异丙嗪对针刺镇痛的影响

<正> 组胺H_1受体拮抗剂异丙嗪(Promethazine),即非那根(phenargan),是临床上常用的药物。在临床针刺麻醉中,普遍用为针麻的辅助药物,主要目的是镇静镇痛。但其确切的作用效果及其作用机制却未见研究报道。通过多年的研究,观察临     

咪唑啉受体参与痛觉调制和针刺镇痛

目的 :观察咪唑啉受体在痛觉调制和针刺镇痛中的作用。方法 :本文以辐射热照射致甩尾反射潜伏期作为测痛的指标 ,采用蛛网膜下腔注射 (ith)咪唑啉受体的激动剂和拮抗剂的方法观察咪唑啉受体对痛阈和针刺镇痛效应的影响。结果 :ith可乐宁和电针双侧“次”穴可产生明显的镇痛效应 ,均可被事先注射咪唑啉受体的拮抗剂苯恶唑 (Idazoxan)所阻断。结论 :说明激活咪唑啉受体可能是可乐宁和电针镇痛效应的共同脊髓机制 ,但是没有观察到可乐宁明显加强针刺镇痛的协同作用     

不同穴位电针治疗大鼠慢性神经源性痛的疗效比较

目的 :比较不同经穴电针治疗大鼠慢性神经源性痛的疗效。方法 :选用大鼠L5/L6 脊神经结扎慢性神经源性痛模型 ,给予不同经穴的电针治疗 ,穴位选用“夹脊”(L5)、“环跳”、“委中”、“阳陵泉”和“足三里”。采用引起缩足的机械刺激阈值 ( 50 %缩足阈值 )来评价机械性痛觉超敏 ,用大鼠 5min内在 5± 1℃冷板上的抬脚次数来反映冷诱发的持续性疼痛。分别于电针后即刻、2 4hr、48hr和 72hr检测冷诱发的持续性疼痛 ;电针后即刻、电针后 1 2hr、2 4hr和 48hr检测机械性痛觉超敏 ( 50 %缩足阈值 ) ,以观察其疗效。结果 :以上五个穴位单次电针均有较好的镇痛作用。对冷诱发的持续性疼痛的抑制均可持续至电针后 2 4hr,其中“委中”对冷诱发的持续性疼痛的抑制作用可持续至电针后 48hr;对机械性痛觉超敏的镇痛作用即刻效果较好 ,电针后 1 2hr消失。五个穴位镇痛强度之间在统计学上无显著差异。结论 :临床经验提示穴位选择是影响针刺镇痛效果的重要因素之一。在本实验条件下 ,“委中”穴电针后的镇痛作用持续时间最长 ,可以认为效果最优     

氯胺酮对针刺镇痛的影响

<正> 临床针麻手术有配合使用氯胺酮提高其效果,但也有持相反的意见。在我们以往的一些工作中主要是观察大鼠在清醒状态下的行为反应,因此一些必要的手术是在氯胺酮麻醉下完成的。由于氯胺酮的作用时间较短,动物可很快恢复,便于进行实验,但是否会影响到针刺镇痛作用的研究,这是个值得考虑的问题。有报导氯胺酮有拮抗     

Involvement of taurine in penicillin-induced epilepsy and anti-convulsion of acupuncture: a preliminary report

The potential role of taurine on epilepsy and acupuncture anti-convulsion was addressed in the present study. Epilepsy was induced by micro-injection of penicillin into hippocampus of Wistar rats. Taurine was applied by intraperitioneal (i.p.) injection. Electro-acupuncture (EA) was performed on acupoints of DU 20 "Bai Hui" and DU 16 "Feng Fu" along DU channel. Epileptic grades were evaluated by electro-encephalography (EEG) and behavior score. We featured the dose-response relationship between taurine-treated epilepsy and epilepsy-only subjects, detected the effect of exogenous taurine on epilepsy and acupuncture treatment, and investigated taurine transporter immuno-activity in hippocampus using immunohistochemistry. It was found that: 1), taurine had a significant antiepileptic effect as applied at i.p. 20 mg/kg, 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg, especially at 40mg/kg in the rat model of penicillin-induced seizure. Animals were improved by one to three Racine grades in behavior and in frequency and amplitude of EEG. 2), Exogenous taurine enhanced the anti-convulsive effect of EA. Both behavior and EEG were improved in taurine-treated rats. EA inhibited epilepsy. Exogenous taurine improved epilepsy in a synergistic manner to EA. 3), EA increased the concentration of taurine transporter in hippocampus by comparing EA-treated epilepsy with normal control and penicillin only, or EA-treated plus taurine-treated epilepsy with taurine-treated only epilepsy and penicillin only. The resulting data suggested that taurine may play an inhibitory role against epilepsy as an inhibitory amino acid in the central nervous system and EA may inhibit epilepsy via upregulating the concentration of taurine transporter to increase the release of taurine.     

电针频率是决定家兔电针镇痛效果是否能被纳洛酮阻断的重要因素

<正> 人们在临床实践中体验到,在同一穴位上运用不同的针刺手法可产生不同的治疗效果。这一现象愈来愈引起针灸原理研究工作者的兴趣。近二十年来针刺镇痛原理的研究日益深入,业已证明,电针刺激可使中枢神经系统释放阿片肽产生镇痛作用。但阿片颉颃剂纳洛酮阻断大鼠电针镇痛的程度和所需的剂量与电针频率密切相     

Study on the analgesic effect of acupuncture with opioid receptors agonist in induced arthritic rats

Our previous study demonstrated that acupuncture increased pain threshold of the body, especially in the inflammatory area. Because acupuncture can promote the release of enkephalin in the brain, it is possible that analgesic effect of acupuncture could be further strengthened by administration of fentanylan opioid receptor's agonist and droperidol-dopamine receptor's agonist at same time. In present study arthritic rats induced by freund's complete adjuvant were divided into two groups. All of them received electro-acupuncture on bilateral "Hung-Tiao" points for 15 minutes. The first group animals were also given with common dose of fenanyl 10 micrograms/kg and droperidol 0.5 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. Pain threshold increased very soon after needling and drugs given. The analgesic effect lasted as long as 180 minutes. There is a statistical significant difference between this common dose group and acupuncture control group which only kept analgesic effect 90 minutes, P less than 0.01. When only 1/5 dose of these drugs with acupuncture was applied to arthritic rats, not only the pain threshold reached to 180 + 3% (P less than 0.01), but also the analgesic effect persisted as long as 120 minutes (P less than 0.01). The results from mentioned above suggested that if a small dose of drug is no effect in usual treatment, it could still play a role and reduce the pharmacological side effect by way of combining acupuncture application.     

电针降低神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓白细胞介素-6的表达

目的:观察电针对神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓白细胞介素-6(IL-6)蛋白表达以及痛敏状态的影响,探讨电针治疗神经病理性疼痛的可能机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠24只,分为假手术组、手术组和电针治疗组。采用大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(CCI)模型,电针“委中”与“环跳”穴,观察其对大鼠机械性痛阈和热痛阈的影响,并应用免疫组化技术观察大鼠脊髓IL-6的变化。结果:假手术组大鼠脊髓IL-6免疫阳性细胞平均光密度值为0.1361±0.0113,CCI手术可以显著降低大鼠痛阈,并且大鼠手术侧脊髓IL-6免疫阳性细胞平均光密度值增加(0.5152±0.0372),而电针治疗后则明显抑制大鼠脊髓IL-6蛋白(0.3527±0.0379)的表达,并显著减轻CCI大鼠的痛敏状态。结论:电针治疗神经病理性疼痛可能与下调脊髓IL-6的表达有关。     

电针对完全弗氏佐剂性小鼠外周慢性炎症痛的缓解作用

目的：探讨针刺镇痛的作用规律及其穴位作用的特异性。方法：成年雄性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、模型加电针组和模型加假电针组,将完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）注入小鼠右后脚掌形成慢性炎症痛模型,采用辐射热缩爪潜伏期（PWL）作为痛阈指标,观察造模并给予电针治疗后PWL的变化。结果：造模后,致炎侧PWL明显缩短（P〈0．05）;电针双侧“足三里”和“昆仑”穴,能明显翻转缩短的PWL（P〈0．05）,且该效应随电针次数增加而延长,而假电针组PWL无明显变化;电针双侧“手三里”和“内关”穴不能翻转缩短的PWL（P〉0．05）。结论：电针镇痛作用随针刺次数增加而增强,并在一定程度上呈穴位特异性。     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎症局部δ阿片受体mRNA表达的影响

目的:从阿片受体角度观察电针(EA)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠产生镇痛的外周机制。方法:将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、EA组和单针组。于实验第1天在模型组、EA组大鼠右后足垫部向踝关节方向注入弗氏(Freund s)完全佐剂0.1 mL造模。以“悬钟”“昆仑”为EA穴位,刺激参数为2~4 V,20~100 Hz,每天1次,每次20 min,连续6 d。以原位杂交等为检测方法,在EA治疗后观测大鼠痛阈、炎症局部δ阿片受体(DOR)mRNA的表达。结果:①EA可明显提高炎症痛大鼠的痛阈,EA组与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),而与正常组无显著性差异(P>0.05);②EA组炎症局部DOR mRNA的表达明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:EA对AA大鼠有明显镇痛效应,且镇痛效应的产生与大鼠炎症局部的DOR mRNA表达增强有关。     

电针与预电针对糖尿病神经痛大鼠痛觉敏化及脊髓背角P2X7R表达的影响

目的:观察腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)后糖尿病大鼠出现神经痛的时间及脊髓背角嘌呤能离子通道型受体7(P2X7R)表达情况,以及电针和预电针对糖尿病神经痛(DNP)大鼠热痛阈和脊髓背角P2X7R表达的影响,探讨电针防治DNP的可能作用机制.方法:第一部分:从64只雄性SD大鼠中随机选取30只作为对照组;余下大鼠以65 m...     

腹腔注射6-羟多巴胺对电针镇痛作用的影响

<正> 以往的临床和实验研究观察到针刺效果的优劣与交感神经的功能状态以及血中5羟色胺(5-HT)的含量有密切关系。为了进一步探讨外周交感神经在针刺镇痛中的作用及其途径,我们利用腹腔内注射6羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)损毁外周交感神经纤维末梢。减弱其功能活动,观察对针刺镇痛作用的影响并同时检查了血中5-HT和5羟吲哚醋酸(5-HIAA)的含量以及胃壁APUD细胞5-HT荧光强度的变化。从中分析外周交感神经的功能状态与外周5-HT的关系。     

电针对吗啡戒断大鼠β-EP免疫调节作用的影响

本文观察电针“足三里”穴对吗啡戒断大鼠β EP免疫调节作用的影响 ,探讨针刺祛毒扶正的作用机理。结果表明 ,电针组血清和垂体内 β EP含量增加 ,IL 1、IL 2升高 ,免疫器官重量和体重比吗啡对照组明显增加 ,垂体β EP与IL 1之间呈正相关趋势。提示针刺脱毒扶正 ,改善戒断症状的作用可能与β EP对细胞因子的良性调节有关     

甲氧氯普胺加强电针镇内脏痛及其中枢机制

为进一步了解中枢DA系统与针刺镇痛的关系，寻找合理的加强针刺镇痛的药物，本文在家免内脏痛模型上观察了甲氧氯普胺对电针镇内脏病的影响。实验结果表明：甲氧氯普胺能够加强电针镇内脏病，并延长其后效应，该作用与阻断脑内DA受体有关。     

PAIN AND SENSORY DETECTION THRESHOLD CAN BE MODULATED BY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COPING STRATEGY AND ACUPUNCTURE SENSATION IN ACUPUNCTURE STIMULATION

Introduction: Although acupuncture reduces pain and is important in its effect, the role of coping strategy on acupuncture modulation of pain and sensory thresholds, and the association between acupuncture sensation and these modulatory effects, is currently unknown.Methods: Electroacupuncture(EA) was applied at acupoints ST36 and GB39 in 61 healthy adults.Two coping conditions were experimentally designed to form an active coping strategy group(AC group), who thought they could control EA stimulation intensity, and a passive coping strategy group(PC group), who did not think they had such control.However, the EA intensity was not changed.Quantitative sensory testing was performed before and after EA, and vibration(VDT), mechanical(MDT),warm(WDT), and cold(CDT) detection thresholds, and pressure(PPT), mechanical(MPT), heat(HPT) and cold(CPT) pain thresholds were measured.Autonomic measures, skin conductance response(SCR), were also acquired to quantify physiological response to EA under different coping conditions.Results: The AC group showed greater SCR to EA than the PC.Acupuncture sensation did not differ between the AC and PC groups.Increased pain/sensory threshold and acupuncture sensation were positively correlated in the AC group(VDT change vs.MI: r=0.58; CDT change vs.tingling: r=0.53; CPT change vs.tingling: r=0.55; CPT change vs.dull: r=0.55), and were negatively correlated in the PC group(CDT change vs.intensity: r=-0.52; WDT change vs.fullness: r=-0.57).Additionally, subjects in the AC group demonstrated reduced PPT following EA.Conclusion: Active coping strategy increased pain and sensory detection threshold when acupuncture sensation was high, while passive coping strategy produced an opposite association.Theassociation of descending cortical(psychological coping strategies) and ascending sensory afference(acupuncture sensation) might affect periaqueductal grey to modulate pain and sensory processing.Clinically, our findings suggest that acupuncture analgesia can be maximized by matching physical stimulation intensity with the psychological coping strategy inherent to different naturalistic subject-specific acupuncture contexts.     

电针对吗啡戒断大鼠杏仁核内N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚单位NR2B蛋白及基因表达的影响

目的:观察电针对吗啡戒断大鼠空间学习记忆的影响,通过对杏仁核脑区N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚单位NR 2B表达的检测,探讨电针改善大鼠吗啡戒断后学习记忆能力的分子生物学机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、模型组、针刺组以及电针组,每组10只。以每日20,30,40,50,50mg/kg剂量,连续5d背部皮下注射盐酸吗啡,建立吗啡依赖大鼠模型,末次注射后3h给予纳洛酮快速戒断。两个治疗组选取"足三里""肾俞"穴分别施以手针和电针,每次15min,每日1次,连续治疗6d。应用Morris水迷宫测试戒断大鼠空间学习能力,应用蛋白印记(Western blot)及实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测戒断大鼠杏仁核NR 2B蛋白与基因的表达水平。结果:模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期较空白组明显延长(P0.01),针刺及电针组则较模型组显著缩短(P0.01),电针组较针刺组缩短更明显(P0.05);模型组大鼠的杏仁核NR 2B蛋白表达较空白组显著降低(P0.01),针刺组、电针组则较模型组表达升高(P0.01),电针组高于针刺组(P0.01);模型组NR 2BmRNA表达较空白组显著降低(P0.01),电针组较模型组表达升高(P0.05)。结论:吗啡戒断后大鼠空间学习能力受损,针刺及电针可以恢复大鼠学习能力且电针组疗效优于针刺组,推测可能与其对杏仁核NR 2B表达的调节有关。     

黄连素对2型糖尿病神经病变大鼠神经传导速度的影响

目的观察不同剂量的黄连素(Ber)对2型糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、痛阈及神经传导速度(NCV)的影响。方法采用高脂高果糖饲料喂养1个月再用小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的方法建立2型DPN大鼠模型,将实验动物随机分为4组。正常对照组不予任何处理,DPN对照组予磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)1 mL/kg,低剂量组和高剂量组分别给予Ber 100 mg/kg、187.5 mg/kg灌胃,整个治疗持续8周。用血糖仪测FBG,用热板法测定大鼠痛阈,用BL-420生物功能信号采集记录系统测定NCV。结果低剂量组、高剂量组的FBG均较DPN对照组明显降低(P均<0.05),而DPN对照组大鼠FBG则维持在高血糖水平。DPN对照组大鼠痛阈值明显降低(P<0.05),而高剂量组的痛阈值较DPN对照组显著升高(P<0.01)。两剂量组均可加快NCV,高剂量组对NCV有更加显著的改善(P<0.001)。在用Ber治疗的后期能使明显消瘦的大鼠体质量回升。结论Ber可明显降低2型DPN大鼠的FBG,且大剂量Ber对2型DPN大鼠的周围神经病变有明显的改善作用。     

激活GABA_B受体在针刺镇痛中的作用

目的 :脑室注射γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)A受体的拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱 (Bic)未能阻断针刺镇痛效应 ,微电泳导入Bic部分阻断电针抑制脊髓背角伤害性反应 ,说明GABA可通过激活A受体参与针刺镇痛中脊髓节段性抑制。本文进一步探讨了激活GABAB 受体在针刺镇痛中的作用。方法 :以辐射热照射大鼠尾部引起甩尾反射潜伏期作为痛阈的指标 ,以针刺“次”穴后痛阈最大变化百分率判断镇痛效应 ,观察脑室注射 (icv) 5μL或蛛网膜下腔 (ith)注射 1 0 μLGABAB 受体的拮抗剂CGP 55845对针刺镇痛效应的影响。每组 6～ 8例。结果 :icvGABA( 1 2 5μg、2 50 μg、50 0 μg)或GABAB 受体激动剂苯氯丁氨酸 (Baclofen ,2 5ng、2 50ng、2 50 0ng)可产生剂量依赖的镇痛效应。icvCGP 55845( 5ng、50ng)可大部分阻断GABA和Baclofen的镇痛效应。针刺双侧“次”穴( 50Hz,1～ 2mA) 1 0min ,痛阈提高到针前值的 ( 1 42 .5± 2 .1 ) % ,镇痛效应显著。针前icvCGP55845针后痛阈分别提高到 ( 1 1 1 .2± 1 .2 ) %和 ( 1 1 2 .1± 1 .1 ) % ,阻断率分别为 73 .7%和 71 .6% ,和事先icv生理盐水 ( 1 43 .7± 2 .0 ) %相比 ,阻断效应明显。若针刺前ithCGP 55845( 50ng、50 0ng) ,也能明显阻断针刺镇痛效应。结论 :脑内注射GABA或Baclofen可通过激?     

切断大鼠前根对痛阈及电针镇痛效应的影响

本实验研究了前根在痛信息和针刺镇痛信息中的传入作用：（1）切断大鼠左侧L4、L5前根前，大鼠处于正常状态下，左右两侧大腿外侧部痛阈没有明显差异。（2）切断左侧L4、L5前根后第三天，切断侧痛阈较切断前和对照侧的痛阈均明显增加。（3）如果在切断后第三天给予电针刺激，切断侧针效与切断前电针刺激后的针效和对照侧电针刺激后的针效相比较，虽有升高，但无明显差异。     

针刺耳甲区对自发性高血压及正常大鼠血压的影响及其机理探讨

目的:探讨针刺耳甲区耳穴的降压作用及降压机制。方法:22只正常SD大鼠和15只自发高血压大鼠,氨基甲酸乙酯腹腔注射麻醉(1.0 g/kg),观察迷走神经完整和颈部切断迷走神经干后耳甲区电针(75~100 Hz,疏密波)和手针(约2次/s)刺激对动脉血压和心率的影响,同时记录左侧迷走神经和交感神经放电的变化。选取“内关”穴作对照。此外,在正常大鼠沿动脉插管推注1%阿托品(0.05 mg/kg)后刺激耳穴以及电刺激正常大鼠迷走神经时,记录血压和心率及神经放电指标。结果:在自发高血压大鼠和正常大鼠,电针和手针刺激耳甲区能有效降低动脉压(P<0.001),抑制心率(P<0.001),同时在个例动物观察到迷走神经放电增加而交感神经放电抑制。平补平泻手法针刺“内关”穴也有降压效果(P<0.05),但与耳甲区针刺结果相比有显著性差异(P<0.001)。正常动物的降压效果在动脉注射阿托品和迷走神经切断术后消失,而电刺激迷走神经产生类似耳针的降压和减缓心率的效果。结论:耳甲区针刺能有效降低动物的血压,这种降压作用与迷走神经结构和功能的完整性密切相关。