肝动脉切除重建和门静脉切除重建治疗肝门部胆管癌患者效果研究

目的 探讨采取肝动脉切除重建和门静脉切除重建治疗肝门部胆管癌(HC)患者的临床效果。方法 2014年3月～2017年1月我院收治的HC患者70例,采用随机数字表法分为A组24例,采取肝动脉切除重建的HC根治术治疗、B组23例,采取门静脉切除重建的HC根治术治疗和C组23例,采用常规根治术治疗。随访32～46(36)个月,比较术后1 a、2 a和3 a生存率。结果 A组手术时间为(11.4±2.6)h,显著长于B组和C组【分别为(9.8±2.3)h和(9.2±1.2)h,P＜0.05】,术中出血量为(914.5±175.0)mL,显著多于B组和C组【分别为(791.8±182.0)mL和(728.6±157.5)mL,P＜0.05】,下床时间为(19.4±3.5)h,显著长于B组和C组【分别为(15.8±2.7)h和(15.5±2.3)h,P＜0.05】,排气时间为(23.2±11.8)h,显著长于B组和C组【分别为(18.6±11.0)h和(19.0±11.1)h,P＜0.05】,住院时间为(21.6±7.2)d,显著长于B组和C组【分别为(17.0±5.2)d和(16.2±4.4)d,P＜0.05】;三组围术期并发症发生率分别为58.3%、56.5%和60.9%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组1 a、2 a和3 a生存率分别为66.7%、41.7%和33.3%,显著低于B组的91.3%、73.9%和52.2%(P＜0.05)和C组的87.0%、69.6%和47.8%(P＜0.05)。结论 联合肝动脉切除重建的HC根治术并不比门静脉切除重建或常规根治术治疗HC患者能获得更好的中长期疗效,应慎重选择该术式治疗HC患者。     

Operative considerations in resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

This article reviews the preoperative evaluation and operative considerations in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The preoperative evaluation is based on the imaging evaluation of the longitudinal and radial extent of the tumour along and around the hepatic duct confluence. The use of portal vein embolization to increase the safety of extended hepatectomy and the extent of surgical resection (caudate lobe and portal vein) are discussed within the context of recently published series.     

Surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

A retrospective analysis of 62 patients who underwent resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma performed between 1981–1994 was undertaken. Type I lesions and patients whose operations were performed less than 24 months prior to analysis were excluded, leaving a study cohort of 48 patients (27 male: 21 female, median age 66 years, range 23–86 years). Median post-operative stay was 20 days (8–60) with peri-operative mortality of 10.4%. Histopathological grading of paraffin sections of excised tumours was made, using standard criteria, into poor, moderate, and well differentiated lesions, and the three sub-groups were separately analysed. Patients with poorly differentiated lesions (n=16) had a median survival of 7 months (range 0–24), with 1-and 2-year survival of 19% and 0%, respectively. The median survival of patients with moderately differentiated tumours (n=20) was 27 months (range 0–84), with 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival of 70%, 55%, 35%, and 22%, respectively. Those with well differentiated carcinomas (n=12) fared better, with a median survival of 62 months (range 16–120) and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival of 100%, 66%, 66%, and 58%, respectively. Differences in survival were highly significant atP<0.0001. Patients with poorly differentiated tumours would be best served by non-surgical intervention if this differentiation could be reliably made pre-operatively. Conversely, those with more favourable histological grading are potentially curable by an aggressive radical resection.     

中晚期肝门部胆管癌诊治15例

目的:探讨中晚期肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗方式选择,提高手术切除率和疗效.方法:对2001-10/2004-12收治的15例中晚期肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗方式和随访结果进行回顾性分析,其中中期7例(BismuthIIIa型4例,IIIb型3例),晚期(IV型)8例.结果:手术切除10例,非手术胆道支架内引流5例(IV型5例)随访14例(14/15,93.3%),手术切除组随访10例,中位生存期14.2mo(16d-32.3mo);非手术胆道支架内引流组随访4例,中位生存期3.8mo(1.3-7.2mo);两组中位生存期差异显著(t=2.802,P<0.05).结论:对于中晚期肝门部胆管癌,联合肝切除的姑息性肝门部胆管癌切除可显著延长患者生存期、提高生活质量,必要时辅以“架桥式”肝管空肠内引流对提高手术切除率、降低术后胆漏发生率具有重要作用.     

应用CT三维重建技术判断肝门部胆管癌可切除性价值分析*

目的 研究应用CT三维重建技术判断肝门部胆管癌可切除性的价值。方法 2016年5月～2019年5月我院收治89例肝门部胆管癌患者,于术前行常规CT和增强扫描三维重建,判断肿瘤Bismuth-Corlette分型、周围血管受累和淋巴结转移。对能手术者施行肿瘤切除手术。结果 术后组织病理学检查显示,89例肝门部胆管癌患者Bismuth-Corlette分型Ⅰ型13例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲa型11例,Ⅲb型28例,Ⅳ型24例,CT三维重建分型的准确率为93.3%;CT三维重建技术评估肝动脉和门静脉受累及淋巴结转移的Kappa值分别为0.7、0.7和0.3,灵敏度分别为87.5%、87.5%和62.5%,特异度分别为89.2%、86.0%和75.3%,准确率分别为88.8%、86.5%和73.0%,阳性预测值分别为75.0%、77.8%和35.7%,阴性预测值分别为95.1%、92.5%和90.2%;经实际手术验证,CT三维重建技术评估肝门部胆管癌可切除性的Kappa值为0.7,灵敏度为98.2%,特异度为65.6%,准确率为86.5%,阳性预测值为83.6%,阴性预测值为95.5%。结论 术前CT三维重建能准确地显示肝门部胆管癌肿瘤病灶Bismuth-Corlette分型、周围血管受累和淋巴结转移,对判断手术可切除性具有较大的指导意义。     

The role of liver transplantation in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Surgical resection or liver transplantation (LTx) are the only available treatments that offer a potential for long-term survival or cure in cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hilar resection in combination with partial hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy is regarded as the current treatment of choice. Overall 5-year survival rates range from 9% to 28%, and reach as high as 24-43% in R0 resections. Five-year survival rates in the very limited experience with LTx in hilar cholangiocarcinoma are not dramatically worse than those after resection. However, hilar cholangiocarcinoma is not at present an accepted indication for LTx given both the good results of LTx for benign diseases and the dramatic organ shortage. When compared with the prognosis of other gastrointestinal tumours, these survival rates are encouraging in the setting of an otherwise unresectable malignancy. As such, and considering the fact that it may represent the only possibility for cure, the general exclusion of patients with cholangiocarcinomas as candidates for LTx does not seem to be justified. Furthermore, recent advances in multimodal tumour therapy seem to be most promising in combination with LTx. Prospective studies are required to elucidate the influence of better patient selection and the role of multimodal treatments on the outcome of LTx in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. If the encouraging data achieved with neoadjuvant therapy prior to LTx are confirmed by further studies, we foresee that renewed interest in LTx for hilar cholangiocarcinoma could arise.     

Solitary recurrence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a mediastinal lymph node two years after curative resection

We recently encountered an unusual case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in which a solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node occurred two years after curative resection of the primary tumor. A 64-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of right hypochondrial discomfort. After imaging studies demonstrated a hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the left hepatic duct, a curative resection of the tumor was performed, consisting of a left hepatic lobectomy along with caudate lobectomy, regional lymph node dissection, and resection of the extrahepatic bile duct. No nodal metastasis was observed histologically. Two years after surgery, the patient was found to have a nodule in the posterior mediastinum, which was thoracoscopically resected. No other swollen lymph nodes, local recurrence, or distant metastasis were noted. Histologically, the nodule proved to be a metastatic lymph node, and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was initiated. The patient remained well for the four years following her first operation and had no evidence of disease recurrence 28 mo after her second operation. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

Oncological benefit of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Due to advances in endoscopic equipment and techniques, preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) has been developed to serve as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). This study sought to clarify the benefit of EBD in comparison to PTBD in patients who underwent radical resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. One hundred and forty‐one patients underwent radical surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the type of preoperative biliary drainage, PTBD (n = 67) or EBD (n = 74). We investigated if the different biliary drainage methods affected postoperative survival and mode of recurrence after median observation period of 82 months. The survival rate for patients who underwent EBD was significantly higher than those who had PTBD (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that PTBD was one of the independent factors predictive of poor survival (hazard ratio: 2.075, P = 0.003). Patients with PTBD more frequently developed peritoneal seeding in comparison to those who underwent EBD (P = 0.0003). PTBD was the only independent factor predictive of peritoneal seeding. In conclusion, EBD might confer an improved prognosis over PTBD due to prevention of peritoneal seeding, and is recommended as the initial procedure for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

肝脏CT三维重建评估肝门部胆管癌根治术临床应用研究*

目的 探讨CT三维重建评估在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月~2017年1月收治的33例肝门部胆管癌（HCCA）患者的临床资料,19例术前采用CT三维重建评估,14例术前经CT检查评估。将CT检查数据导入3D-liver三维重建软件,建立肝脏三维模型。结果 19例三维重建组患者行R0切除12例（63.2%）,14例对照组R0切除6例（42.9%,P<0.05）;术中出血量分别为（425.3±124.5）ml和（539.4±234.7）ml（P<0.05）;手术时间分别为（3.2±1.3） h和（4.1±2.5） h（P<0.05）;术后住院时间分别为（11.7±4.8）d和（13.9±5.4）d （P<0.05）;术后并发症发生率分别为10%和12%（P>0.05）。结论 CT三维重建评估HCCA肿瘤侵犯、肝血管变异和受累情况,制定恰当的肝切除手术预案,能提高肿瘤R0切除率,减少术中出血量和手术时间。     

Solitary recurrence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a mediastinai lymph node two years after curative resection

We recently encountered an unusual case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in which a solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node occurred two years after curative resection of the primary tumor. A 64-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of right hypochondrial discomfort. After imaging studies demonstrated a hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the left hepatic duct, a curative resection of the tumor was performed, consisting of a left hepatic lobectomy along with caudate lobectomy, regional lymph node dissection, and resection of the extrahepatic bile duct. No nodal metastasis was observed histologically. Two years after surgery, the patient was found to have a nodule in the posterior mediastinum, which was thoracoscopically resected. No other swollen lymph nodes, local recurrence, or distant metastasis were noted. Histologically, the nodule proved to be a metastatic lymph node, and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was initiated. The patient remained well for the four years following her first operation and had no evidence of disease recurrence 28 mo after her second operation. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of solitary recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.