二硫化碳毒性视网膜功能损害与脂质过氧化反应关系的实验研究

为探讨二硫化碳毒性视网膜功能损害与脂质过氧化反应的关系，进行兔眼ERG生化检测。结果染毒3周后，染毒兔ERGb波振幅明显低于对照组，视网膜超氧化物歧化酶总活力（TSOD）较对照组降低，而MDA活性增高。ERGb波振幅与TSOD呈正相关而与MDA呈负相关。结论CS2毒性视网膜功能损害可能与脂质过氧化反应有关。     

二硫化碳毒性视网膜损害的病理改变与脂质过氧化反应关 …

目的 探讨ＣＳ２毒性视网膜损害的病理学改变与脂质过氧化反应的关系。方法 对２０只家兔实验性二硫化碳中毒所致的视网膜损害作视网膜组织的光镜，电镜观察和脂质过氧化反应的生化检测。结果 视网膜超微结构：染毒兔视细胞变性，毛细血管内皮细胞囊样变。视网膜生化检测；８染毒兔视网膜丙二醛活性增高，超氧化歧化酶总活力降低。     

二硫化碳毒性视网膜功能损害与脂质过氧化反应关系的实 …

为探讨二硫化碳毒性视网膜功能损害与脂质过氧化反应的关系，进行兔眼ＥＲＧ生化检测。结果 染毒３周后，染毒兔ＥＲＧ ｂ波振幅明显低于对照且，视网膜超氧化物歧化酶总活力（ＴＳＯＤ）较对照组降低，而ＭＤＡ活性增高。ＥＲＧ ｂ波振幅与ＴＳＯＤ呈正相关而与ＭＤＡ呈负相关，结论ＣＳ２毒性视网膜功能损害可能与脂质过氧化反应有关。     

兔视网膜脱离眼后段谷氨酸含量的动态变化

目的 观察兔视网膜脱离状态下玻璃体、视网膜内谷氨酸含是及其动态变化。方法 建立视网膜脱离模型，应用高效液相反相柱前衍生法分别对正常眼及视网膜脱离后3，7，14，28天的兔玻璃体及视网膜内谷氨酸含量进行动态检测。结果 视网膜脱离后玻璃体内谷氨酸含量各时间点明显增高，与正常对照组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；视网膜内谷氨酸含量3天，7天明显升高，与对照组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05），以后逐渐减少。结论 玻璃体、视网膜内谷氨酸含量的动态检测有助于视网膜脱离后视网膜结构与功能损害机制的探索。     

玻璃体切除术对兔眼视网膜电图和超微结构的影响

对19只兔眼行玻璃体切除术，动态观察了术后28天内ERGb波的变化和28天时视网膜结构的变化。结果玻璃体切除后1、4天ERGb波明显降低（P＜0．01），第7天较1.4天回升（P＜0．05），14～28天与术前无显著差异（P＞0．05）。28天时光镜及电镜检查视网膜无明显结构损害。此结果为判断玻璃体手术后疗效、评价玻璃体手术后应用药物对视网膜的毒性作用提供了实验依据。     

应用ERG技术评估玻璃体注射CsA对视网膜功能的影响

目的 应用视网膜电图（ERG）测试技术评估环孢霉素A（CsA)微球玻璃体注射后对视网膜功能的影响。方法 用含有750μg的CsA可降解微球5mg分别注入10只有色兔的右眼作为实验眼，每只兔的左眼注入同等剂量的空白微球作为对照眼。于注射前及注射后的第1、2、4、6周分别对每只兔的左右眼进行暗适应闪光ERG记录。实验后摘除眼球光镜下组织学观察视网膜结构改变。结果 暗适应ERG最大反应b波平均振幅在玻璃体注射后的第1－2周明显下降（P＜0．05，P＜0．05），下降的最大峰值在第1周，4－6周恢复至实验前水平。实验眼与对照眼的b波比率均值在注射后第1－2周明显下降（P＜0．05，＜0．05），第4－6周恢复正常。a波振幅及a、b波潜伏值实验前后比较或与对照眼比较无明显差异。光镜下视网膜各层结构在玻璃体注射后无明显变化。结论 含750μg CsA的5mg可降解微球经玻璃体注射后对视网膜内层功能可产生可逆的影响，ERG可作为检测CsA对视网膜功能影响的可靠指标。     

次声作用后大鼠视网膜组织中GFAP与VEGF的表达

目的：研究8Hz(110dB)次声作用对大鼠视网膜组织中GFAP和VEGF的蛋白表达变化情况。方法：把大鼠置于8Hz(110dB)的次声压力舱中，每天暴露2h,于0，1，7，14，21天后，以免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中的GFAP，VEGF的蛋白表达，结果：次声作用7天后大鼠视网膜组织中的GFAP和VEGF的表达显著增强（P＜0．05），14，21天后此2种蛋白的表达非常显著增强（P＜0．01），结论：8Hz(110dB)次声作用条件下可造成视网膜组织的一定影响，引起视网膜组织中胶质细胞，血管内皮细胞的增生，程度与作用时间呈正相关。     

持续性低眼压对视功能损伤机制实验研究

目的探讨眼外伤后或手术后持续性低眼压对视功能损伤的机制。方法健康青紫兰兔48只，随机分为6组，实验组动物双眼均接受CO2激光外路巩膜切除术，化学比色法测定视网膜匀浆中一氧化氮（NO）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量和Na^＋．K^＋．ATP酶的活性，进行统计学分析。结果各实验组动物视网膜NO、MDA含量随低眼压时间的延长而持续上升，Na^＋．K^＋．ATP酶活性持续下降，7、10、14、21天组与正常组相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。NO含量与MDA含量呈显著正相关（r=0．812，P〈0．01），与Na^＋．K^＋．ATP酶活性呈显著负相关（r=-0．857，P〈0．01），MDA含量与Na^＋．K^＋．ATP酶活性呈显著负相关（r=-0．835，P〈0．01）。结论脂质过氧化作用及自由基反应是造成持续性低眼压时视网膜结构及功能损伤的重要原因。     

膳食诱导的肥胖型 C57 BL／6小鼠视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的机制

目的：探讨高脂饮食诱导的C57 BL/6肥胖小鼠视网膜神经节细胞（ RGCs）凋亡的机制。 方法：高脂饲料喂养19 wk后,小鼠分为肥胖抵抗（ DIO-R）组和肥胖倾向（ DIO）组,同时对照组（ CON）小鼠给予基础饲料。 TUNEL法检测各组小鼠RGCs的凋亡情况,并应用激光共聚焦显微镜检测RGCs内钙离子的浓度。 结果：TUNEL法凋亡检测结果显示,DIO组小鼠视网膜神经节细胞层可见较多黄色着染的凋亡细胞,其凋亡指数为（6．7±1．2）％,显著高于对照组和DIO-R组（P＜0．01, P＜0．05）;对照组和DIO-R组间比较无显著差异（ P＞0.05）。激光共聚焦结果显示,与对照组和DIO-R组比较,DIO组小鼠视网膜神经节细胞内Ca2＋荧光染色明显增强,其荧光染色强度比值显著升高（均P＜0．01）;对照组和DIO-R组视网膜神经节细胞内Ca2＋荧光染色强度无明显差异（P＞0．05）。 结论：细胞内钙离子超载可能介导了肥胖型C57 BL/6小鼠视网膜神经节细胞的凋亡过程。     

氟桂嗪对视网膜缺血损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：观察钙离子通道阻滞剂氟桂嗪（flunarizine）在视网膜缺血损伤中的保护作用。方法：用TBA法测定兔眼视网膜缺血再灌注不同时期脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）含量变化，比较实验组、氟桂嗪治疗组的差异。结果：实验组、治疗组在缺血再灌注30，60，90min时与正常对照组相比MDA含量均有显著增加（P＜0.01）；氟桂嗪治疗组MDA含量在缺血再灌注30，60，90min3个时间段均明显低于实验组（P＜0.01）。结论:细胞内Ca^2 超载参与了视网膜组织缺血损伤的病理生理过程。氟桂嗪对急性视网膜缺血损伤具有保护作用。     

An experimental study on damage of retina function due to toxicity of carbon disulfide and lipid peroxidation.

PURPOSE: To study the relation between the changes in the electroretinogram and the lipid peroxidation of the retina during the period of retinal damage due to carbon disulfide (CS2). METHODS: To examine the amplitude and latency of a, b waves of the electroretinogram (ERG) and to assay the activities of total superoxide dismutases (TSOD), (EC no. 1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (EC no.1.11.1.9) and malondialdehyed (MDA) in the retina of animals with experimental CS2 toxic retinopathy. RESULTS: The b wave amplitude (161+/-51 microv) of the animals exposed to CS2 for 3 weeks was significantly lower than that of the controls (310+/-93 microv) (p<0.05). TSOD (30+/-5 Nu/mg)in the retinal tissues exposed was lower than that (38+/-8 Nu/mg) (p<0.05) in the controls and MDA (7+/-2 nmol/mg) in the exposed was higher than that (4+/-1 nmol/mg) (p<0.05) in the controls at a concentration of CS2 1000 mg/m3. Analyzed with the correlation coefficient, there was a significant positive correlation between the amplitude changes of ERG b wave and TSOD (p<0.001) and a remarkable negative correlation between the amplitude changes of ERG b wave and MDA (p<0.05) in the animals' exposed retinal tissues. CONCLUSION: The present studies indicated that the damaged function of early CS2 toxic retinopathy was possibly associated with lipid peroxidation.     

氧自由基在实验性角膜炎中的作用

目的探讨氧自由基在角膜炎症过程中的作用。方法将新西兰白兔用脂多糖介导建立动物角膜炎模型,分别用化学发光法和硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定角膜组织超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒ－ｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）活力和丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）水平的变化,观察其临床和病理变化。结果炎症组角膜ＳＯＤ活力明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）,ＭＤＡ水平高于对照组（Ｐ＝０．００１）,炎症组角膜ＭＤＡ水平的升高发生于ＳＯＤ活力下降之后。角膜炎症状的轻重程度与角膜ＳＯＤ的活力呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４,Ｐ＜０．００１）,与角膜ＭＤＡ水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７３４,Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论氧自由基在角膜炎症过程中起着重要作用,并可能通过生物膜中多聚不饱和脂肪酸产生脂质过氧化而损害角膜。     

The effect of vitamin E on stress-induced changes in visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in rats exposed to different experimental stress models

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on stress-induced changes in visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and lipid peroxidation. METHODS: Eight experimental groups of 10 rats per group were formed. These consisted of the control group (C); the group treated with vitamin E (E); groups exposed to cold stress (CS), immobilization stress (IS) and both cold and immobilization stress (CIS), and groups exposed to equivalent stresses and treated with vitamin E (CSE, ISE, CISE). Vitamin E was injected intramuscularly in a dose of 30 mg/kg/day. RESULTS: Following chronic stress (15 days), plasma corticosterone concentrations in all experimental groups were significantly increased over those in C group. Vitamin E significantly decreased corticosterone levels in all stress groups compared with their respective control groups. Brain nitrite levels were significantly more elevated in all stress groups than in the C group. Vitamin E reduced retina and brain nitrite levels in all stress and E groups compared with their respective control groups. Vitamin E decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in retina and brain tissues in the CSE group, but increased it in the ISE group compared with their respective control groups. Lipid peroxidation was increased in brain and retina tissues in all stress groups as indicated by the significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels with respect to the C group. Vitamin E produced a significant decrease in brain and retina TBARS levels in all stress groups with respect to their corresponding control groups. The mean latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components were significantly prolonged in all stress groups compared with the C group. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E returned the VEP latencies in the stress groups to control values. Our findings clearly indicated that vitamin E has the potential to prevent VEP changes caused by stress.     

超声乳化术中超声波对兔视网膜脂质过氧化的近期影响

目的探讨超声乳化术中超声波对兔视网膜的近期影响。方法选取普通家兔30只(60眼),随机分为A,B,C3组,每组10只兔(10眼),且使每只兔保持1眼属实验组,另1眼属对照组。实验组行超声乳化术,对照组行晶状体囊外摘除术,各组分别在术毕、术后6,24h剥离视网膜。测定视网膜中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)活性、脂质过氧化物(lipidperoxide,LPO)的含量。结果与对照组比较实验组GSH-Px活性在各时点均低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组SOD活性低于对照组,术毕2组间的差别有显著性(P<0.05),术后6,24h差别无显著性(P>0.05);实验组LPO含量在各时点均高于对照组(P<0.01)。超声波单一因素对GSH-Px活性的影响在3个不同时点差别无统计学意义(F=2.33,P=0.1170);对SOD活性的影响在不同时点不全相等(F=3.92,P=0.0321);对LPO含量的影响在不同时点不全相等(F=9.10,P=0.001)。结论从脂质过氧化的角度,超声乳化术中超声波对兔视网膜可造成一定程度的损伤,在术后24h没有完全恢复。     

Region and age-dependent variation in susceptibility of the human retina to lipid peroxidation.

Trephined buttons from the posterior central (including the macula) and four peripheral regions of human retina were subjected to in vitro lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe+2. There was an age-related increase in peroxidation in the retinal tissue from the posterior region (P = 0.0019), but not in tissues from any of the four peripheral retinal quadrants (collective P = 0.24). These results suggest that the posterior region of the human retina is susceptible to lipid peroxidation and that age is a factor.     

妊娠高血压伴眼底病变对比敏感度观察

目的观察妊娠高血压疾病伴发眼底病变患者的对比敏感度（CS）恢复情况。方法前瞻性队列研究。对98例妊娠高血压疾病患者（患者组）进行矫正视力、眼底、CS检查,随诊6个月,观察矫正视力、CS变化情况。选取同期在产科门诊就诊的50例无妊娠高血压孕妇作为正常对照组。2组的矫正视力和患者组的2种分娩方式下各空间频率CS比较采用两独立样本t检验进行分析。3个期别眼底病变各空间频率CS和随诊各时间段各空间频率的CS比较采用Kruskal-Wallis 秩和检验,多组间两两比较采用Satterthwaite近似检验。结果首诊时及随访6个月后患者组矫正视力均比正常对照组差（t=13.67、2.27,P＜0.05）。随着眼底病情的加重各空间频率CS值均下降（χ²=93.35、88.28、89.73、102.48、102.26,P＜0.01）。随诊6个月,患者组各空间频率CS逐渐接近正常,至随访结束,除了空间频率6 c/d接近正常对照组（P＞0.05）外,其他各空间频率仍较正常对照组有所降低（t=2.74、-5.42、-8.67、-4.60,P＜0.01）。随诊过程中,空间频率1.5 c/d的CS恢复最快,12 c/d恢复得最慢。患者组2种分娩方式下的各空间频率CS比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论妊娠高血压疾病患者眼底病情越重,CS下降越严重;低空间频率恢复最快,高空间频率恢复最慢;2种分娩方式对于患者CS的恢复没有影响。CS较视力检查可更好地反映妊娠高血压患者视网膜功能的情况。     

Acceleration of age-related changes in the retina in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null mice fed a Vitamin E-deficient diet

PURPOSE: To assess the role of vitamin E (VE) in age-related changes in the retinal tissues by using a mouse model of severe VE deficiency. METHODS: Pups of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null (a-TTP(-)(/)(-)) mice were fed a VE-deficient diet for 4 or 18 months (VE (-) group). Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a 0.002% alpha-tocopherol-supplemented diet (VE (+) group). In various ocular tissues, the VE levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography; the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC); and the hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) levels, which are biomarkers for lipid peroxidation, by GC-mass spectrometry. The retinal structure was assessed by light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The alpha-tocopherol level in the retinas obtained from 4-month-old VE (-) animals was 71-fold lower than that in the retinas obtained from the VE (+) group. In addition, gamma-tocopherol was not detected; thus, the VE (-) group demonstrated a more severe VE deficiency than ever reported. In this group, the concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (0.3- to 0.9-fold), whereas that of other classes of fatty acids was unchanged or increased. At 18 months of age, the number of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) nuclei was observed to be 17% lower in the VE (-) than in the VE (+) group (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed larger amounts of matrix between the ONL nuclei indicating the Müller cell hypertrophy, greatly expanded rod outer segment discs, and a larger number of inclusion bodies in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE; P < 0.05) in the VE (-) group. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the autofluorescence signal was increased in the RPE layer in this group. When the observations of the 18-month-old animals were compared to those of the 4-month-old animals, the hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) levels were found to be increased in the retina and RPE obtained from both the VE (-) and VE (+) groups; however, the age-related increases were more remarkable in the VE (-) group (2.6- to 43.5-fold) than in the VE (+) group (0.8- to 8.7-fold). CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of a-TTP(-)(/)(-) mice and a VE-deficient diet leads to a severe deficiency of VE, enhances lipid peroxidation in the retina, and accelerates degenerative damage of the retina with age.     

準分子激光兔角膜原位磨鑲術后視網膜酶組織化學和組織學研究

目的觀察兔眼準分子激光原位角膜磨鑲術(Laserin situ kratomileusis,Lasik)后視網膜糖代謝有關酶的活性及組織學變化.方法 36只兔接受不同深度的Lasik手術角膜切削,分别于手術后不同時間處死,制成冰凍切片和石蠟切片,觀察視網膜琥珀酸脱氫酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氫酶(LDH)、還原型輔酶Ⅰ(NADH)活性變化及組織學改變.結果不同切削量各手術組與對照組比較,術后不同時間各手術組比較,視網膜三種酶活性均無顯著性差异(p＞0.05).視網膜組織學觀察亦無明顯區别.結論臨床Lasik手術切削兔角膜后,視網膜SDH、LDH、NADH活性無明顯改變,組織學結構正常.     

Short term apoptotic activity of intravitreal bevacizumab on rabbit retina

AIM: To evaluate the safety and the short term apoptotic activity of intravitreal bevacizumab in rabbit eyes by histopathological analysis.METHODS:Twenty-eight eyes of 14 rabbits were divided into three groups:8 rabbits in group 1 and 3 rabbits in each of group 2 and group 3. Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05mL) was applied to the right eyes of each subject in group 1 and group 2 (11 eyes) and the same volume of saline was applied to the left eyes of each subject in group 1 and group 3 (11 eyes). The left eyes in group 2 and the right eyes in group 3 were left untreated and used as control. Enucleated eyes were used for histopathologic analyses.RESULTS:After immunohistochemical staining with caspase-3 and p53, there was no histological evidence of toxicity to the retina and the optic nerve in any of the sections that were analyzed in all three groups. In addition, vascular endothelial cells located at the retina and the optic nerve tissues in all groups showed a similar staining pattern with caspase-3 and p53.CONCLUSION:Our study showed that intravitreal bevacizumab with the dose of 1.25mg/0.05mL caused no histological signs of toxicity or apoptotic activity on the rabbit retina.