临床指标与气道炎症标志物对预示COPD病情的意义

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性发作与缓解期，部分临床指标（FEV1％、SRGQ、吸烟指数、血气）及气道炎症标记物（CRP、IL-6）的变化与相关性，探讨这些终点指标对证实急性发作和预测急性发作严重性的价值。方法分析COPD急性发作住院患者治疗前后圣乔治呼吸调查问卷（SGRQ）和肺功能、血气及血与痰CRP、痰IL-6、细菌谱的变化。结果急性发作期间SGRQ评分、痰量及血和／或痰CRP、IL-6增加，肺功能下降；FEV1％与SGRQ、吸烟指数、血、痰CRP及痰IL-6浓度高度负相关（P〈0．05或0．01）；而血、痰CRP及痰IL-6浓度分别与吸烟指数、每日痰量显著正相关（P〈0．05或0．01）；血CRP与痰CRP、IL-6及痰CRP与IL-6分别正相关（P〈0.01）。两组痰菌均以革兰阴性菌为主，重度组百分率显著高于中度组（P〈0．05）。结论SGRQ、吸烟指数、血CRP及痰炎症指标（CRP、IL-6）结合痰量变化可有效地证实COPD急性发作或病情演变。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者p38蛋白激酶表达的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者诱导痰中p38蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)表达的变化及其临床意义。方法选择COPD急性加重期患者29例、稳定期患者18例及健康对照者15例。3%～5%氯化钠注射液进行痰液诱导,计数诱导痰中细胞总数、细胞分类。分别采用蛋白质免疫印迹、ELISA方法检测诱导痰中细胞核蛋白p38MAPK含量和上清液中IL-8的含量。结果与健康对照者比较,COPD患者诱导痰中细胞总数、中性粒细胞比例、p38MAPK的表达和上清液IL-8浓度明显升高,FEV1%显著降低(P<0.05);各组诱导痰中细胞核蛋白p38 MAPK的表达与上清液IL-8浓度和中性粒细胞比例均呈正相关(r=0.531,0.664,P<0.01),与FEV1呈负相关(r=-0.468,P<0.05)。结论 COPD患者诱导痰中p38 MAPK表达增高,可能与COPD气道炎症发生发展密切相关。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰IL-8、TNF-α水平和炎症细胞的分布

目的比较稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）老年患者、老年健康吸烟者和老年健康非吸烟者痰液中IL-8、TNF-α水平和炎症细胞组成的差异,进而探讨IL-8、TNF-α、中性粒细胞与吸烟的相关性以及COPD气道炎症的性质。方法98例老年研究对象分为3组：COPD组38例、健康吸烟组（HS）30例、健康不吸烟组（HNS）30例,诱导痰方法收集痰液,细胞分类及计数,并用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定痰上清液中IL-8、TNF-α浓度。结果COPD组痰液中IL-8,、TNF-α、中性粒细胞百分比明显高于健康吸烟组及健康不吸烟组;COPD组痰液中IL-8、TNF-α水平与中性粒细胞百分比呈显著正相关性（r=0.761,r=0.495）;健康吸烟组痰中IL-8水平与中性粒细胞百分比亦呈显著正相关性（r=0.544）。结论IL-8和TNF-α和中性粒细胞共同参与了吸烟者COPD气道炎症反应。     

晚发型重度难治性哮喘气道炎症表型与激素疗效的临床研究

目的探讨成人晚发型重度难治性哮喘患者的气道炎症类型及对激素治疗的反应,以期阐明该型哮喘的发病机制和治疗策略。方法连续收集正常对照者(A组)、确诊的成人晚发型轻中度(B组)、重度哮喘患者(C组),分别采集哮喘患者治疗前以及激素治疗后的诱导痰液,进行炎性细胞分类计数,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测痰中IL-17、IL-8、IL-6、IL-5浓度及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶水平,并记录患者治疗前后的肺功能、哮喘控制评分等基线情况。比较三组患者间的不同以及治疗前后的差别,并采用相关分析及多元直线回归方程筛选与气道炎症和哮喘控制评分相关的指标。结果在全部146例哮喘患者中,重度哮喘所占比例将近1/3。与轻中度哮喘相比,重度哮喘患者有着较低的特应质比例、FEV1值和哮喘控制评分,但年龄及体质指数均较高。诱导痰细胞检查显示,治疗前的重度哮喘诱导痰嗜酸细胞比例低于轻中度哮喘(4.59%vs.7.74%,P0.01),而中性粒细胞比例则明显增加(63.22%vs.22.8%,P0.01)。轻中度哮喘的气道炎症类型以嗜酸性粒细胞型为主,重度哮喘则以中性粒细胞型为最多(P0.01)。与正常对照和轻中度哮喘相比,重度哮喘患者诱导痰中的炎症介质IL-17、IL-8、IL-6及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶浓度亦显著升高(P0.01)。相关分析显示,哮喘患者痰中性粒细胞比例与IL-17浓度正相关(r=0.545,P0.01)。而直线回归分析提示,哮喘控制评分与IL-17和体质指数呈负回归关系(P0.01)。激素治疗可明显降低轻中度哮喘诱导痰内嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞比例及炎症介质浓度,提高哮喘控制评分和FEV1(P0.01),而重度哮喘仅有诱导痰嗜酸细胞计数及IL-5浓度的降低,余炎性介质浓度、中性粒细胞比例及哮喘控制评分无改善(P0.05)。结论成人晚发型重度哮喘是不同于轻中度哮喘的一种特殊亚型,其气道炎症成分复杂,以中性粒细胞为主,激素治疗仅可改善以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症成分,但对中性粒细胞性炎症则无作用。对该型哮喘应探索新的治疗途径。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者痰液炎症细胞计数与分类及其意义

目的探讨炎症细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病机制中的作用。方法对受试者痰液进行炎症细胞计数与分类检查,并与肺功能指标作相关分析。结果COPD组痰液细胞总数、中性粒细胞计数(Neu)及百分比(Neu%)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(Eos)、淋巴细胞计数(Lym)明显高于健康吸烟者(HS组)和健康不吸烟者(HNS组)(P<0.01);嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(Eos%)高于HNS组(P<0.01);淋巴细胞百分比(Lym%)高于HS组(P<0.01)。HS组痰液细胞总数、Neu及Neu%、Eos及Eos%均明显高于HNS组(P<0.05~0.01)。在COPD组,痰液Neu%与一秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1占预计值%)、一秒钟用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)呈显著负相关(r’s=-0.734、-0.735,P<0.01)。结论多种炎症细胞尤其是中性粒细胞参与了COPD气道炎症反应的发生并导致气流阻塞的形成。     

沙美特罗替卡松对重度COPD患者的疗效观察

目的观察长期吸入沙美特罗替卡松对稳定期重度COPD患者肺功能、血气指标、TNF-α及生活质量等的影响。方法选取在我院治疗的78例重度COPD患者随机分为对照组39例、试验组39例。对照组口服茶碱缓释胶囊并按需使用短效支扩剂;试验组在此基础上给予沙美特罗替卡松(50/500μg)吸入治疗。对两组治疗1个月、6个月的肺功能指标、血气指标、痰液TNF-α水平及SGRQ评分改善进行统计比较。结果试验组6个月后FEV1及FEV1/FVC较对照组有明显改善;试验组呼吸困难明显改善;治疗后1个月、6个月时试验组的血气、肺功能指标及SGRQ评分结果均优于对照组,而试验组痰液TNF-α水平均低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论沙美特罗替卡松吸入治疗稳定期重度COPD,能够显著改善肺功能,明显缓解临床症状,显著提高患者生活质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺病稳定期患者生活质量与下呼吸道细菌定植及炎症反应的相关性

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)稳定期患者生活质量与下呼吸道细菌定植及炎症反应的相关性。方法选择中重度COPD稳定期患者30例。对患者进行生活质量(SGRQ)问卷调查,记录各项得分。采集患者与志愿者痰液作为样本,统一进行细菌半定量培养。对受试者进行血清分离、血常规检查、血气分析、肺功能检测,各类检查结果进行统计学分析,探讨生活质量与下呼吸道细菌定植及炎症反应的相关性。结果经显微观察其中主要的定植细菌包括肺炎链球菌、洛菲不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌、(副)流感嗜血杆菌。血清化验结果显示,含有细菌定植的患者血清,IL-8的含量高于未含有细菌定植的患者和对照组(P<0.01),FEV1%预计值和FEV1/FVC%要明显低于无细菌定植样品(P<0.05);患者SGRQ问卷调查结果,总分、症状得分、活动得分、影响分的分布情况与IL-8呈正相关,同FEV1%预计值呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 COPD稳定期患者生活质量较健康人差,且部分患者存在细菌定植。细菌定植患者的生活质量较差,炎症反应较重,三者具有明显的相关性。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者下呼吸道细菌定植及对血清TNF-α、IL-8的影响

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者下呼吸道细菌定植(LABC)与炎症反应的关系.方法 选择62例COPD稳定期患者,留取痰液标本并进行培养,检测患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素8(IL-8)水平,对患者进行肺功能测定.结果 62例患者中有18例(29.03％)患者存在LABC,存在LABC患者血清TNF α、IL-8水平高于无LABC者(P＜0.05);存在LABC者肺功能FEV1％ pred、FEV1/FVC低于无LABC者,吸烟指数≥400的比例大于无LABC者,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);LABC定量培养结果与TNF-α及IL-8水平呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 部分COPD稳定期患者存在LABC,而LABC可加重患者炎症反应,加剧肺功能的损害.     

哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征不同发作类型患者痰液中炎症因子水平和肺功能差异及其相关性分析

目的探讨哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合症(ACOS)不同发作类型患者痰液中炎症因子水平和肺功能差异及其相关性。方法根据入组前1年急性发作次数,将102例ACOS患者分为频繁发作组(>2次)49例和非频繁发作组(≤2次)53例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组患者痰液中干扰素(INF)-γ、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-13水平,同时检测其肺功能和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平并进行比较。采用Pearson相关分析评估ACOS患者肺功能指标、FeNO与痰液中炎症因子、嗜酸性粒细胞的相关性。结果频繁发作组患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV 1/FVC均低于非频繁发作组,FeNO、痰液中INF-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-13水平及嗜酸性粒细胞百分比均明显高于非频繁发作组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,ACOS患者FVC、FEV 1、FEV 1/FVC与痰液中INF-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-13水平均呈负相关,FeNO与痰液中INF-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-13水平均呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论ACOS频繁发作患者诱导痰液中炎症因子水平高于非频繁发作患者,而肺功能指标较非频繁发作患者更差。ACOS频繁发作患者肺功能较差可能与自身炎症因子水平过高有关。     

红霉素对慢性阻塞性肺病大鼠模型气道炎症的影响

目的 探讨红霉素在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)气道炎症中的治疗作用.方法 24只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、吸烟组、红霉素组,每组8只.吸烟组及红霉素组大鼠烟熏联合气管内滴入脂多糖1个月建立COPD模型.红霉素组制模型后1个月给予红霉素100 mg/kg灌胃1个月.应用大鼠肺功能仪对每组大鼠进行肺功能检测,并对大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞计数.采用ELISA 法测定血清中TNF-α、IL-8含量.结果 吸烟组与正常组比较0.3 s用力呼出气量占用力肺活量百分比(FEV0.3/FVC)、动态顺应性(Cdyn)降低,吸气阻力(Ri)、呼气阻力(Re) 升高;红霉素组与吸烟组比较FEV0.3/ FVC、Cdyn、Ri和Re 均明显改善(P<0.05).吸烟组血清TNF-α、IL-8含量与正常组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001) .红霉素组血清TNF-α、IL-8含量与吸烟组比较也有显著性差异(P<0.001) .吸烟组大鼠BALF中白细胞总数和中性粒细胞百分数均显著高于正常对照(P<0.01),红霉素组较吸烟组明显下降(P<0.05),但与正常对照组比较细胞总数增高(P<0.01)、中性粒细胞百分数增高 (P<0.05).结论 红霉素能够部分减轻气道炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制中性粒细胞聚集与活化,抑制炎症细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-8等炎性介质有关.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰中α-防御素1—3含量与病情程度的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者治疗前后诱导痰中α-防御素1-3（HNP1—3）含量、中性粒细胞比例（N％）与肺功能及血气分析结果的相关性,以探讨HNP1—3在COPD发病机制中的可能作用。方法收集AECOPD患者42例（根据肺功能检测结果分为轻度组11例、中度组13例、重度组18例）治疗前后及20例急性支气管炎痊愈者（对照组）的诱导痰,分别进行痰中性粒细胞计数并计算其百分比,用ELISA方法检测诱导痰中HNP1—3的含量;测定各观察对象治疗前后的血气分析及肺功能,分析HNP1—3含量与N％、肺功能和血气分析的相关性。结果COPD患者诱导痰中HNP1-3水平、N％、PaCO2随病情严重程度的增加而增高（P〈0．01）,并明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,FEV,％pred、FEV,／FVC、PaO2随病情严重程度的增加而降低（P〈0．01）,明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。三组患者诱导痰中HNP1—3含量分别与N％呈显著正相关（r=0．887～0．973,P值均〈0．01）,与FEV,Yoopred、FEV,／FVC、Pa02分别呈显著负相关（r=0．721～0．973,P值均〈0．01）。经治疗一周后,轻度、中度、重度患者FEV,Voopred、FEV1／FVC、PaO2明显增高,诱导痰中HNP1—3含量、N％明显降低。结论HNPl—3参与了COPD炎症的过程,此过程与中性粒细胞有关。痰中HNPl3含量可作为COPD患者病情严重程度的指标,并有助于判断预后。     

Systemic and upper and lower airway inflammation at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

RATIONALE: In addition to pulmonary involvement, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with nasal and systemic inflammation. Although exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased pulmonary and systemic inflammation, determinants of the systemic response remain obscure, and nor is it known whether there is nasal involvement. OBJECTIVES: To investigate upper airway, lower airway, and systemic inflammation at exacerbation of COPD. METHODS: We sampled sputum, nasal wash, and serum from 41 exacerbations (East London cohort) for analysis of pathogenic microorganisms and inflammatory indices (sputum/nasal wash leukocytes, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and myeloperoxidase; serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein). Values were compared with stable COPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Exacerbation of COPD is associated with greater nasal, sputum, and serum inflammation than the stable state. At exacerbation, inflammatory markers were highly correlated within nasal wash and serum (all r >/= 0.62, p < 0.001), but not sputum. The degree of upper airway inflammation correlated with the degree of lower airway inflammation (e.g., nasal wash/sputum myeloperoxidase; r = 0.50, p = 0.001). The degree of systemic inflammation correlated with the degree of lower airway inflammation (e.g., serum IL-6/sputum IL-8; r = 0.35, p = 0.026), and was greater in the presence of a sputum bacterial pathogen (29.0 g/dl C-reactive protein difference, p = 0.002). We did not find relationships between the upper airway and systemic compartments. CONCLUSIONS: Exacerbation of COPD is associated with pan-airway inflammation; the systemic inflammatory response is proportional to that occurring in the lower airway and greater in the presence of a bacterial pathogen.     

沙美特罗氟替卡松对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者诱导痰及血浆白介素32表达的影响

目的 已有研究证实白介素32(IL-32)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺组织中表达增高且与气流受限程度相关,提示IL-32可能与COPD的异常炎症反应和疾病进展有关.本研究拟观察沙美特罗氟替卡松对稳定期COPD患者IL-32表达的影响,探讨IL-32在COPD发病中的作用.方法 所有受试者共分为4组:稳定期COP...     

Granulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma; however, little is known about the inflammatory response during acute COPD exacerbation. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine if inflammatory markers associated with neutrophilic inflammation and activation increase at times of acute COPD exacerbation relative to the clinically stable state, and (2) to determine whether the presence of acute bacterial or viral infection at the time of COPD exacerbation could be correlated with increases in sputum markers of inflammation. Induced sputum was collected from patients with COPD when they were clinically stable, during the time of an acute exacerbation, and 1 mo later. Sputum was analyzed at each time point for soluble markers associated with neutrophilic inflammation; myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Serologic assays on acute and convalescent sera were performed for respiratory viruses, and induced sputum was also subject to quantitative bacterial cultures, viral cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of respiratory viruses. Fourteen of the 50 patients enrolled in the study met predetermined criteria for an acute COPD exacerbation over the 15-mo study period. TNF-alpha and IL-8 were significantly elevated in the sputum of patients during acute COPD exacerbation compared with when they were clinically stable (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). Concentrations of these cytokines declined significantly 1 mo after the exacerbation. Three of 14 patients (21%) had confirmed bacterial or viral respiratory tract infections. Patients with documented infection did not demonstrate greater increases in sputum levels of inflammatory cytokines during exacerbations compared with patients without demonstrable infection. We conclude that markers of airway neutrophilic inflammation increase at the time of acute COPD exacerbation and then decline 1 mo later, and that this acute inflammatory response appears to occur independently of a demonstrable viral or bacterial airway infection.     

Upper airway symptoms and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on quality of life from upper airway symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Sixty-five patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were studied using the 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) questionnaire, a validated disease-specific health-related quality of life tool for the assessment of rhinosinusitis. Patients also completed the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of patients experienced nasal symptoms on most days of the week, most commonly rhinorrhoea. The mean SNOT-20 score of 1.24 demonstrates that nasal symptoms cause impairment to quality of life. The SNOT-20 score correlated with the number of chronic nasal symptoms (rho = 0.51, P < 0.01): the more daily nasal symptoms experienced, the greater the impact on health status. There was no significant correlation between SNOT-20 and SGRQ (r = 0.21, P = 0.09) suggesting that both upper and lower airway symptoms contribute to the total quality of life burden. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report on upper airway involvement in well characterised COPD patients using a previously validated assessment tool. Upper airway symptoms are frequent in these patients and cause impairment to the quality of life. These effects may not be detected using currently available quality of life tools that focus on lower respiratory tract symptoms.     

Bronchiectasis, exacerbation indices, and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Relationships between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial colonization, airway inflammation, or exacerbation indices are unknown. Fifty-four patients with COPD (mean [SD]: age, 69 [7] years; FEV(1), 0.96 [0.33] L; FEV(1) [percent predicted], 38.1 [13.9]%; FEV(1)/forced vital capacity [percent predicted], 40.9 [11.8]%; arterial partial pressure of oxygen, 8.77 [1.11] kPa; history of smoking, 50.5 [33.5] smoking pack-years) underwent HRCT scans of the chest to quantify the presence and extent of bronchiectasis or emphysema. Exacerbation indices were determined from diary cards over 2 years. Quantitative sputum bacteriology and cytokine measurements were performed. Twenty-seven of 54 patients (50%) had bronchiectasis on HRCT, most frequently in the lower lobes (18 of 54, 33.3%). Patients with bronchiectasis had higher levels of airway inflammatory cytokines (p = 0.001). Lower lobe bronchiectasis was associated with lower airway bacterial colonization (p = 0.004), higher sputum interleukin-8 levels (p = 0.001), and longer symptom recovery time at exacerbation (p = 0.001). No relationship was seen between exacerbation frequency and HRCT changes. Evidence of moderate lower lobe bronchiectasis on HRCT is common in COPD and is associated with more severe COPD exacerbations, lower airway bacterial colonization, and increased sputum inflammatory markers.     

Association between cytokines in induced sputum and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cytokines are known to be increased in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, the relationship between the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in induced sputum of patients with exacerbation of COPD, and the severity of the disease, pulmonary function tests (PFT), arterial blood gases (ABG) were studied. Twenty-four patients with exacerbation of COPD were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to their PFT into two as: Group 1 (FEV1 below 50% of the predicted value, severe-very severe COPD, n=12) and, Group 2 (FEV1 above 50% of the predicted value, mild-moderate COPD, n=12). The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in induced sputum of the subjects were measured. The mean levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in induced sputum were found to be higher in Group 1 (severe-very severe COPD) than in Group 2 (mild-moderate COPD). The differences in IL-6 and IL-8 levels between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). A significant correlation was observed between the IL-6 value and FEV(1) (r=-0.435, P=0.034), FEV1/FVC (r=-0.446, P=0.029), PaO2 (r=-0.711, P=0.000), SaO2 (r=-0.444, P=0.030) and disease duration (r=0.427, P=0.037), respectively. Also, the level of IL-8 in induced sputum was inversely correlated with FEV1 (r=-0.562, P=0.004), PaO2 (r=-0.540, P=0.006) and SaO2 (r=-0.435, P=0.034). However, all three cytokines were positively correlated with the smoking load (r=0.653, P=0.001; r=0.439, P=0.032; r=0.649, P=0.001). We conclude, therefore, that in exacerbated COPD cases with greater degrees of obstruction of the airways have higher levels of cytokines in induced sputum. This can be interpreted to mean that these cytokines are related to the clinical parameters like the ABG and PFT and seem to be the determinant of the severity of the disease.     

慢性病管理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的肺功能、SGRQ评分及急性加重次数的影响

目的探讨慢性病管理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的肺功能(FEV_1、FEV_1pred%)、圣乔治呼吸问卷评分(SGRQ评分)及急性加重次数的影响。方法选取本院经肺功能检查确诊且处于临床稳定期的COPD患者256例,随机分为慢性病管理组和自然病程对照组。依照2015年GOLD进行综合评估,将患者分为A、B、C、D四个亚组,进行SGRQ评分。每三个月随访一次,患者的病情、药物应用情况均记入各自的病历档案。慢性病管理组患者进行六期COPD相关知识集中培训,和吸烟者共同制订戒烟策略,给予规范药物治疗方案,指导患者康复锻炼。自然病程对照组仅记录病情变化及药物应用情况,不加以干预。两组患者管理持续时间为一年。比较分析两组患者及A、B、C、D四个亚组患者肺功能、SGRQ评分及急性加重次数。结果两组患者慢性病管理前后肺功能、SGRQ评分无显著差异,管理组急性加重次数明显少于对照组。四个亚组患者比较分析表明A组患者肺功能、SGRQ评分较前无显著改变;管理组的B组、C组患者肺功能、SGRQ评分较前显著改善,对照组的B组、C组患者肺功能、SGRQ评分较前恶化,但变化不显著;D组患者肺功能较前均显著下降,管理组的SGRQ评分较前增加,但无显著性改变,对照组SGRQ评分较前显著增加,两组患者SGRQ评分比较差异无显著性。B组、C组患者急性加重次数管理组明显低于对照组,A组、D组患者急性加重次数管理组和对照组相比无显著差异。结论对COPD患者进行慢性病管理,未能显著改善其肺功能、SGRQ评分,但减少了急性加重次数;可以改善B组、C组患者的肺功能、SGRQ评分,减轻其症状、减少急性加重次数和提高生命质量,而对A组、D组患者无显著影响。     

Apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils in COPD exacerbation does not correlate with serum cytokines

The study investigated the relationship between apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the inflammatory response that characterises this condition. Twenty-six hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbation and 13 controls were included. Three sequential blood and sputum samples were obtained from patients at admission, after 3 days and at discharge. Blood apoptotic neutrophils were measured by flow-cytometry and light microscopy. Serum and sputum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were determined by an immunoassay technique. We found a significantly reduced percentage of apoptotic neutrophils at the onset of COPD exacerbation which increased over time (1.1+/-0.4% at admission vs. 2.4+/-0.4% at discharge, P<0.0001). Patients presented no changes in serum cytokines neither during exacerbation nor in comparison to controls. In contrast, sputum levels of cytokines were significantly increased compared to serum levels. There was no significant correlation between the apoptotic neutrophils and the cytokine concentrations in serum or sputum. None of the clinical parameters, such as smoking, microbial infection, corticosteroids or hypoxemia showed a correlation with neutrophil apoptosis. No relationship could be found between the reduced percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in blood and serum concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha or other clinical parameters in patients with COPD exacerbation.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试与深吸气量相关性研究

目的探讨COPD评估测试（CAT）应用于我国COPD患者生活质量的价值及深吸气量等肺功能指标与生命质量的关系。方法选择稳定期COPD患者62例,均进行功能检查,并进行CAT、SGRQ评分,采用Pearson直线相关分析CAT的评分与肺功能指标和SGRQ总分之间的相关性。结果 62例COPD稳定期患者的CAT评分为（20.5±7.4）分,肺功能检查结果中第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值（FEV1%pred）为（43.4±5.8）%,FEV1/FVC为（51.1±12.3）%,深吸气量占预计值%（IC%pred）为（73.2±19.4）%,SGRQ总分为（39.4±19.0）分。CAT与IC%pred、FEV1/FVC、SGRQ总分,均有相关性,CAT与FEV1%pred相关性差。结论 CAT是评价我国COPD生活质量的简易、有效、可行、标准化测量方法。CAT可与IC和FEV1联合作为临床评价COPD患者的客观指标。