元素汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

本文研究了元素汞对机体神经行为功能影响的性别差异。 以某厂105名元汞中毒的汞作业工人为接触组,其中男性61名,女性44名;另以无毒物接触史的60名健康者为对照组,内男、女各30名。各组年龄、文化水平构成相近。所有受检者     

低浓度汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

目的了解低浓度汞接触对不同性别机体行为功能影响的差异,为制订有效的防护策略提供依据。方法选择汞作业工人６６人（其中女性４３人）为接触组,另选无汞接触史的健康者８６人（其中女性４０人）为对照组,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心方法作功能测试。结果女性在注意力及反映速度、听记忆、感知－运动速度等方面受汞的影响较男性敏感,而男性在视感知方面易受损。结论在劳动保护方面应男女各有侧重,尤其应注意接汞女工的健康监护。     

职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

汞对工人个性影响的调查

通过对191名接触汞工人,用艾森克个性测验调查表进行调查,发现男性接触汞工人在N,L分上与对照组男性工人有显著差别.女性接触汞工人在E,L分上与对照组女性工人有显著差别。尿汞浓度与性格改变有平行关系.汞吸收工人的性格与尿汞正常的工人性格间差异有显著性。汞对男性个性影响表现为情绪反应减弱,汞对女性个性影响主要表现为内向、保守、离群。     

职业性汞接触对机体行为功能影响的研究

本文研究了元素汞对机体行为的影响。选某厂从事汞作业的105名工人为接触组,另以无职业危害因素接触史的60名健康者为对照组,其年龄、性别、文化程度构成和接触组相似。用汞个体采样管在工人14个作业点采样,连采2天;以平均时间加权平均浓度表示工人接触水平。按接触程度,将接触组分为中、低浓度二组。所有受检者均采用世界卫生组织神经行为核心方法作行为功能测试。 结果表明,空气汞浓度在0.009±0.006mg/m~3时,机体某些行为功能已发生明显变化;随接触水平增高,改变尤为显著,呈接触水平-效应关系。     

低浓度汞接触对机体行为功能的影响——计算机化神经行为评价系统的应用

应用中文版计算机化神经行为评价系统(NES-C)和情感状态问卷(POMS),对88名接触汞蒸气工人和70名对照人群.进行神经行为功能测试。结果提示,汞接触组工人的消极性情感状态得分增高,心算、数字检索、注意力调转、视复杂反应时及指叩等行为功能受到明显影响(P<0.05～0.01)。研究表明,NES-C适用于接触职业性有害因素,特别是神经性毒物的健康监护。     

汞对工人个性影响的调查

通过对１９１名接触汞工人，用艾森克个性测验调查表进行调查，发现男性接触汞工人在Ｎ，Ｌ分上与对照组男性工人有显著差别。女性的妆触汞工人在Ｅ，Ｌ分上与对照组女性工人有明显差别。尿汞浓度与性格改变有平行关系。汞吸收工人的性格与尿汞正常的工人性格间差异有显著性。汞对男性个性影响表现为情绪反应减弱，汞对女性个性影响主要表现为内向、保守、离群。     

冷原子吸收法测定血中微量汞在生物监测中的应用

测定血中微量汞能为汞中毒的预防与治疗提供科学的依据。本文应用冷原子吸收法对42名汞接触者及42名汞非接触者进行了血中微量汞的测定,报导如下。1 对象的选择 选择42名汞接触者,其中男性20名,女性22名,年龄在20～50岁;42名无职业性汞接触史的健康成人,其中男性23名,女性19名,年龄在20～50岁。2 样品采集及测定方法 2.1 样品采集 分别采集0.1ml手指     

金属汞对神经行为功能影响的调查

金属汞对神经行为功能影响的调查上海市金山县疾病防治中心薛春萌上海市金山县卫生局鲁桂根上海市金山县卫生防疫站汪小平沈金莲顾增权为避免性别对神经行为功能的干扰作用，本研究以女姓汞作业工人为对象，探索较低浓度汞接触对神经行为功能的影响。１材料和方法以某荧光...     

低浓度1-溴丙烷对接触者神经系统的影响

[目的]观察低浓度1-溴丙烷(1-BP)接触对人外周神经系统和中枢神经系统功能的影响。[方法]以25名1-BP接触工人为接触组(其中男性17人)和25名非接触工人为对照组(其中男性17人),使用问卷调查收集研究对象的年龄、性别和吸烟、饮酒状况及教育程度等信息,测定1-BP接触的时间加权平均浓度(TWA),进行神经传导速度和神经行为学检查。[结果]接触组女性和暴露组女性相比,一般情况中除年龄(接触组女性年龄低于对照组,P<0．05)外,其他方面差别均无显著性;接触组男性和暴露组男性一般情况差别均无显著性。1-BP接触浓度的TWA平均值80．4(2．0-384．9)mg/m3;男性接触组与其对照组相比,运动神经传导速度减慢,末端潜伏期延长,简明情绪量表(profile of mood states,PMOS)表中紧张焦虑项得分增高,视觉记忆项得分降低,差异有显著性(P<0．05);女性接触组与其对照组各项比较差别均未见统计学意义(P>0．05)。[结论]低浓度1-BP暴露能对男性接触者外周神经传导速度和神经行为产生影响。     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance.

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

Surveillance of workers exposed to mercury vapour:validation of a previously proposed biological threshold limit value for mercury concentration in urine

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among subjects exposed to mercury (Hg) vapour, ie, a group of 131 male workers (mean age: 30.9 yr; average duration of exposure, 4.8 yr) and a group of 54 female workers (mean age, 29.9 yr; average duration of exposure 7 yr). The results were compared with those obtained in well-matched control groups comprising 114 and 48 male and female workers, respectively. The intensity of current Hg vapour exposure was rather moderate as reflected by the levels of mercury in urine (HgU) (mean and 95th percentile: males 52 and 147 micrograms/g creatinine; females 37 and 63 micrograms/g creatinine) and of mercury in blood (mean and 95th percentile: males 1.4 and 3.7 micrograms/dl; females 0.9 and 1.4 microgram/dl). Several symptoms mainly related to the central nervous system (memory disturbances, depressive feelings, fatigue, irritability) were more prevalent in the Hg-exposed subjects. They were, however, not related to exposure parameters. In both male and female Hg-exposed workers no significant disturbances were found in short-term memory (audioverbal), simple reaction time (visual), critical flicker fusion, and colour discrimination ability. Only slight renal tubular effects were detected in Hg-exposed males and females, ie, an increased urinary beta-galactosidase activity and an increased urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein. The prevalence of these preclinical renal effects was more related to the current exposure intensity (HgU) than to the duration of exposure and was detected mainly when HgU exceeds 50 micrograms/g creatinine. Changes in hand tremor spectrum recorded with an accelerometer were found in the Hg-exposed males only. The prevalence of abnormal values for some hand tremor parameters (total velocity and total displacement in the 2-50-Hz band) was mainly increased in male workers exposed for more than 10 yr. Unlike the renal tubular effects, the preclinical signs of tremor were more related to the integrated exposure than to the current exposure. Since the female workers, who have been exposed to Hg vapour levels usually insufficient to increase their HgU levels above 50 micrograms/g creatinine, did not exhibit any change in hand tremor pattern, the results of the present study tend to validate our previously proposed biological threshold limit value of a HgU of 50 micrograms/g creatinine for workers chronically exposed to mercury vapour.     

Influence of free radicals on cardiovascular risk due to occupational exposure to mercury

This study was designed to investigate the relation between occupational exposure to mercury and cardiovascular risk, as well as free radicals. The study subjects included 30 male workers exposed to mercury from a fluorescent lamp plant in Alexandria after exclusion of 12 workers with conditions that may bias the results. A matched control group of 20 male subjects were selected from a food industrial plant. The participants were subjected to interview, clinical examination, electrocardiography and R-R deep breathing variability test as a measure of cardiac autonomic function. Spot urine and venous blood samples were collected to measure mercury levels. Free radicals related markers were measured in serum namely lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity and glutathione S-transferase. Results showed significant longer electrocardiographic Q-Tc interval, which is corrected to heart rate, in exposed workers than in controls (p=0.002). The R-R deep breathing variability indices were significantly increased among exposed workers in comparison to controls (maximal variation (MV) ratio, p=0.024 & MV rate, p=0.019). The mercury levels in both urine and blood of exposed workers were significantly higher than controls (p<0.0001), with mean levels exceeding the permissible limits. Free radicals related markers revealed significant higher level of lipid peroxide, as well as significant lower levels of SOD activity, catalase activity and glutathione S-transferase among exposed workers than among controls (p<0.0001 for all). Independent relations were observed between Q-Tc and lipid peroxide, and between MV rate and SOD and catalase activities among exposed workers after adjustment for the confounders by multivariate regression analyses. These findings may suspect a cardiac autonomic dysfunction probably related to free radicals in mercury exposed workers. Also, it may through light on some preventive implications.     

父母接触汞蒸气对子代智力发育影响的研究

用美国丹佛智力筛查法（ＤＤＳＴ），调查父母接触汞蒸气的子女（６岁以下）１５６人，对照组４８人。父母作业环境汞蒸气浓度：平均０．０１８５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３（范围０．００１－０．０６０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）。在动作能，应物能，言评语能和应人能四个检测项目中，父母接汞组儿童智力发育水平低于对照组，其中应物能最敏感。尿汞高于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童智力发育延长率比尿汞低于０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的儿童高，说明儿童体内汞负荷与智…     

Effects of metallic mercury on the perimenstrual symptoms and menstrual outcomes of exposed workers

BACKGROUND: Mercury is an important environmental and industrial pollutant and its effect on perimenstrual symptoms and menstrual outcomes is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological investigation was conducted on 296 female workers exposed to mercury vapor and 394 female workers from food processing plants. Both groups included women of 18-44 years of age currently working since last at least 1 year when studied. Women who were currently pregnant, using oral contraceptives (Ocs), an intrauterine device (IUD), and steroid hormones were excluded. RESULTS: The air concentration of mercury in the workplace ranged from 0.001-0.200 mg/m(3). The prevalence of abdominal pain in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% CI is 1.03-2.11). The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI is 1.07-2.59). CONCLUSIONS: An increased prevalence of abnormal menstruation was found in mercury-exposed workers in China. Dysmenorrhea may be a useful biomarker for assessing female exposure to mercury occupationally. These observations suggest that further studies and preventive measures are warranted.     

Change in the iso-enzyme profiles of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosoaminidase in workers exposed to mercury

The iso-enzyme profiles of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosoaminidase (NAG) were studied in the workers from a chloro-alkaline electrolysis plant that had been continuously exposed to elemental mercury. The same workers then had a work break of four months and were later re-exposed to mercury for another five months. The activities of urinary NAG in workers exposed to mercury before and after the work break and in the control group were 2.09 +/- 1.03 IU/L; 0.90 +/- 0.52 IU/L and 1.13 +/- 0.35 IU/L, respectively. The fraction of the dominant A form activity in the total activity, in the workers exposed to mercury after a work break (85.31 +/- 5.32%), was almost equal to the fraction of A in the control group (84.64 +/- 2.75%). The percent fraction of A forms (A and A2) during continuous exposure was almost equal to the sum of the fractions A and A2 in the control group and for exposure after the work break. The fraction of the B form activity in the total activity during exposure to elemental mercury for five months after the work break (7.41 +/- 3.45%) was lower (P < 0.1) than the fraction of the B form in the control group (8.62 +/- 2.19%). The decrease in the fraction of the B form compared with the control group was more significant (P < 0.001) in the case of continuously exposed workers (5.25 +/- 2.55%). Beside the major A and B iso-enzymes of NAG, the A2 form was also isolated, and its fraction in the control group (6.73 +/- 2.15%) was not negligible. For workers exposed to mercury for five months, it was 7.28 +/- 3.52%. It is concluded that mercury affected the increased exocytosis of iso-enzyme A and the inhibition of B iso-enzyme of NAG. The increase in activity of urinary NAG in subjects exposed to mercury was a consequence of the increased excretion of A form. It was established also that the four months work break was sufficient for the repair of renal damages that occurred during continuous exposure, and which were monitored by the activity of NAG. Thus, the effects of mercury seem to have been reversible.     

金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究

应用职业流行病学方法,讨论汞接触与汞危害关系,对现行汞标准进行评价。调查接汞者1220(女工776)名,对照组944(女工592)名。汞接触水平均0.1mg/m~3内,所见症状与接汞水平、尿汞、工龄与年龄有关;女工的神经系统症状发生较男工为甚。空气汞、尿汞与中毒症状间存在剂量反应关系;空气汞与尿汞值之比约1:1.67,尿汞水平在0.05mg/L以下时,接汞水平相当于0.03mg/m~3,在此汞接触水平下,连续接触10年,汞中毒发生率为1.9％。提示以保护97％接汞人群不发生中毒为水准,建议汞的卫生标准由0.01mg/m~3修订为0.03mg/m~3。