吃主食护大肠

英国剑桥大学最近在一项研究中,分析了10多个国家的人的饮食习惯和癌症之间的关系,结果发现,食用淀粉类食物越多,小肠、结肠和直肠癌的发病率越低.比如,以肉类食物为主食的澳大利亚人,结肠癌发病率是以淀粉类食物为主食的中国人的4倍.     

凉菜拌出夏日风情

不知不觉又进入了夏季,南方的潮湿,北方的燥热,常常使人食欲不振,精神委靡,尤其是对于康复期的病友来说,怎一个"热"字了得.夏季的饮食调养,应选择清凉爽口、少油腻、易消化的食物.这时从配角一跃成为主角的凉菜就闪亮登场了,不论生拌、热炝,每道菜都做足了开胃功夫,它们少油,少盐,对我们的健康大有裨益;省时省力,让我们减轻在厨房的劳动强度.只要掌握烹饪技巧,制作起来还是很简单的.     

过敏体质,怎么吃?

什么是过敏呢?过敏反应又称作变态反应,是患者身体对一种或多种物质的过强反应.其主要机制是由于过敏性素质患者的体内产生了过多的过敏抗体——免疫球蛋白E,它和环境中的过敏原相互作用,刺激机体产生和释放某些过敏介质,导致不同组织的损伤,继而产生各种症状.     

文艺汇演群星璀璨

2006年1月8日,中国抗癌协会癌症康复会在"北京展览馆剧场"圆满成功地举办了"阿斯利康首届全国癌症康复者文艺汇演--生命恋歌".这次文艺汇演有26个省、市上报节目50多个,经筹备组认真筛选,选出正式参加演出的节目16个,特邀节目3个,出演的癌症患者近300人.     

钻石之光--山药

"每个人都能在自家的后院找到钻石",有人借用此言,把山药比做养生的钻石. 山药是一种薯科植物,它的根茎垂直而颀长,往往盈尺,生长在坚硬的山冈的土质中,旋转攀缘.阳光下,山药的叶子很美,颜色从浓到浅,绿得缤纷,但被我们称之为钻石的是它营养丰富的块状根茎.山药的外观看上去粗糙,细小密布的根须如刺如须,但削了皮,却洁白得如水生荸荠,分泌一些透明的黏液,柔滑得抓它不住,仿佛泥鳅从手中挣脱.     

苦参碱对HepG2细胞杀伤作用及机制研究

Objective:To investigate the death mode of human hepatoma cells exposed to matrine and the role of glutathione (GSH) and cytochrome c.Methods:The MTT test and Cell Death Detection ELISA were used to identify cell death mode and viability of cells exposed to matrine.The volume of intracellular GSH was detected by GSH reductase.Finally Western blotting was chosen to analyze the expression of cytochrome c and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells treated by matrine.Results:The apoptotic cell death induced by matrine in Hep G2 cells dramatically increased in the time-,dose-dependent manner.Matrine can exhaust intracellular GSH effectively to change the redox state in cells.Furthermore it affect the cytotoxicity of matrine.Results of Western blotting showed that matrine induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm,and then stimulate the cleavage of Cespese-9 in a time-dependent manner.Conclusion:Matrine induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway,and oxidative stress via depletion of GSH is directly involved in the apoptotic process.     

Benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically lymph node-positive and locally advanced gastric cancer

Objective This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT)and adjuvant chemotherapy(ChT)for T3–4/N+gastric cancer(GC)following D2/R0 dissection,and identify the specific subgroups that could benefit from adjuvant CRT.Methods All eligible patients were divided into the CRT group and ChT group.We assessed the survival outcomes and patterns of recurrence for each group,and determined the prognostic factors for survival by performing Cox proportional risk regression analyses.Results A total of 192 gastric cancer patients were included in the study.The estimated 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)probabilities in the CRT and ChT groups were 52.9%vs.36.7%(P=0.024)and 41.2%vs.31.1%(P=0.148),respectively,and the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS)probabilities were 82.4%vs.70.0%(P=0.044)and 52.0%vs.35.6%(P=0.022).Patients in the CRT group had a lower risk of locoregional recurrence than those in the ChT group(20.6%vs.34.4%;P=0.031).The subset analyses revealed that patients with stage N1–2 disease were more likely to benefit from adjuvant CRT than from adjuvant ChT(DFS:53.1%vs.36.4%;P=0.039;OS:53.1%vs.38.6%;P=0.036).Conclusion For locally advanced gastric cancer patients with LN+,adjuvant CRT showed superior survival benefits compared with adjuvant ChT alone.Patients with N1–2 achieved better survival from adjuvant CRT.     

肺癌放疗新技术

肺癌是危害人类生命的最主要的癌肿,是名副其实的"癌王",特别是在发达国家更是如此.简单地说美国男性死于恶性肿瘤患者中约每3人中有1例是肺癌,女性中每4人中有1人是肺癌.中国随着城市化进度的加快和吸烟人群的增多,肺癌患者会越来越多.笔者在美国最著名的癌症医院--德州安德森肿瘤中心做客座教授期间接触了来自世界各地的放疗科医生,他们都在努力研究如何延长肺癌患者的生存期,提高生存质量.下面介绍一下这方面的最新技术.     

熏烤煎炸不安全

据说人类发现用火是由于森林起火烧焦了动物而引起的,从那时起,便尝到了烧烤味道的鲜美.时至今日,熏烤煎炸食品气味香,味道美,仍不免会令人垂涎三尺,颇受嘴馋的人或一些儿童、少女青睐,从而造就许多中国人有喜食这类食品的习惯.这类食品如在聚餐酒桌上品尝助兴,少量吃点在所难免,如果大量贪食则可能会对健康不利.化学家在研究癌症病因时,发现一种很强的致癌物质苯并芘,它属于多环芳烃类化合物,与熏烤煎炸食物有关,并引起人们的关注.     

DNA依赖蛋白激酶在鼻咽癌病变中的表达及意义

[目的]研究DNA依赖蛋白激酶(DNA-PKcs)在鼻咽部正常黏膜、鼻咽炎、鼻咽非典型增生及鼻咽癌中的表达,并探讨DNA-PKcs表达与鼻咽癌临床病理参数间的关系.[方法]应用免疫组化EnVision法检测10例鼻咽部正常黏膜、10例鼻咽炎、21例鼻咽非典型增生和53例鼻咽癌组织中DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达水平,并结合临床病理特征进行分析.[结果]DNA-PKcs蛋白在正常鼻咽黏膜及鼻咽炎组织中呈低表达,在鼻咽非典型增生及鼻咽癌组织中呈高表达,阳性表达率分别为0、20.00％、71.42％和64.15％;其表达与鼻咽癌组织分化类型相关(P=0.023),与性别、年龄、临床分期及淋巴结转移无明显相关性(P均＞0.05).[结论]DNA-PKcs在鼻咽癌病变过程中可能发挥一定的作用.     

DNA-PKcs在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:DNA双链断裂(DNA double-strand break,DSB)是射线杀灭肿瘤细胞的主要机制,而同源重组(homologous recombination,HR)和非同源性末端连接(DNA nonhomologous end-joining,NHEJ)是DSB的两条重要修复途径.DNA-PK催化亚单位(catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase,DNAPKcs)是NHEJ途径的主要修复蛋白之一,在DSB中发挥着重要作用.本研究旨在通过检测鼻咽癌组织中DNA-PKcs的表达情况,探讨其与鼻咽癌临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测223例鼻咽癌患者组织中DNA.PKcs的表达,并结合患者的临床及预后资料进行分析.结果:223例鼻咽癌患者中,DNA.PKcs的过表达率为36.8%.卡方检验显示,DNA.PKcs表达强弱与患者的性别、年龄、病理分型及N分期的相关性均无统计学意义(P>0.05),与TNM分期、T分期、M分期均有关(P<0.05).单因素生存分析显示,DNA-PKes过表达患者5年总生存率低于低表达患者(54.6%vs.79.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Cox回归模型分析显示T、N、M分期及DNA-PKcs表达水平是影响鼻咽癌患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05).结论:DNA-PKcs在大部分鼻咽癌组织中均有表达,DNA-PKcs的表达水平与鼻咽癌患者预后相关,对患者的预后判断有一定的指导意义.     

DNA-PKcs在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床相关性研究

目的:研究DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达与鼻咽癌各临床指标的相关性,探寻DNA-PKcs的表达与鼻咽癌放射敏感性的关系。方法:应用免疫组化法测定65例鼻咽低分化鳞癌DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达。结果:DNA-PKcs的表达在原发灶退缩情况、性别、患病年龄、原发灶大小、淋巴结转移等观察指标中其差异未见有统计学意义;II期 III期病例,与IVa期病例相比较,DNA-PKcs表达的差异有统计学意义(P=0.027);癌组织与癌旁正常组织DNA-PKcs的表达差异未见有统计学意义。结论:鼻咽癌组织中DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达与放疗后原发灶退缩情况无关,提示与鼻咽癌放射敏感性无确切相关性;该蛋白的表达与临床分期有一定关系;鼻咽癌癌组织与癌旁正常组织DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达具有一致性。     

组织芯片应用于原发性鼻咽癌中p53表达的高通量分析

目的 :通过对不同临床分期鼻咽癌(NPC)中 p5 3蛋白表达的进一步研究 ,探讨高通量组织微阵列技术 (high throughputtis suemicroarray)应用于大规模临床标本高效筛查的可行性。方法 :用组织阵列仪 (tissuearrayer)制备连续系列分区排列的组织芯片 ,然后用 p5 3单抗免疫组织化学法检测一张组织芯片上 3 2 0例各类型的鼻咽活检组织标本中 p5 3蛋白表达 ,并分析 p5 3表达在不同鼻咽组织的分布状况及其与临床分期的相关性。结果 :在正常鼻咽黏膜组织、癌旁组织及癌组织中 p5 3蛋白的检出率分别为 0 ( 0 / 2 9)、16 7% ( 4 / 2 4)及 61 4% ( 164 /2 67) ,NPC组织中 p5 3蛋白表达率明显高于其他鼻咽非癌组织 ,P <0 0 0 1,其中癌旁 4例全为弱阳性 ,癌组织中 164例中弱阳性为112例 ,占 41 9% ( 112 / 2 67) ,而强阳性为 5 2例 ,占 19 5 % ( 5 2 / 2 67) ;p5 3表达与鼻咽癌的临床分期无显著相关性 ,P =0 0 78,而p5 3过表达 (强阳性 )却与鼻咽癌的临床中晚期密切相关 ,P =0 0 0 71。结论 :鼻咽癌中 p5 3蛋白的高频核积累提示p5 3蛋白功能的抑制在鼻咽癌的发生发展中起重要作用 ;应用组织芯片 (tissuechip)大规模高效筛查临床组织标本是可行性的 ,具有快速、方便、经济的特点     

Expressions of Ku70 and DNA-PKcs as prognostic indicators of local control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the expressions of the two components of DNA-dependent protein kinase, Ku70 and DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), influence the response to radiotherapy (RT) and outcome of treatment of nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients who received definitive RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-six patients with NPC who were treated with radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy between June 1995 and December 2001 were divided into groups based on the levels of immunoreactivity for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs in pretreatment biopsy specimens. The overexpression of Ku70 or DNA-PKcs groups included patients whose biopsy specimens showed at least 50% immunopositive tumor cells; patients in which less than 50% of the tumor cells in the biopsy tissues were immunopositive were placed in the low Ku70 and DNA-PKcs groups. The immunoreactivities for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs were retrospectively compared with the sensitivity of the tumor to radiation and the patterns of therapy failure. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors that influenced locoregional control of NPC. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional control rate was significantly higher in the low Ku70 group (Ku-) (85%) than in the high Ku70 group (Ku+) (42%) (p = 0.0042). However, there were no differences in the metastases-free survival rates between the 2 groups (Ku70+, 82%; Ku70- 78%; p = 0.8672). Univariate analysis indicated that the overexpression of Ku70 surpassed other well-known predictive clinicopathologic parameters as an independent prognostic factor for locoregional control. Eighteen of 22 patients who had locoregional recurrences of the tumor displayed an overexpression of Ku70. No significant association was found between the level of DNA-PKcs expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the level of Ku70 expression can be used as a molecular marker to predict the response to RT and the locoregional control after RT and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with nondisseminated NPC.     

鼻咽癌及癌前病变组织中p16蛋白表达的研究

目的观察p16蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的表达状态,探讨其与鼻咽癌的发生、发展关系。方法应用S-P免疫组化法检测p16蛋白在50例鼻咽癌、20例鼻咽粘膜慢性炎组织中的表达。结果鼻咽癌p16蛋白表达率为24.0%,显著低于鼻咽粘膜慢性炎组(P<0.01)。角化性鳞癌p16蛋白的表达率明显高于分化型非角化性癌和未分化癌(P<0.05)。20例淋巴结转移阳性组中p16蛋白表达率显著低于14例阴性组(P<0.05)。结论p16蛋白的缺失可能涉及鼻咽癌的发生、发展过程,且与鼻咽癌的转移、组织学分型有关。     

WNT8B as an Independent Prognostic Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Background: Members of the Wnt signaling pathway have been shown to play a role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate WNT8B protein expression in NPC patients using tissue microarray (TMA) analysis and to evaluate its correlation with patient survival and clinical parameters. Methods: A total of 82 NPC cases, together with six normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples, were targeted to construct the TMA blocks. The WNT8B protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and its correlation to the clinicopathological features was investigated. Results: Sixty-two of 82 (75.6%) cases exhibited high WNT8B protein expression while 20/82 (24.4%) cases appeared to have low WNT8B expression. The univariate analysis revealed that systemic metastasis was associated with patient 5-year survival. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that WNT8B expression and systemic metastasis were significantly associated with the survival of NPC patients. Furthermore, there was no correlation found between the WNT8B protein expression and other clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the expression of WNT8B is associated with NPC patients’ survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for NPC patients.     

Gli1在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨神经胶质瘤相关癌基因1(Gli1)在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法:免疫组化方法检测89例鼻咽癌组织及21例正常鼻咽组织中Gli1的表达情况,分析Gli1的表达与与鼻咽癌患者临床病理参数及预后之间的关系.结果:Gli1在鼻咽癌组织的表达水平显著高于正常鼻咽组织(P＜0.01),且Gli1的表达水平与鼻咽癌的T分期、淋巴结转移程度及临床分期显著相关(P＜0.05).此外,Gli1蛋白表达越高,患者的生存时间也明显缩短.结论:Gli1在鼻咽癌组织中呈过表达,可能在鼻咽癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,Gli1有可能成为鼻咽癌治疗的新靶点之一.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶与β-链接素在鼻咽癌中的表达及其意义

背景与目的：关于诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）与β-链接素（β-catenin,β-cat）在鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）中的表达及其与NPC发生、发展、浸润和转移的相关性至今未见报道。本研究拟通过观察iNOS与β-cat在NPC中的表达情况,探讨两者的表达及其联合表达在NPC发生、发展、侵袭和转移过程中的相关性。方法：采用免疫组织化学染色法,观察50例NPC石蜡标本和15例正常鼻咽黏膜标体中iNOS、β-cat的蛋白表达情况。结果：正常鼻咽组织中,iNOS均无表达,而β-cat呈膜表达,胞质无表达;NPC中,iNOS阳性表达定位于细胞质,阳性率为74.0%（37/50）,所有切片中β-cat均可见胞质表达增强而胞膜表达减弱或缺失,与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义。两者的表达在不同临床分期及有无淋巴结转移之间差异有统计学意义。在不同年龄及性别之间差异无统计学意义。两者的胞质表达强度呈正相关（r=0.394,P=0.005）。结论：iNOS和β-cat在胞质内的高表达均与NPC的发生、发展、浸润和转移相关：两者呈正相关,两者的协同作用可能促进NPC的发生、发展、浸润和转移。     

鼻咽癌组织中热休克蛋白70表达与EB病毒感染的关系

目的:探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达与EB病毒潜在膜蛋白蛳1(LMP蛳1)的关系。方法:采用原位杂交和免疫组化技术对41例鼻咽癌(NPC)和24例癌旁组织进行检测。结果:NPC组织中HSP70阳性率为82.9 %(34/41),高于癌旁组织中HSP70的阳性率(54.2 %,P<0.05)。NPC组织中LMP蛳1阳性率为90.2 %(37/41)。37例LMP蛳1阳性的NPC中有33例(89.2 %)HSP70表达阳性,高于LMP蛳1阴性的NPC(25.0 %,P<0.01)。结论:HSP70的高表达可能涉及NPC的发生发展过程,LMP蛳1可以诱导NPC及癌旁组织HSP70的过表达。