同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2在鼠牙发育中的表达

目的 观察和比较同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2 mRNA在牙齿硬组织形成过程中的表达特点,以探讨二者在该病过程中的作用与关系。方法 采用逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）技术,检测Msx-1,Msx-2mRNA在1、3、7和14d龄的昆明小鼠磨牙牙胚中的表达。结果 Msx-1,Msx-2在牙胚硬组织形成主要阶段均有表达,并随细胞分化、基质分泌和矿化的进展呈现规律性互补表达方式。Msx-1 mRNA在1d龄小鼠牙胚中已有微弱表达,经3、7d表达量逐渐增加,14d龄时表达最强,主要表达于基质分泌和矿化阶段;而Msx-2 mRNA在1d鼠牙胚中表达极弱,3d龄时表达最强,经7、14d表达逐渐减弱,主要表达于细胞分化和基质分泌阶段;二者在硬组织形成过程中存在表达量上的规律性互补现象。结论 同源异型盒基因Msx-1,Msx-2在小鼠牙胚硬组织形成过程中均发挥作用;并且其表达量随细胞分化、基质分泌和钙化过程的进展所呈现的规律性互补变化,提示它们之间可能存在功能冗余,即在该过程中二者之间的功能可以相互补充。     

Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育中的表达

目的探讨Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙胚胎发育过程中的组织学分布。方法制作ICR小鼠下颌第一磨牙不同发育阶段的冰冻组织切片,对小鼠下颌第一磨牙自牙胚发育起始期至出生后2天不同发育阶段组织的Notch1分布情况进行免疫组织化学染色。结果 Notch1在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育起始期和蕾状期牙板上皮上方或其包绕的口腔上皮中表达,在牙板上皮中没有表达。自帽状期至钟状期,Notch1在牙胚的中间层表达,而在内釉上皮中无表达。至牙釉质和牙本质分泌期,Notch1仍在颈环部位的中间层表达。此外,Notch1还在牙胚发育不同时期的间充质、牙乳头和早期牙髓中表达。结论 Notch1可能在小鼠下颌第一磨牙发育过程中的牙上皮特别是内釉上皮的细胞分化,以及牙囊和牙乳头细胞分化及分化完成后的牙髓干细胞的稳定性方面有重要作用。     

Shh在鼠磨牙牙胚发育晚期的基因表达

目的：观察信号分子Sonic hedgehog(Shh)在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育晚期的基因表达，探讨其在成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞分化中的作用。方法：制备昆明小鼠磨牙牙胚发育晚期(E16．5—P1．5)标本，用原位杂交法分析Shh mRNA在牙胚中的表达和分布。结果：Shh mRNA在牙胚发育晚期的前成釉细胞和中间层细胞呈阳性表达，在成牙本质细胞层表达较弱。结论：在牙胚发育晚期，Shh可能通过自分泌途径和旁分泌途径，参与了成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞分化。     

透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的表达

目的:检测透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的表达,探讨其在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的作用。方法:取不同胎龄的ICR胎鼠,制备小鼠下颌第一磨牙不同发育时期切片,用免疫组织化学实验方法检测透明质酸在下颌第一磨牙牙胚组织中的表达情况。结果:透明质酸在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚的不同发育阶段表达各异。在小鼠磨牙开始发生时,透明质酸即在增厚的牙板上皮中表达,随后在蕾状期牙蕾中央的上皮细胞间可见透明质酸的表达,而在深层的牙源性间充质表达则不明显。自帽状期至钟状晚期,透明质酸在牙胚星网状层细胞间以及牙源性间充质细胞的表达逐渐增强,而在基底膜、内外釉上皮细胞、成釉细胞以及成牙本质细胞所在区域不表达。结论:透明质酸在牙胚发育过程中呈现时间-空间特异性表达。特别是其在星网状层细胞以及牙乳头间充质细胞中的表达随着牙胚的发育逐渐增强提示其可能与牙胚的形态发生密切相关。     

小鼠牙胚发育帽状期Msx2、BMP—4基因的表达和意义

目的：探讨Msx2、BMP-4基因在小鼠牙胚发育帽状期的表达及其与牙胚形态发育的关系。方法：利用原位杂交的方法观察小鼠牙胚帽状期Msx2、BMP-4基因的表达方式;利用原位末端标记法（TUNEL法）研究牙胚细胞凋亡情况。结果：Msx2、BMP-4基因在牙胚的发育吸 表达。帽状期牙胚细胞的凋亡主要集中于釉结处。结论：Msx2、BMP-4参与了牙胚的发育。     

同源盒基因Msx2在小鼠磨牙牙根发育早期的表达

目的:观察在小鼠的牙根发育早期同源盒基因Msx2的表达,以探讨其在此过程中所起的作用.方法:出生后第6天和第8天的小鼠,取含有下颌第一磨牙的下颌骨,进行固定和脱钙,制备5 μm的石蜡切片,原位杂交方法检测Msx2在小鼠牙根发育早期的表达.结果:第6天Msx2阳性信号出现在Hertwig's上皮根鞘细胞、上皮根鞘周围的牙乳头细胞和早期的成牙本质细胞中;第8天在Hertwig's上皮根鞘细胞、上皮根鞘周围的牙乳头细胞和成牙本质细胞中Msx2有阳性信号,而在成牙骨质细胞中无表达.结论:Msx2参与调控牙根早期发育的生理过程.     

组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD3在小鼠牙发育中的表达

目的 研究组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD3在牙发育过程中的表达.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法观察小鼠胚胎E14~18天及出生后P1~P3磨牙牙胚中组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD3的表达.结果 JMJD3表达于细胞核内,包括上皮性细胞和间充质细胞.在小鼠磨牙牙胚发育的蕾状期(E14)和帽状期(E16),JMJD3在牙蕾上皮,成釉器内釉细胞、外釉细胞、星网状细胞中弱表达.在小鼠磨牙牙胚发育的钟状期(E18),JMJD3在成釉器的外釉细胞层,内釉细胞层,中间层、星网状层及邻近间充质细胞内呈强阳性表达.在小鼠磨牙牙胚发育钟状晚期(P3), JMJD3在成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞及邻近间充质细胞呈强阳性表达.结论 JMJD3在小鼠牙发育过程中呈时空特异性表达,提示JMJD3参与小鼠磨牙的发育.     

Fibulin-7在小鼠下颌第一磨牙发育过程中的时空表达

目的：观察Fibulin-7蛋白在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育过程中的时空表达特点。方法：取胚胎15.5 d、出生后第1天、第7天的C57BL/6J小鼠下颌骨标本,应用免疫组织化学方法检测Fibulin-7在下颌第一磨牙牙胚不同发育时期的表达情况。结果：Fibulin-7蛋白在小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚自钟状期末期至牙胚发育成熟过程中表达量逐渐增加。结论：Fibulin-7蛋白在牙胚发育的不同阶段均有表达,推测Fibulin-7参与了牙间充质细胞分化为成牙本质细胞、牙髓-牙本质复合体的形成过程。     

Shh、Ptch1及Ptch2基因在小鼠磨牙发育过程中的表达

目的通过原位杂交的方法研究Sonic Hedgehog（Shh）、Patched1（Ptch1）及Patched2（Ptch2）在小鼠下颌磨牙发育过程中的表达，以探讨该信号通路在牙胚发育中的作用。方法制备小鼠下颌第一磨牙发育各期标本，原位杂交检测Shh、Ptch1及Ptch2的表达部位及强度。结果Shh在帽状期表达于釉结，钟状早期表达于内釉上皮，钟状晚期表达于成釉细胞；Ptch1在帽状期表达于牙囊、外釉上皮及星网状层，钟状早期表达于牙囊、外釉上皮及牙乳头，钟状晚期表达于成牙本质细胞及牙乳头；Ptch2在帽状期表达于釉结，钟状早期表达于内釉上皮，钟状晚期无表达。结论Shh信号系统在牙胚发育各期有各自的表达特点，提示可能在牙胚形态的调控，成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞分化的诱导中起重要作用。     

核心结合因子a1在小鼠牙齿发育过程中的表达

目的：观察Cbfal蛋白在小鼠牙胚发育过程中的表达情况。方法：用自制的Cbfal多克隆抗体，采用免疫组化染色观察其时空表达特性。结果：Cbfal蛋白在帽状期牙胚中表达较广泛，在钟状早、中期牙胚表达于内釉细胞、成釉细胞以及紧靠成牙本质细胞层的牙乳头细胞，而在钟状晚期，Cbfal在牙乳头表达为阴性，成牙本质细胞层弱阳性，成釉细胞为阳性或强阳性。结论：Cbfal可能在小鼠牙胚发育，尤其是在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞分化过程中具有重要作用。     

EGF does not induce Msx-1 and Msx-2 in dental mesenchyme

Previous heterospecific tissue recombinations indicate that mandibular epithelium exerts the first known inductive signal for odontogenesis in mouse embryos. BMP-4 and EGF are two growth factors implicated as signaling molecules mediating the initial inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during odontogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of these growth factors and mouse mandibular epithelium on expression of Msx-1 and Msx-2 genes in molar-forming mesenchyme. Agarose beads soaked in growth factors or pieces of mouse mandibular epithelium (E11) were placed in contact with E11 molar-forming mesenchyme and cultured for 24 h. Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis revealed that, in contrast to mouse mandibular epithelium and BMP-4-releasing beads, EGF-releasing beads did not induce the expression of Msx-1 and Msx-2 in E11 molar-forming mesenchyme. These observations suggest that whereas BMP-4 may be involved in activation of Msx-1 and Msx-2 in the underlying mesenchyme, EGF may regulate events involved in the formation of dental lamina.     

Shh及其受体Ptc1、Ptc2在鼠帽状期磨牙的基因表达

目的 观察信号分子Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)及其受体Ptcl、Ptc2在小鼠下颌第一磨牙帽状期的基因表达，以探讨Shh信号路径在牙胚形态发育早期的作用。方法 制备昆明小鼠磨牙形态发育早期标本(E10．5～E15．5)，常规HE染色观察组织形态。免疫组化SP法对增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA)进行定位研究。原位杂交法分析Shh、Ptcl、Ptc2 mRNA在牙胚中的表达与分布。结果 E14．5，内、外釉上皮，星网状层及牙乳头细胞PCNA阳性，大部分釉结细胞PCNA阴性，少量釉结细胞PCNA阳性。Shh、Ptcl、Ptc2 mRNA在内、外釉上皮、星网状层及釉结中均有表达。结论 在帽状期，信号分子Shh可能经自分泌或旁分泌途径作用于釉结以外的上皮和间充质，促进其增殖。     

Myelin basic protein is temporospatially expressed in developing rat molars

Tooth development occurs through a complex and intricate set of gene-expression cascades. Although its early events have been examined extensively, there are fewer reports on the late events, such as dental hard-tissue formation. This study searched for genes involved in the late stages of tooth development. Differential display-polymerase chain reaction revealed myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA to be expressed differentially in the second molar root stage germs compared with the third molar cap/early bell stage germs. The MBP expressed during hard tissue formation was confirmed to be a 21.5 kDa molecule by Western blotting. Immunoreactivity of MBP in the third molar (cap/early bell stage) germs was barely detectable in the dental papilla and inner enamel epithelia, whereas strong reactivity was noted in the differentiating and differentiated ameloblasts and odontoblasts in a temporospatial pattern. However, after complete formation of the full-thickness enamel, no reactivity was observed in the maturation-stage and protection stage ameloblasts. Myelin basic protein immunoreactive nerve fibers were also observed near the developing molar germs. This is the first report showing the presence of MBP in dental hard tissue cells, and its functional implications should be studied further.     

ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育中的时空表达

目的:研究ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育中的时空分布。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析技术观察ADAM28在小鼠牙胚发育各期的表达分布及差异。结果:ADAM28在牙胚发育各时期均有不同程度的表达。帽状期开始即在口腔上皮及成釉器星网层细胞、基底膜、牙乳头细胞和牙囊细胞表达强阳性,到钟状晚期,成釉细胞、釉基质、上皮根鞘和牙乳头细胞阳性表达;至冠根硬组织发育期,成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞、上皮根鞘、成牙骨质细胞、牙乳头细胞、牙囊细胞阳性表达。结论:ADAM28作为上皮和间充质间重要的信号分子,参与了从蕾状期到钟状晚期、从基质分泌到硬组织形成的牙冠、牙根形态发生过程,它可能在牙源性间充质细胞的早期形成、增殖与分化启动中发挥重要作用。     

In situ localization of tenascin mRNA in developing mouse teeth

Tenascin is a large extracellular-matrix glycoprotein found in developing connective tissue. A cDNA probe to mouse tenascin, mTN2, was used to determine the cellular origins of this molecule in the murine tooth germ by in situ hybridization. At embryonic day 19, a hybridization signal significantly greater than background was detected with mTN2 in the subodontoblastic layer of the dental mesenchyme and in the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. At postnatal day 1, a signal was detected over pre-odontoblasts and the strata intermedium and externum. No tenascin mRNA was detected in odontoblasts or the stellate reticulum at either age, and hybridization in ameloblasts was not significantly greater than background at postnatal day 1. Thus, much of the tenascin found throughout developing teeth appears to be synthesized by pre-odontoblasts and the inner enamel epithelium, the two populations of cells destined to generate mineralized matrix.     

Expression patterns of the Fam83h gene during murine tooth development

Aim

Recently a novel gene, FAM83H, was identified by a genetic linkage study in the hypocalcified form of the amelogenesis imperfecta family with an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern. Little is known about this novel gene, and so we investigated the expression pattern of Fam83h in murine tooth development using serial sectional in situ hybridisation.

Methods and Materials

Using mandibles of ICR mouse at specific developmental stages, in situ hybridisation was performed by DIG-labeled RNA probe.

Results

Faint expression was detected in limited cells at embryonic day 14 (E14) in the molar. At the bell stage, E16, Fam83h was localised in the outer and inner enamel epithelium, as well as dental papilla. Fam83h expression begins on E15 in the developing incisor. At E18, Fam83h was expressed in the inner enamel epithelium of the apical bud, ameloblasts and odontoblasts. The expression was stronger in the presecretory stages than the secretory stages.

Conclusion

Fam83h was detected in the ameloblasts from the presecretory to the secretory stage, and also the odontoblasts layer and surrounding alveolar bone.