双酶切鉴定及测序证实pKO质粒中的2个插入片段为所需目的基因.结论 成功构建出卡介苗菌株Hsp 16.3基因打靶载体.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.