环江县部分毛南族和壮族儿童G-6-PD缺乏调查

对环江县毛南族及壮族部分儿童葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏状况进行调查，为该病的防治提供科学数据。     

病毒性肝炎并发溶血性贫血5例诊治分析

目的：探讨病毒性肝炎合并溶血性贫血的诊治并分析其机制。方法：对5例病毒性肝炎并发溶血性贫血患者进行分析。结果：痊愈2例,好转1例,2例死于上消化道出血和肝昏迷。结论：临床上迅速出现皮肤黏膜苍白、黄疸迅速加深的病毒性肝炎,须警惕合并溶血性贫血。合并溶血时,糖皮质激素是首选用药.     

11437例新生儿葡萄糖6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏筛查的分析

本文对孕妇及其丈夫进行产前G6PD缺乏筛查,凡一方有G6PD缺乏者,孕妇在36周起服预防药直至分娩,并在产后留脐血,同时采集生后72小时的新生儿足跟血进行G6PD缺乏筛查。脐血组和新生儿组共检出G6PD缺乏592例(男321例,女271例),男性检出率为5.4％;女性为4.9％,总检出率5.2％。产前预防组G6PD缺乏所致新生儿高胆发生率(9.9％)低于非预防组(17.9％)。     

6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏致高胆红素血症的临床分析

【目的】了解6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏婴儿高胆红素血症(高胆)的临床特点及有关因素。【方法】分析天河区妇幼保健院就诊58例G-6-PD缺乏致高胆的新生儿的临床资料。【结果】新生儿G6-PD缺乏诱发高胆的常见原因依次是：①宫内窘迫及产时窒息；②感染；③药物，包括母亲产前用药。部分合并其他原因如ABO溶血、母亲HBV携带等。【结论】加强围产期保健，及时诊治G-6-PD缺乏患儿，做好新生儿筛查工作。     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏应用两种方法检测的结果分析

目的了解高铁血红蛋白还原率试验与G6PD/6PD酶活性比值两种方法筛查血液G6PD缺乏症患者的临床应用价值。方法收集429例受检者血样,采用高铁血红蛋白还原试验和G6PD/6PD酶活性比值两种方法筛查、确定G6PD缺乏症患者。结果检出G6PD缺乏症杂合体患者13例,检出G6PD缺乏症纯合体患者48例。结论高铁血红蛋白还原率试验与G6PD/6PD酶活性比值两种方法均适用于G6PD缺乏症患者的筛查,采用两种方法联合筛查G6PD缺乏症能降低漏检率。     

存储温度和时间对滤纸片干血斑标本葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性的影响

目的探讨存储温度和时间对滤纸片干血斑标本葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,G6PD）活性的影响，选择合适的存储条件，提高实验准确性，降低假阳性率。方法研究对象为2006年6月在云南省第一人民医院遗传诊断中心门诊就诊的25例筛查葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症个体（成年个体为20例，新生儿为5例）的滤纸片干血斑标本（成年患者取手指末稍血，新生儿患者取足跟血于S＆S903滤纸片上），水平放置自然条件下干燥。将同一滤纸片干血斑标本分为3组，分别存储于4C冰箱（4C冰箱组）、室温和37C恒温温箱[室温组（约18C）和37C温箱组]中，在第1、第3、第6天采用荧光测定法测定葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性，比较滤纸片干血斑标本在不同存储温度、存储时间测定的结果，探讨温度和时间对葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性的影响。结果荧光测定法所测4C冰箱组中，25例滤纸片干血斑标本葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性正常，测定值为（5．32±0．77）IU／g血红蛋白（Hb）。室温组和37C温箱组滤纸片干血斑标本葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶酶活性下降，与4C冰箱组比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0．01），且滤纸片干血斑标本存储于室温组第3天，即出现可疑阳性结果，而滤纸片干血斑标本在4C冰箱存储6d，无一例可疑阳性结果出现。干血滤纸片葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶酶活性与存储温度和时间，存在相关性（R=0．683，P〈0．01），滤纸片干血斑标本存储温度升高和（或）存储时间延长，将使葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性降低。结论随着滤纸片干血斑标本存储温度的升高和存储时间的延长，葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性显著降低，出现可疑阳性，甚至假阳性结果。滤纸片干血斑标本水平放置自然干燥3h后，存储在4C冰箱内最为合适。应避免将滤纸片干血斑标本长时间暴露于室温?     

荧光斑点试剂的两种方法测定干血斑G6PD活性的结果分析

目的探索通过上机用半定量荧光法代替定性的荧光斑点法,以测定新生儿筛查滤纸干血斑标本葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)活性。方法按照《新生儿疾病筛查技术规范》的要求采集和保存滤纸干血斑标本,并于当天分别用定性的荧光斑点法和上机半定量荧光法测定G6PD活性,并采用我中心对G6PD的确诊方法进行验证。分别计算出两种方法的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、特异性和灵敏度以及粗一致率。结果本实验共测定278份滤纸干血斑标本,用荧光斑点法进行测定并统计得到其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:97.97%、96.62%、98.48%、95.56%;用半定量法进行测定,统计得到其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:97.04%、95.24%、98.01%、93.02%。两者比较,灵敏度都达到97%以上,特异度达95%以上,粗一致率达97.16%。结论用半定量荧光法检测滤纸为干血斑G6PD活性提供了新的检测方法,更有利于大批量的筛查标本检测工作。     

染料亲和层析分离纯化酵母两种脱氢酶

目的探讨三嗪活性染料Cibacron Blue F3GA和KE-3B艳红制备的亲和层析柱用于建立分离纯化面包酵母乙醇脱氢酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的方法。方法在琼脂糖凝胶Sepharose 6B上,分别偶联三嗪活性染料Cibacron Blue F3GA和KE-3B艳红,制成染料亲和层析柱。将面包酵母经超声破碎、高速离心、硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、冰冻干燥等步骤得到脱氢酶粗品,再经染料亲和层析柱进一步纯化。结果经过固定有Cibacron Blue F3GA的亲和层析柱,乙醇脱氢酶的纯化倍数为2.0,酶活性回收率为30.8%;经过固定有KE-3B艳红的亲和层析柱,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的纯化倍数为23.2,酶活性回收率为66.0%。所得的乙醇脱氢酶在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳为1条带。结论染料配基亲和层析可作为面包酵母乙醇脱氢酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的精制纯化方法。     

新生儿红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏筛查结果分析

目的:了解广东省肇庆市端州区新生儿脐血红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏的发生率。方法:2 236例活产新生儿出生后即取脐血,采用定量法测定红细胞G-6-PD/6-PGD的比值,低于1.0者为G-6-PD缺乏。结果:G-6-PD缺乏的患儿152例,总发生率为6.79%。其中男129例,发生率为10.34%;女23例,发生率为2.32%,男性发生率明显高于女性(2χ=90.03,P<0.001)。结论:脐血G-6-PD活性筛查,能比较准确地检测出G-6-PD缺乏患儿,指导临床对其并发症进行早期干预,避免智力低下等后遗症的发生,提高人口素质。     

少数民族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变检测

目的 了解贵州省少数民族葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphato dehydrogenase。G6PD)缺乏症的发生率、基因突变类型特点及分布特征。方法 对贵州省苗族、水族、瑶族2566人采用四氮唑蓝定性法初筛、G6PD／6PGD比值法验证，再经错配引物介导的聚合酶链反应／限制性酶切分析法检测中国人常见的基因突变型。结果 检出G6PD缺乏症175例，其中苗族检出G1388A突变7例、G1376T突变1例、A95G突变6例、C1024T突变8例；水族检出G1388A突变12例、G1376T突变24例、A95G突变9例、C1024T突变2例；瑶族检出G1388A突变15例、G1376T突变7例。结论 贵州省是G6PD缺乏症的高发区，贵州省苗族、水族、瑶族中都存在G1388A、G1376T这两种中国人常见G6PD突变型。为了解贵州省少数民族G6PD缺乏症的分布特征提供了原始数据。     

CCl_4诱发肝损伤过程中血液细胞免疫功能的变化

目的　探讨化学性肝损伤对血细胞免疫功能的影响。方法　 36只健康且体重为 2 7.80± 0 .73g雄性成年小鼠随机分成对照组和四氯化碳 (CCl4)组 ,通过腹腔注射 0 .1ml/ 10 0 g CCl4诱发肝损伤 ,隔日 3次连续 2周 ,于染毒第 1、2周观察血液红细胞和白细胞免疫功能的变化。结果　小鼠注射 CCl4以后 ,体重在第 2周显著低于对照组 ;CCl4组红细胞总数 (RBC)、比容 (PCV)、血红蛋白 (Hb)含量低于或明显低于对照组 ;RBC- CR1 花环率在 CCl4注射后的 2周内均极显著下降 ,而 RBC- IC花环率升高或极明显升高 ;白细胞总数 (WBC)在整个实验期显著上升 ;白细胞分类计数 (DC)中的嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞则分别明显高于和低于对照组 ,单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞变化不明显 ;T-淋巴细胞极显著下降 ,而 B-淋巴细胞与 T-淋巴细胞相反。结论　 CCl4诱发肝损伤明显影响血细胞免疫功能 ,导致整体免疫功能低下。     

四氯化碳中毒大鼠肝脏Ca~(2 )-ATP酶和磷酸化酶a活性的研究

本实验采用雄性S.D.大鼠,经日一次灌注2.2ml/kg 四氯化碳,于染毒后12、24、48小时测定肝微粒体Ca~2 -ATP 酶和肝细胞液磷酸化酶a 活性变化。结果发现,染毒后大鼠肝微粒体Ca~2 -ATP 酶活性显著降低,以染毒后24小时为甚;肝细胞液磷酸化酶a 活性显著增高,以染毒后24小时为最高。说明四氯化碳致肝损伤时,肝内质网隔离钙的能力降低,胞液中钙浓度升高。本实验对于阐明四氯化碳中毒性肝病发病机理有一定的意义。     

Study of some erythrocyte and serum enzyme activities in workers exposed to low ozone concentrations for a long time

Summary In 22 subjects exposed during work to ozone concentrations ranging from 0.160 to 0.290 ppm, the following enzyme activities were measured at the end of a normal work shift: AchE, G-6-PDh, PK in erythrocytes, LDH and alfa HBDH in serum.AchE of erythrocytes and serum LDH and alfa HBDH were determined also after three weeks of nonexposure to ozone.LDH and alfa HBDH activities decreased at the second determination; the difference between the two determinations was statistically significant (P<0.001).The results indicate that an exposure to 0.2 ppm of ozone, if prolonged in time, may affect the air-blood barrier and possibly cause alteration of some serum enzyme activities.Concentrations of ozone around 0.2 ppm should therefore be avoided in urban and industrial areas.Abbreviations AchE Acetylcholinesterase in erythrocytes - G-6-PDh Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes - PK Pyruvate kinase in erythrocytes - LDH Lactate dehydrogenase in serum - alfa HBDH alfa Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in serum     

黄磷与四氯化碳亚急性肝损害的机理

本文研究黄磷与CCl_4引起亚急性肝损害时,肝脏发生脂质过氧化的情况、部位及其与肝损害之间的关系。黄磷与CCl_4对大鼠亚急性中毒时,肝MDA 含量显著升高,Schiff 碱荧光强度明显增强;肝线粒体与微粒体MDA含量显著升高,且各自标志酶SDHase 活性与G-6-Pase 活性均显著降低;肝损害指标:肝TG 含量升高对两种毒物均敏感;而肝GSH 含量降低与血清SGPT 酶活性升高对两种毒物的敏感性有一定的差异。     

Shibi Tea (Adinandra nitida) and Camellianin A Alleviate CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in C57BL-6J Mice by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress,Inflammation, and Apoptosis

Liver injury is a significant public health issue nowadays. Shibi tea is a non-Camellia tea prepared from the dried leaves of Adinandra nitida, one of the plants with the greatest flavonoid concentration, with Camellianin A (CA) being the major flavonoid. Shibi tea is extensively used in food and medicine and has been found to provide a variety of health advantages. The benefits of Shibi tea and CA in preventing liver injury have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of extract of Shibi tea (EST) and CA in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury. Two different concentrations of EST and CA were given to model mice by gavage for 3 days. Treatment with two concentrations of EST and CA reduced the CCl₄-induced elevation of the liver index, liver histopathological injury score, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that EST and CA regulated the oxidative stress signaling pathway protein levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (p-NF-κB)/nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (NF-κB) ratio, the phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK), and the apoptosis-related protein levels of BCL2-associated X (Bax)/B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in the liver. Taken together, EST and CA can protect against CCl₄-induced liver injury by exerting antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.     

煤工尘肺患者血清白细胞介素6及其可溶性受体含量的变化

目的探讨煤工尘肺患者血清白细胞介素6(IL -6)和可溶性IL-6受体(sIL-6R)水平的变化.方法用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA法)检测148例不同期别煤工尘肺患者[无尘肺(0 )→Ⅰ→Ⅱ]及40例健康对照者血清的IL-6及sIL-6R水平.结果对照组、无尘肺(0 )组、Ⅰ期尘肺组及Ⅱ期尘肺组人群血清IL-6平均水平分别为:(7.1±6.8)、(7.9±6.8)、(12.6±11.7 )、(24.6±21.5)ng/L,统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05).但煤工尘肺患者血清sIL-6R水平与对照组的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 IL-6 介入了煤工尘肺的发生和发展过程,血清IL-6检测可能对煤工尘肺的早期诊断、疗效判断及病情监测有一定参考价值.     

Chinese Tea Alleviates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury through the NF-κBorNrf2Signaling Pathway in C57BL-6J Mice

Liver injury is a life-threatening condition that is usually caused by excessive alcohol consumption, improperdiet, and stressful lifestyle and can even progress to liver cancer. Tea is a popular beverage with proven health benefits and is known to exert a protective effect on the liver, intestines, and stomach. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of six kinds of tea on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in a mouse model. The mice were injected with 10 mL/kg 5% CCl₄ to induce liver injury and then given oral gavage of green tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, white tea, black tea, and dark tea, respectively. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, and the expression levels of inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins in the liver tissues were quantified. All six kinds of tea partly reduced the liver index, restored the size of the enlarged liver in the CCl₄ model, and decreased the serum levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the highly fermented dark tea significantly reduced the expression levels of NF-κB and the downstream inflammatory factors, whereas the unfermented green tea inhibited oxidative stress by activating the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway. Taken together, tea can protect against liver inflammation, and unfermented tea can improve antioxidant levels. Further studies are needed on the bioactive components of tea to develop drugs against liver injury.     

三硝基甲苯作业工人晶体损害与其尿中2,6-二硝基-4-氨基甲苯含量的关系

目的 探讨三硝基甲苯（TNT）作业工人晶体损害与尿2，6－二硝基－4－氨基甲苯（DNAT）含量的关系。方法 作业工人散瞳后检查眼晶体，并且测定班后尿DNAT含量。结果 当作业工人晶体出现混浊时，尿中DNAT含量明显增加（2.38mg/L),其与接触TNT尚未出现晶体混浊组（1.44mg/L)比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 晶体混浊程度随尿DNAT含量的增高呈增加的趋势。ILO提出的DNAT30mg/L生物阈限值不适合我国职业人群。     

RNA-Seq Analysis of Protection against Chronic Alcohol Liver Injury by Rosa roxburghii Fruit Juice (Cili) in Mice

Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit juice (Cili) is used as a medicinal and edible resource in China due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials. The efficacy of Cili in protecting alcohol-induced liver injury and its underlying mechanism was investigated. C57BL/6J mice received a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol to produce liver injury. After the mice were adapted gradually to 5% alcohol, Cili (4 mL and 8 mL/kg/day for 4 weeks) were gavaged for treatment. The serum enzyme activities, triglyceride levels, histopathology and Oil-red O staining were examined. The RNA-Seq and qPCR analyses were performed to determine the protection mechanisms. Cili decreased serum and liver triglyceride levels in mice receiving alcohol. Hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis were improved by Cili. The RNA-Seq analyses showed Cili brought the alcohol-induced aberrant gene pattern towards normal. The qPCR analysis verified that over-activation of CAR and PXR (Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10 and Abcc4) was attenuated by Cili. Cili alleviated overexpression of oxidative stress responsive genes (Hmox1, Gsta1, Gstm3, Nqo1, Gclc, Vldlr, and Cdkn1a), and rescued alcohol-downregulated metabolism genes (Angptl8, Slc10a2, Ces3b, Serpina12, C6, and Selenbp2). Overall, Cili was effective against chronic alcohol liver injury, and the mechanisms were associated with decreased oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through modulating nuclear receptor CAR-, PXR-and Nrf2-mediated pathways.     

白果对致敏性哮喘小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-5变化的实验观察

目的观察白果对致敏性哮喘小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-5的变化。方法将40只小鼠随机分成三组(对照组,致敏组,用药组),用卵清蛋白制成致敏性哮喘小鼠模型,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定16只致敏组小鼠和8只对照组小鼠血清中IL-4,IL-5的水平。用药组16只小鼠哮喘急性发作前腹腔内注射白果药液0·15ml,然后进行气道激发并测定血清中IL-4,IL-5的水平。结果对照组小鼠血清中IL-4,IL-5分别为:(12.965±2.450)pg/ml,(13.398±4.460)pg/ml;致敏组血清中IL-4,IL-5分别为:(16.889±4.835)pg/ml,(19.471±7.207)pg/ml,比对照组IL-4和IL-5增高(P<0.05)。用药组小鼠血清中IL-4,IL-5分别为:(13.695±4.068)pg/ml,(14.774±5.749)pg/ml,比致敏组IL-4,IL-5降低(P<0.05)。结论白果注射液对致敏性小鼠血清中IL-4,IL-5有明显下降,提示是白果是一种良好的平喘中药,可以降低过敏反应血清中IL-4,IL-5的水平,对Ⅱ型辅助性T淋巴细胞(TH2)有一定作用。