社区健康管理对退休老年人健康行为及体质的影响

目的：探讨社区健康管理对退休老年人健康行为及体质影响的有效性。方法选取2011年12月～2013年12月在我院进行健康管理的社区退休老年人120例为管理组,同期在我院进行常规体检的退休老年人140例为对照组。对缺乏体育锻炼、心理压力、肥胖、高盐饮食、吸烟、高血压、高血脂、酗酒等健康行为和体质的评价指标进行比较。结果除了酗酒外,缺乏体育锻炼、高盐饮食、心理压力以及吸烟等行为指标发生率均比对照组下降,差别有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。管理组肥胖、高血压以及高血脂等体质指标均比对照组显著改善（P＜0．05）。其中以缺乏体育锻炼在人群中的流行率改善的最彻底,下降的幅度最大（χ2＝38．5,P＜0．01）。结论社区健康管理可有效地改善退休老年人的相关健康知识和行为,使他们有意识摒弃不良的生活行为,从而改善血压、血脂等体质指标,最终明显降低老年人常见慢性病的发病几率,提高了退休老年人的生活质量。     

文体活动与老年人心身健康关系的调查

目的研究探讨文化体育活动与老年人心身健康的关系。方法采用问卷式调查表，随机抽样，调查了杭州市１０００名坚持参加文体活动的离退休人员，对其活动前后的情绪和躯体健康状况进行了比较分析。结果活动后情绪和躯体健康状况较比活动前有极其明显的改善（Ｐ均＜０．００１）。结论文化体育活动非常有益于老年人的心身健康     

老年人个人偏好与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨老年人个人偏好与心理健康的关系.方法采用爱德华个人偏好量表和症状自评量表对南充市74名老年人进行问卷调查.结果①不同性别的老年人在成就、谦卑、助人倾向上差异显著.②不同年龄段老年人的自主、变异倾向差异显著.③老年人亲和、坚毅、自主、性爱倾向与心理健康显著相关.结论男性老年人更倾向成就,而女性老年人更谦卑和助人;低龄老年人更自主,而中龄老年人更倾向变异;亲和、坚毅、自主和性爱倾向影响老年人心理健康,但个人偏好水平不会带来老年人心理健康的变化.     

620名社区老年人健康行为与生活方式调查分析与护理对策

健康行为与生活方式同老年人生活质量密切相关.研究证实:健康生活方式能有效预防高血压及增强降压药物效果[1];不健康的生活方式是导致慢性病患病率上升的主要原因[2];国外观察显示有效的生活方式干预对糖尿病患者血脂的控制有益[3].本研究旨在调查长春市社区老年人的健康行为与生活方式,分析其对健康状况的影响,为今后社区开展老年健康教育活动提供初步理论依据.     

洛阳城区老年人心理健康状况调查

目的 探讨洛阳城区老年人心理健康状况,分析其主要相关因素,并提出相应的干预措施.方法 采用中国科学院心理研究所设计的老年心理健康问卷,对洛阳城区1100例老年人进行调查评定.结果 老年人心理健康状况总分在性别、身体健康状况、教育水平、职业方面存在差异,在年龄方面总的差异不显著.结论 发现影响老年人心理健康的因素,寻求提高老年人心理健康的方法.     

失能老年人健康自我管理行为及影响因素分析

目的 探讨失能老年人健康自我管理行为并分析其影响因素。方法 2022年8月至2023年6月以便利抽样法对老年人采用日常生活能力量表进行失能筛查,对筛选出的632例失能老年人进行健康自我管理行为量表评定,采用描述性分析失能老年人健康自我管理行为的现况,多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果 失能老年人健康自我管理行为平均分为(2.71±0.502)分。同年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、以前的职业(工作)、是否吸烟、居住情况、子女居住距离、平时患病有无家人陪伴、是否患慢性病、健康状况、睡眠质量对失能老年人健康自我管理行为的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度、是否吸烟、与孙子女居住、平时患病有无家人陪伴、是否患慢性病、自评健康状况、睡眠质量是失能老年人健康自我管理行为的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 失能老年人健康自我管理行为水平较差,可通过加强慢性病预防、促进健康生活方式行为、增加子女关爱等针对性措施,提高失能老年人健康自我管理水平。     

北京老年人家庭关系对心理健康的影响

目的 了解北京老年人家庭关系对心理健康的影响. 方法 抽样调查了北京城乡社区1706例老年人,并且进行健康自评量表、流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)等的测试和涉及家庭、生活、经济、健康状况的综合问卷的调查. 结果 家庭关系对老人心理健康的影响有统计学意义,独居、无配偶、家庭不和睦、不受家人尊敬、不跟家人沟通的老年人心理健康状况较差. 结论 老人的心理健康状况受家庭因素的影响,良好的家庭关系能减少老年人的心理问题发生.应发扬尊老爱老的传统美德,保持良好和谐的家庭关系.     

延边朝鲜族汉族老年人健康状况与健康促进行为的比较

目的 确认延边地区朝鲜族与汉族老年人的健康状况与健康促进行为(HPB)的民族差异及相关因素.方法 采用便利抽样法对延边地区492名朝、汉老年人的健康状况进行问卷调查.结果 朝鲜族与汉族老年人在HPB及情绪上有显著差异(t=2.363,P=0.019;χ~2=3.935,P=0.047);影响老年人健康状况的主要因素有文化程度、情绪、健康自评(SRH)及社会活动等.结论 社区卫生服务应充分考虑服务对象的民族、文化、健康促进因素,实施适合的行为干预.     

老年人健康所需的精神文化生活条件调查

目的 了解老年人在精神文化生活方面有哪些需求,要使他们度过一个幸福愉快的晚年要创造什么样的条件。方法 采用自行编制的“老年健康所需的精神文化生活条件调查问卷”。对203位老人和59位老年工作者进行了调查。结果 大多数老年人和老年工作者认为问卷所列的14项精神文化生活条件与老年人的心理健康都有密切关系,并对其中哪些条件最为重要,哪些条件开展得比较好或不足提出了他们的看法。结论 老年人有强烈的精神文化需求,要满足他们的要求最主要的是积极开展老年文化活动,加强福利保障,创造必要条件发挥他们的余热,大力宣传敬老、爱老的优良传统,形成良好的社会风尚,这是今后老年工作的重点。     

济南市城区老年人心理健康状况的调查

目的 了解济南市城区离退休老年人的心理健康状况,探讨各种因素对老年人心理健康状况的影响.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法对济南市城区≥60岁老年人进行调查,对所获得的资料应用SPSS11.0统计软件进行t检验,方差分析及多元回归与相关分析.结果 离退休老年人心理异常症状发生率为61.56%.影响因素依次有:经济状况、躯体健康状况、婚姻状况、性别和年龄.SCL-90因子分与SSRI各纬度分及总分大多数呈负相关,其相关系数以总分和客观支持分较高,而与主观支持和对支持的利用度的相关系数较低.结论 离退休老年人心理异常症状发生率为61.56%,高发年龄是60～70岁年龄段.老年人的心理症状异常受性别、年龄、躯体健康状况、经济水平、配偶是否健在等因素影响,与所获得的社会支持情况明显相关.     

Sex differences in the relationship between DHEAS and health

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate form (DHEAS) have been the focus of considerable publicity because of their demonstrated associations with a broad range of health outcomes. Yet, knowledge about the effects of endogenous DHEA(S) on health in humans is limited and often inconclusive, largely because few of the studies have been based on prospective surveys of population-representative samples. This analysis uses a national longitudinal survey in Taiwan to investigate whether DHEAS is associated with subsequent changes (2000-2003) in functional limitations, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and global self-rated health. Regression models based on this older Taiwanese sample show that among men, lower levels of DHEAS are related to declines in mobility and self-assessed health status and increases in depressive symptoms, while both low and very high levels of DHEAS are associated with poor cognitive function. There are no significant associations among women. These findings differ from those in a previous cross-sectional analysis based on the Taiwan study and underscore the importance of using prospective data to examine the effects of DHEAS on health. The evidence based on this and other longitudinal studies suggests that endogenous DHEAS is related to health outcomes for men, but not women, in both Western and non-Western populations.     

农村地区老年人照料者的社会支持、卫生服务使用与精神卫生状况

目的 探讨我国农村地医老年人照料者的社会支持、卫生服务使用及精神卫生状况及其相互关系。方法 采用社会支持量表、社会网络量表、卫生服务使用问卷、流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表对199位60岁以是老人的长期照料者进行评估。结果 大多数照料者为老人的配偶儿子和儿媳。照料者最常使用的卫生服务方式为看医生。回归分析表明，抑郁量表评分与照料者年龄和收入、受照料老人性别和年龄、照料时间及社会网络量表总分有密切关系。结论 我国农村地区家庭在老人照料中承担着主要角色，大多数照料者选择使用医疗服务资源。照料过程中出现的抑郁体验与照料者及受照料老人的背景有关，社会支持力量可能起一定中介作用。     

The use of healthcare services for mental health problems by middle-aged and older adults

Although mental disorders occur commonly in later life, it has been reported that older adults are reluctant to seek help for their mental health problems. The purpose of this research study was to analyze the contact with healthcare professionals, self-perceived mental health problems and unmet needs, as reported by a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults. We report a cross-sectional analysis of all the respondents of the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing aged 55 years and older (N = 3178). Results indicated that 306 (9.6%) participants had a DSM-IV classifiable mental disorder based on self-identified symptoms over the preceding 12 months. Of these, 146 (48%) reported that they had not consulted a healthcare professional to deal with their mental health problems. Among those who consulted with a healthcare professional, the general practitioner was the main point of contact. Medication and psychotherapy/counseling were the most frequent form of help obtained. Informational and instrumental help, such as help to sort out practical problems and to look after oneself, were the most reported unmet needs. These results suggest a gap in the provision of healthcare services for mental health problems directed toward the specific needs of aging adults. The reported unmet needs might be met by increasing awareness amongst healthcare professionals regarding mental health problems in later stages of life and by improving the access of older people to the services commonly provided by multidisciplinary teams.     

肺结核患者的心理调查与护理干预研究

目的了解肺结核患者的心理状况,探索护理干预的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对200例肺结核患者进行心理评分,将200例患者随机分成观察组、对照组。对照组仅做常规的治疗护理,观察组增加了心理护理及系统的健康教育。评定与比较2组患者的SDSS、AS分值。结果肺结核患者SDS、SAS评分与全国常模比较有显著性差异。干预后观察组与对照组比较SDS、SAS评分有显著性差异(P＜0.01)。结论肺结核患者易出现心理障碍。护理干预可缓解或明显减轻患者的不良情绪,提高其自理能力,从而提高临床疗效。     

肺结核患者的心理调查与护理干预研究

目的了解肺结核患者的心理状况，探索护理干预的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对200例肺结核患者进行心理评分，将200例患者随机分成观察组、对照组。对照组仅做常规的治疗护理，观察组增加了心理护理及系统的健康教育。评定与比较2组患者的SDS、SAS分值。结果肺结核患者SDS、SAS评分与全国常模比较有显著性差异。干预后观察组与对照组比较SDS、SAS评分有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论肺结核患者易出现心理障碍。护理干预可缓解或明显减轻患者的不良情绪，提高其自理能力，从而提高临床疗效。     

Longitudinal relationship between adolescents' mental health,energy balance-related behavior,and anthropometric changes

Energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) are considered the immediate causes of adolescents' body weight increases, but adolescents have identified mental health as a contributor. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between adolescents' mental health and obesity, but causal relationships and the role of EBRBs within this can only be established using longitudinal studies. This systematic review summarizes the findings of longitudinal studies investigating this relationship, in addition to the role of EBRB in the relationship. Multiple electronic databases were searched for longitudinal studies using keywords related to the adolescent population, mental health, EBRB, and body weight. In total, 1216 references were identified and screened based on previously defined eligibility criteria. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies indicated that mental health-related measures like depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction were related to an increase in body weight later. As this review is focused on behavioral mediators, six studies reported associations between mental health—anthropometry dyad and EBRBs such as eating habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep—as well as stressors like peer victimization. Future studies may focus on streamlining mental health measures and body weight outcomes to assess this relationship. Furthermore, more longitudinal investigations are needed to provide insight into the role of EBRBs in the mental health–body weight relationship during adolescence.     

老年人手术后精神障碍临床分析

目的了解老年病人手术后精神障碍的发生率,探讨与之相关的影响因素。方法老年医学科重症监护室收治的208例老年手术患者,分为有精神障碍组和无精神障碍组,比较2组间年龄、基础疾病及术后用药差异。结果老年人术后精神障碍发生率约为12%,与年龄密切相关(P<0·01)。患者的基础疾病脑梗死是精神障碍发生的易发因素(P<0·05),术后奥美拉唑、复合氨基酸的使用与精神障碍的发生有关(P<0·01和P<0·05)。结论老年人术后精神障碍的发生与年龄、基础疾病脑梗死、术后使用奥美拉唑、复合氨基酸有关。     

空巢老人心理健康状况研究

目的 研究空巢老人心理健康状况及主要相关因素。方法 以老年心理健康问卷为评定工具，对452位老年人进行调查．结果 绝对空巢组在“孤独感”和“社会支持”因子的评分与非空巢组差异显著，并在“孤独感”和“适应能力”因子的评分与相对空巢组差异显著；心理健康状况与诸多因素相关．结论 空巢老人的心理健康问题不容忽视，身体健康、家庭人际关系及生活满意度对于调节心理健康非常重要。     

The physical and mental health of elderly in a Balinese village

This was a study of the physical and mental health and lifestyle of elderly Balinese. Persons over 65 years of age (N = 45) in the village of Batur Utara were studied by structured interviews and quantitative psychological/psychiatric instruments. Prevalences of physical illness and mental disorders were obtained and compared with data available from other countries. The proportion of elderly in the total population was relatively low (4.1%). A high proportion (95.7%) were still working. We found relatively high prevalences of depression (14%) and anxiety (18%) and relatively low prevalences of dementia (7%) and obesity (0%).