肾康口服液的质量标准研究

目的　制订肾康口服液质量标准。方法　采用薄层色谱法 (TLC)等 ,对该制剂中黄柏、墨旱莲及总生物碱等进行定性鉴别 ;高效液相色谱法 ,对制剂中君药黄柏的有效成分盐酸小檗碱进行定量分析 ,选用NovapakC18柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,加NovapakC18预柱 (2 .5cm× 4 .6mm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠 (2 0∶35∶4 5 ) ;柱温 2 4℃ ;检测波长 346nm ;流速1.0ml/min。结果　采用TLC法鉴别 ,专属性强 ,含量测定盐酸小檗碱的线性范围为 4 .0 0～ 2 0 .0 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9992 ) ,平均回收率为 10 1.32 % ,RSD =1.18% (n =5 )。结论　本文方法简便 ,准确 ,重现性好。可有效地控制该制剂的质量     

高效毛细管电泳法测定痹痛宁贴剂中东茛菪碱及乌头碱的含量

目的　建立痹痛宁贴剂中东莨菪碱、乌头碱的含量测定方法。方法　采用高效毛细管电泳法测定。以 5 0mmol·L-1pH6 .0磷酸盐缓冲液 (含 2 0 %无水乙醇 )为电泳介质 ,未涂层石英毛细管 (5 0 μm× 32cm ,有效长度 2 3.5cm)为分离通道 ,压力进样 (2kPa× 5s) ,分离电压 8kV ,检测波长 2 0 0nm ,操作温度 30℃。结果　制剂中两种生物碱能较好分离。加样回收率东莨菪碱为 98.4 % ,乌头碱为 96 .6 % ,RSD分别为 1.6 1%、1.17% (n =5 )。结论　该方法快速简便、灵敏度高 ,重现性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定戊己丸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱含量的方法。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。IntersilC18分析色谱柱 (4.6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 5 μm) ,流动相 :乙腈 - 10 %乙腈 (5 0 :5 0 ) ,流速 :1ml/min ,检测波长 :2 2 5nm。 结果　吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的理论板数分别为 2 6 81和 2 0 6 7。吴茱萸碱回归方程 :Y =0 .0 76 4 6 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 196 5X ,r=0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .2～ 5 1.0 μg·ml-1;吴茱萸次碱回归方程 :Y =- 0 .2 199+0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 36 5 8X ,r =0 .9999) ,线性范围 10 .0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml-1。吴茱萸碱平均回收率为 97.3% ,RSD 3.2 % ,吴茱萸次碱平均回收率为 10 1.4 % ,RSD 3.9%。吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱最低检出浓度分别为 0 .0 5和 0 .1μg·ml-1。结论　方法简便 ,结果准确。     

复方粉防己颗粒质量标准的研究

目的建立复方粉防己颗粒的质量标准。方法对粉防己、茵陈、葛根3味中药,采用薄层色谱法定性鉴别,用薄层扫描法对粉防己中粉防己碱进行定量分析,建立其质量标准。结果在薄层色谱中检出粉防己碱;加样回收率为100．62％,RSD=1．98％,（n=5）,线性范围为0．6～3．6μg,标准曲线Y=168014X＋10263,r=0．9994,重复性RSD=2．68％（n=5）同板精密度RSD=2．98％（n=5）。结论其定性定量方法简便、准确、专属性强,重现性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

苯麻滴鼻液含量测定方法的改进

目的　测定苯麻滴鼻液中盐酸苯海拉明及盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法　采用旋光法测定盐酸麻黄碱 ,一阶导数光谱法测定盐酸苯海拉明。后者测试条件 :波长范围 2 0 0～ 30 0nm ,狭缝 2nm ,△λ =1nm ,振幅范围 - 0 .5～ +0 .5。结果　盐酸麻黄碱平均回收率 10 0 .15 % ,RSD =0 .38% (n =3) ;盐酸苯海拉明在 5～ 75 μg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与一阶导数在 2 2 8nm波长处的半振幅值 (D)呈良好的线性关系 ,其回归方程为C =347.4 6 95D - 1.196 7,r =0 .9999,平均回收率 99.6 4 % ,RSD =0 .4 2 % (n =5 )。结论　本法准确、简便 ,可用于苯麻滴鼻液的质量控制     

高效液相色谱法测定烧伤Ⅱ号酊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定烧伤Ⅱ号酊中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法　固定相 :RP C18柱 ,流动相 :乙腈 醋酸乙酯 甲醇 0 .0 5mol·ml-1KH2 PO4溶液 (35∶10∶10∶6 5 ,加 1%三乙胺 ,磷酸调pH至 3.5 ) ,检测波长 :2 70nm。结果　盐酸小檗碱在0 .0 3～ 0 .10mg·ml-1浓度范围内 ,线性关系良好 ,r =0 .9996。日内及日间RSD分别为 1.5 5 %、2 .86 % (n =12 )和 1.78%、2 .6 5 % (n =4 ) ,加样回收率为 99.89% (RSD =1.18% )。结论　本法结果准确 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好 ,可用于烧伤Ⅱ号酊剂中盐酸小檗碱的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量

目的　建立测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱 :IntersilC18柱 (4 .6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :水 -乙腈 (6 9∶31) ,用 0 .5 %三乙胺、磷酸调pH至 3.0 ;检测波长 35 0nm ;流速 :1ml/min。 结果　盐酸小檗碱的理论板数为 5 6 0 0。回归方程Y =- 2 .4 2 5 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 114 2X ,r =0 .9998。线性范围 5 1.2 0～ 2 5 6 .0 μg·ml-1。平均回收率为 10 1.4 % (n =5 ) ,RSD为 1.2 %。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量测定     

HPLC法测定红花当归合剂中阿魏酸的含量

目的　建立一种测定红花当归合剂中阿魏酸含量的HPLC方法 ,以控制制剂质量。方法　高效液相色谱法C18分析柱 ;流动相 :甲醇 - 5 %冰乙酸 (4∶1) ;流速 :0 .8ml/min ;检测波长 :32 0nm。结果　阿魏酸在 6 .5～ 32 .0 μg·ml-1范围内有良好的线性关系。回归方程 :Y =716 87.5 2C +3710 0 .92 (r =0 .9998)平均加样回收率为 97.15 % ,RSD =0 .87% (n =5 )。低、中、高三种浓度日内日间RSD均小于 1%。结论　本方法简便、灵敏、准确、快速、重复性好。可用于本制剂的质量控制。     

薄层扫描法测定马蝎蚕胶囊中士的宁和马钱子碱的含量

目的∶建立薄层扫描法测定马蝎蚕胶囊中士的宁和马钱子含量的方法。方法∶固定相 :硅胶GF2 54 ,流动相 :丙酮-氯仿 -浓氨水 ( 3 0∶15∶1) ,参比波长 3 2 5nm ,测定波长 2 5 4nm。结果∶两成分分离良好 ,士的宁在 1～ 5 μg、马钱子碱在 0 .5～ 2 .5 μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。平均回收率士的宁为 10 1.0 % ( n =5 ) ,RSD为 3 .2 0 % ,马钱子碱为 10 1.6% (n =5 ) ,RSD为2 .72 %。结论 :本方法可用于同时测定马蝎蚕胶囊中士的宁和马钱子含量     

二阶导数光谱法测定电光灵滴眼剂中盐酸丁卡因含量

目的　测定电光灵滴眼剂中盐酸丁卡因含量。方法　采用二阶导数光谱法 :波长范围 2 0 0～ 380nm ,狭缝 2nm ,Δλ =4nm ,2 30nm与 2 5 0nm振幅值范围 - 0 .2 5～ +0 .2 5。结果　盐酸丁卡因浓度在 10～ 5 0 μg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与振幅值线性关系良好 ,回归方程为A =0 .0 0 176C +0 .0 0 2 ,相关系数r =0 .9999,平均回收率为 10 1.4 % ,RSD =0 .83%。结论　本测定方法简单 ,结果准确 ,速度快     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.