不同瓷表面处理方式对烤瓷-光固化树脂粘接作用的对比研究

目的：比较几种不同瓷表面处理方法对烤瓷－光固化复合树脂粘接强度的影响。评价硅烷偶联剂对粘接强度的影响。方法：烤瓷试件分为四组，分别以8％HF，陶瓷酸蚀剂，1．23％APF凝胶，Nd:YAG激光器作瓷表面处理，每组一半应用偶联剂，一半不用偶联剂，与光固化复合树脂粘接后，经冷热水温差循环试验后测定剪切粘接强度。结果：以上四种手段单独应用时，8％HP睡陶瓷酸蚀剂组高于1．23％APF凝胶和激光组。应用硅烷联剂后每组的剪切粘接强度均有显著提高，但四组之间无显著差异。结论：经瓷表面经硅烷偶联剂处理后有利于提高瓷与树脂间的粘接强度。在适当条件下，1．23％APF的Nd:YAG激光可以代替HF进行瓷表面的处理。     

Er：YAG激光照射对牙釉质与VITA MarkⅡ瓷块间粘结强度的影响

目的：用Er：YAG激光照射和酸蚀剂分别处理牙釉质表面,观察其表面的形态学变化,评价Er：YAG激光照射和酸蚀剂处理对牙釉质与VITA MarkⅡ瓷块间粘结强度的影响。方法：收集因正畸拔除的无龋坏、无隐裂的完整人类前磨牙40颗,在牙体的近远中面制备出3mm×3mm的牙釉质面样本,共40个。将所有样本随机分为4组,每组10个样本按以下分组进行表面处理：①Er：YAG激光组（60mJ,2Hz）;②酸蚀纽（35％磷酸）;③Er：YAG激光＋酸蚀组;④酸蚀＋Er：YAG激光组。每组随机抽取2个样本通过扫描电子显微镜观察其表面形态,其余8个样本通过3M ESPE RelyX Unicem光固化树脂粘结剂与VITA MarkII瓷块粘结,经粘结强度测试检测牙釉质与VITA MarkII瓷块间的粘结强度,用SPSSl7．0统计软件进行分析,采用单因素方差分析将各组数据两两比较,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。结果：酸蚀＋Er：YAG激光组与其他各组比较,粘结强度值显示最高值,差异显著（P〈0．05）;Er：YAG激光＋酸蚀组粘结强度值呈最低值,差异显著（P〈0．05）;酸蚀组和Er：YAG激光组粘结强度值居中,二者之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：酸蚀联合Er：YAG激光照射能够增强牙釉质与VITA MarkII瓷块问的粘结强度,是牙体组织粘结前有效的轰面处理方式．     

不同表面处理方式在复合树脂再修复技术中的对比研究

目的:探讨酸蚀-冲洗、一步法、两步法自酸蚀粘结以及硅烷偶联剂结合以上三种粘结技术对3MZ350老化复合树脂再修复粘结强度的影响,为临床应用提供参考。方法:制作50个树脂条样本,抽取7个为空白对照组不做任何处理,剩余随机分成六个实验组,并进行表面粘结处理,(N=6,n=7)。对完成的试件进行微拉伸检测,并做统计学分析。扫描电镜观察实验组试件表面处理后的粘结面形态。结果:实验组中,硅烷偶联剂+二步法自酸蚀的粘结强度最大(58.73±0.12)MPa,酸蚀-冲洗的粘结强度最小(45.22±0.45)MPa。实验组与对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硅烷偶联剂联合二步法自酸蚀的粘结强度最大,有利于临床老化复合树脂再修复技术的利用。     

暂时性粘固剂对自酸蚀体系剪切强度影响的实验研究

目的：研究含丁香油和不含丁香油暂时粘固剂对自酸蚀粘结系统粘结效果的影响。方法：选取新鲜拔除、无龋坏的牛中切牙16颗，随机分为2组。流水冲洗下磨除牙釉质，暴露牙本质，依次用200、400、600、800号水砂纸打磨牙本质粘结表面。环氧树脂包埋后将含丁香油和不含丁香油暂时粘固剂均匀涂抹于试件的牙本质表面，所有的试件均存储于37℃蒸馏水中。1周后，机械去除试件表面的暂时粘固剂，用流水反复冲洗。试件形成标准粘结面在半干燥下将预制圆孔的双面胶带纸粘于粘结面上，采用自酸蚀粘结系统固定内径4mm、高2mm的铜环。加压充填树脂，分层固化。制备好的试件在37℃蒸馏水中放置24h后，在SHIMADZU材料试验机上测试剪切粘结强度，加载速度为0．5mm／min。对结果数据作统计分析，剪切后的试件行扫描电镜观察。结果：数据经one-way ANOVA统计分析，可知两种暂时粘固剂对自酸蚀粘结系统的剪切强度测试，其结果无统计学差异（P〉0．01）。SEM观察分析，证实两种暂时粘固剂在试件表面均存在残留。结论：临床常用的含丁香油和不含丁香油暂时粘固剂对自酸蚀粘结系统的剪切强度测试，其结果无统计学差异（P〉0．01），两种暂时粘固剂对自酸蚀粘结系统与牙本质的粘结效果无不利的影响。     

不同表面处理方法对金属托槽与不同瓷修复体粘结强度影响的研究

目的：研究不同的表面处理方法对金属托槽与不同瓷面粘结强度的影响,为临床托槽粘结前选择合适的陶瓷表面处理方法提供参考依据。方法：选择3种不同的陶瓷材料为研究样本并制作成试件,每种样本按所用的表面处理方法不同分为喷砂、酸蚀、喷砂＋酸蚀处理3个组。使用光固化正畸粘结剂将3种陶瓷试件与金属托槽粘结,在万能材料试验机上剪切、测量后再比较其与金属托槽的抗剪粘结强度。结果：对同一种材料与托槽的粘结强度来说,酸蚀组的粘结强度相对于喷砂＋酸蚀组与喷砂组都要最低（P〉0．05）;而喷砂＋酸蚀组与喷砂组间的粘结强度无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。对于同一种表面处理方法来说,3种材料与托槽的粘结强度无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。3种材料与3种处理方法间无交互作用（P〉0．05）。结论：陶瓷修复体所用材料的不同,不对其与金属托槽的粘结强度造成影响。为了提高陶瓷修复体与金属托槽的粘结强度,相对于酸蚀方法,喷砂处理是一种优选的表面处理方法,而喷砂后的酸蚀处理则是没有必要的。     

酸蚀及偶联剂的使用对瓷与树脂剪切粘结强度的影响

目的：评价不同蚀刻处理时间及偶联剂对瓷-树脂粘结强度的影响。方法：烤瓷试件用酸蚀剂分别处理0－210秒，然后一半使用偶联剂，另一半不使用偶联列，与树脂粘结后测试剪切粘结强度。结果：单纯蚀刻可提高瓷与树脂的粘结强度，若与偶联剂联合使用粘结强度可显著提高，但蚀刻后使用偶联剂，蚀刻时间对粘结强度无明显影响。结论：蚀刻处理是提高瓷与树脂粘结强度的重要方法，偶联剂的使用有利于提高粘结强度，并可在短时间内获得理想的粘结强度。     

微弧氧化表面处理提高钛与瓷聚合体粘结强度的研究

目的研究用微弧氧化表面处理提高钛与瓷聚合体粘结强度的可行性,并对结合机理进行初步探讨.方法制作Φ10mm×3mm的纯钛铸件24个,SiC水砂纸打磨,60#氧化铝喷砂后分为3组,其中两组在不同电解液中进行微弧氧化表面处理,喷砂组为对照.表面堆塑Artglass瓷聚合体,制备粘结试件,进行剪切粘结强度测试,结果进行统计学分析.结果微弧氧化处理后在钛试件表面得到粗糙、多孔的TiO2陶瓷膜,并使钛-树脂剪切粘结强度得到显著提高,与喷砂对照组间有显著差异.结论微弧氧化表面处理后获得的多孔TiO2陶瓷膜有助于提高钛与瓷聚合体间的粘结强度.     

瓷表面处理方式对瓷修复体缺损美容修复影响的研究

目的：研究不同瓷表面粗化处理对Vita VMK95瓷粘结强度的影响。方法：瓷片按表面粗化方式分为6组，每组分别与树脂粘结，测剪切强度，统计分析所得数据。结果：喷砂后氢氟酸处理组粘结强度最高，喷砂后磷酸酸蚀组与不喷砂氢氟酸蚀组次之，单纯偶联剂处理组最低。结论：综合临床安全性考虑，喷砂后用磷酸处理是瓷修复体缺损后较好的瓷表面处理方法。     

自酸蚀封闭剂与玻璃离子联合用于托槽粘结的临床观察

目的：评价自酸蚀粘结剂与树脂加强型玻璃离子联合用于正畸托槽粘结的临床使用效果。方法：随机选择50名患者，采用自身对照的方法进行为期12个月的临床观察。385个托槽用自酸蚀封闭剂（3MESEP）和光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀（FUJI ORTHO LC）粘结，390个托槽用京津釉质粘结剂粘结。观察托槽脱落的时间和脱落后粘结剂在牙面上的残留量，计算托槽脱落率和粘结材料残留指教。结果：光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀和自酸蚀封闭剂粘结的托槽脱落率为10．1％；京津釉质粘结剂粘结的托槽脱落率为9．0％，两者差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两种材料粘结的托槽脱落后，牙釉质上的粘结材料残留指教差异无显著统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：自酸蚀封闭剂和树脂加强型玻璃离子所构成的粘结技术粘结正畸托槽的粘结强度，可以满足正畸治疗的需要，在临床上有广阔的应用前景。     

牙齿表面不同状态对自酸蚀体系剪切强度影响的实验研究

目的：研究牙釉质、牙本质表面不同状态对自酸蚀体系剪切强度的影响。方法：选择新鲜拔除无龋坏、无缺损的牛切牙，低速金刚砂片切取厚约2．Omm，面积大小3．5～4．0mm的牙釉质、牙本质片各32个，依次以200目、400目、600目砂纸打磨，按如下处理：①在湿润条件（人工唾液）下；②在半干燥（棉球沾干表面）下；③干燥条件（气枪吹干）下，采用自酸蚀粘结系统固定内径为4mm，高为2mm的铜环。加压充填树脂，分层固化，同时以全酸蚀粘结系统作对照组。所得的试件分别分为4组：即刻测试组（自酸蚀和全酸蚀）和24h后测试组（自酸蚀和全酸蚀），每组8试件。即刻测试：将粘结处理完成后的试件直接放置在万能试验机上测试其剪切强度，剪切头速度为0．5mm／min。24h后测试：将粘结处理完成后的试件放置在人工唾液中24h，在万能试验机上测试其剪切强度，剪切头速度为0．5mm／min。结果：经统计分析，可知3种不同状态在自酸蚀粘结系统下即刻和24h测试组比较组内及组间均存在显著差异（P〈0．01），与对照组比较，自酸蚀即刻测试组存在显著差异（P〈0．01），自酸蚀24h测试组的剪切强度值存在显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论：①牙釉质、牙本质表面在半干燥条件下的即刻和24h测试组的剪切强度值最大，与其他两组存在显著差异（P〈0．01）；②3种条件下的24h测试组的剪切强度值较即刻测试组的剪切强度值大，存在显著差异（P〈0．01）；③与全酸蚀为对照组的比较，即刻组的剪切强度值均小于对照组的剪切强度值，存在显著差异（P〈0．01），24h测试组的剪切强度值大于对照组的剪切强度值，存在显著差异（P〈0．01）。     

Sealant bond strengths of CO(2) laser-etched versus acid-etched bovine enamel

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sealant shear bond strength on bovine enamel with standard acid etching compared with CO(2) laser etching. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine enamel was prepared either by acid or laser etching and divided into four experimental groups, either acid or laser-etched teeth with or without a primer. A gelatin capsule was used to place the sealant on the prepared enamel surface and the bond tested in shear. Also surface roughness was evaluated by using a surface analyzer and an atomic force microscope. RESULTS: Shear bond strength results were the following: acid etch = 8.8 +/- 3.8 MPa, acid etch with primer = 10.3 +/- 5.5 MPa, laser etch = 4.0 +/- 1.1 MPa, and laser etch with primer = 6.2 +/- 2.3 MPa. Analysis of variance statistical analysis found no significant difference in bond strength between the acid-etched groups. However, the laser-etched groups had significantly lower bond strengths from the acid-etched teeth. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the laser-etched groups, where the use of the primer helped to increase the bond strength of the sealants. The surface roughness was significantly greater on the laser-etched teeth at the microm level (by using a surface analyzer) from the acid-etched and the control specimens. No difference in roughness (by using an atomic force microscope) was observed at the nanometer level between the laser and acid-etched teeth. CONCLUSION: For these particular settings, the laser-etched teeth resulted in lower bond strengths to enamel and the use of a primer increased the bond strength for laser-etched teeth only.     

Irradiation of dental enamel with Q-switched lambda = 355-nm laser pulses: surface morphology,fluoride adsorption,and adhesion to composite resin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lasers can be used to modify the chemical composition of dental enamel to increase the bond strength to restorative materials and to render the mineral phase more resistant to acid dissolution. Previous studies have suggested a synergistic relationship between CO(2) laser irradiation and fluoride treatment on increased resistance to acid dissolution. In this study a near-UV laser operating with lambda = 355-nm laser pulses of 3-5 nanoseconds duration was used to modify the surface morphology of dental enamel to increase the bond strength to restorative materials and increase the uptake of topical fluoride to render the surface more resistant to acid dissolution. We hypothesize that the short UV laser pulses are primarily absorbed by protein and lipid localized between the enamel prisms resulting in removal of intact mineral effectively etching the surface without thermal modification of the mineral phase. Such modification is likely to increase the permeability of the enamel surface and the subsequent absorption of fluoride. In addition, there is an increase in surface roughness without the formation of a layer of loosely adherent, thermally modified enamel that increases the bond strength to composite restorative materials. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surfaces of blocks of bovine enamel, 5 x 5 mm(2), were uniformly irradiated by 355-nm laser pulses and subsequently bonded to composite. The shear bond test was used to assess the bond strength of non-irradiated blocks (negative control), acid etched blocks (positive control), and laser irradiated blocks. The resistance to acid dissolution was evaluated using controlled surface dissolution experiments on irradiated samples, irradiated samples exposed to topical fluoride, and non-irradiated control samples with and without fluoride. RESULTS: The laser surface treatments significantly increased the shear-bond strength of enamel to composite, to a level exceeding 20 MPa which was significantly more than the non-irradiated control samples and significantly less than the acid etch. Laser irradiation alone and topical fluoride application alone did not significantly increase the resistance to acid dissolution. The laser treatment followed by topical application of fluoride significantly increased the resistance to acid dissolution to a level of over 50% versus the control samples. CONCLUSIONS: We present a novel method for increasing bond strength to restorative materials and enhancing fluoride delivery to enamel surfaces and shed some light on the underlying mechanisms of caries inhibition via laser treatment and topical application of fluoride.     

The effect of ultrafast fiber laser application on the bond strength of resin cement to titanium

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrafast fiber laser treatment on the bond strength between titanium and resin cement. A total of 60 pure titanium discs (15 mm × 2 mm) were divided into six test groups (n = 10) according to the surface treatment used: group (1) control, machining; group (2) grinding with a diamond bur; group (3) ultrafast fiber laser application; group (4) resorbable blast media (RBM) application; group (5) electro-erosion with copper; and group (6) sandblasting. After surface treatments, resin cements were applied to the treated titanium surfaces. Shear bond strength testing of the samples was performed with a universal testing machine after storing in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test were used to analyse the data (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength values were observed in the laser application group, while the lowest values were observed in the grinding group. Sandblasting and laser application resulted in significantly higher bond strengths than control treatment (P < 0.05). Ultrafast fiber laser treatment and sandblasting may improve the bond strength between resin cement and titanium.     

Adhesion of composite resins to enamel irradiated by the Er:YAG laser: application of the ultrasonic scaler on irradiated surface

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The clinical use of the Er:YAG laser in cavity preparation has become widespread. With respect to cavities prepared with the Er:YAG laser, restorations using composite resins and glass ionomer cements are common. The bond strength of current resin bonding systems to ground enamel is 14-30 MPa, whereas the strength to Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel, regardless of the use or non-use of phosphoric acid etching is less than 10 MPa. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this investigation, an ultrasonic scaler was tested as a technique to increase the bond strength of composite resins to the Er:YAG irradiated enamel surface. RESULTS: The application of the ultrasonic scaler significantly increased bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: The tensile bond strength in the groups treated with the ultrasonic scaler exhibited approximately twice the strength observed in groups treated with laser irradiation alone.     

Comparative efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG lasers for etching of composite for orthodontic bracket bonding

Several techniques have been proposed to obtain a durable bond, and the efficacy of these techniques is assessed by measuring parameters such as bond strength. Laser has provided a bond strength as high as that of acid etching in vitro and has simpler use with shorter clinical time compared to acid etching. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers for etching and bonding of composite to orthodontic brackets. No previous study has evaluated the effect of these particular types of laser. A total of 70 composite blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n?=?14): group 1, etching with phosphoric acid for 20 s; group 2, Er:YAG laser irradiation with 2 W power for 10 s; group 3, Er:YAG laser with 3 W power for 10 s; group 4, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 2 W power for 10 s; group 5, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with 3 W power for 10 s. Metal brackets were then bonded to composites, and after 5000 thermal cycles, they were subjected to shear bond strength test in a universal testing machine after 24 h of water storage. One sample of each group was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess changes in composite surface after etching. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was calculated under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed. The mean and standard deviation of shear bond strength were 18.65?±?3.36, 19.68?±?5.34, 21.31?±?4.03, 17.38?±?6.94, and 16.45?±?4.26 MPa in groups 1–5, respectively. The ARI scores showed that the bond failure mode in all groups was mainly mixed. The groups were not significantly different in terms of shear bond strength. Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with the mentioned parameters yield optimal shear bond strength and can be used as an alternative to acid etching for bracket bond to composite.     

Comparison of the bond strength of composite resin to Er:YAG laser irradiated human enamel pre-treated with various methods in vitro

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We have reported that the application of ultrasonic scalers on the Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel surface achieved bond strengths of approximately 16 MPa. However, it is reported that a bond strength of 20 MPa is needed to prevent the marginal gaps, so the tensile bond strength (TBS) of composite resin to the Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel is still insufficient. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various methods (phosphoric acid etching, air scaling, ultrasonic scaling, air powder polishing, combination with phosphoric acid etching, and prior mechanical removal methods) were tested as a technique to increase TBS of composite resins to the Er:YAG irradiated enamel. RESULTS: Both the methods of mechanical removal following Er:YAG laser irradiation and the phosphoric acid etching following irradiation and mechanical removal had significant effects on TBS. TBS in the group with acid etching following air powder polishing showed highest value, 22.0 MPa. CONCLUSION: The application of phosphoric acid etching following mechanical removal of Er:YAG laser irradiation was effective to achieve high bond strength.     

Effect of acid and laser etching on shear bond strength of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements to composite resin

Success in sandwich technique procedures can be achieved through an acceptable bond between the materials. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 35% phosphoric acid and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on shear bond strength of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) to composite resin in sandwich technique. Sixty-six specimens were prepared from each type of glass-ionomer cements and divided into three treatment groups as follows: without pretreatment, acid etching by 35% phosphoric acid for 15 s, and 1-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment for 15 s with a 600-μm-diameter tip aligned perpendicular to the target area at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. Energy density of laser irradiation was 17.7 J/cm². Two specimens in each group were prepared for evaluation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after surface treatment and the remainder underwent bonding procedure with a bonding agent and composite resin. Then the shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two-factor analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test showed that the cement type, surface treatment method, and the interaction of these two factors significantly affect the shear bond strength between glass-ionomer cements and composite resin (p < 0.05). Surface treatment with phosphoric acid or Er,Cr:YSGG laser increased the shear bond strength of GIC to composite resin; however, in RMGIC only laser etching resulted in significantly higher bond strength. These findings were supported by SEM results. The fracture mode was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×20.     

The effect of different surface treatments on roughnessand bond strength in low fusing ceramics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface treatments (air abrasion, acid etching, and laser irradiation) on the surface roughness and bond strength of a low fusing ceramic. Thirty-six discs of low fusing ceramic (Finesse, Ceramco) were prepared (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Specimens were divided into three groups (n = 12), and the following treatments were performed: Air abrasion with alumina particles (50 μm), acid etching with 5% HF and Nd:YAG laser irradiation (distance: 1 mm, 100 mJ, 20 Hz, 2 W, and 141.54 J/cm²). Following determination of surface roughness (R_a) by profilometry, specimens were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luting cement (Clearfil Esthetic Cement) was bonded to the ceramic specimens using Teflon tubes. After 24 h of water storage, shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (α = .05). Two-way ANOVA indicated that surface roughness was significantly affected by surface treatments (p < .001). Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) indicated that the air abrasion group had a significantly higher mean value (p < .05) than the other groups. Shear bond strength was significantly affected by surface treatments (p < .001). Tukey HSD indicated that the air abrasion group had a significantly higher mean value (p < .05) than the other groups. No significant difference was found between the acid-etching and laser-irradiation groups (p > .05). The SEM image of the laser irradiation surface appeared to be relatively smooth as compared to the images of other the groups. Air abrasion of low-fusing porcelain surfaces was effective in improving the bond strength as compared to the acid-etching and laser-irradiation methods.     

Effects of different surface treatments on shear bond strength in two different ceramic systems

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface treatments (sandblasting, acid etching, and laser irradiation) on the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate-based core (IPS Empress 2) and feldspathic ceramics (VITA VM 9). One hundred ceramic discs were divided into two groups of 50 discs each for two ceramic systems: IPS Empress 2 (group I) and VITA VM 9 (group II). Each of the two groups was further divided into five surface treatment groups (ten each) as follows: group SB, sandblasting with alumina particles (50 μm); group HF, 5 % hydrofluoric acid etching; group L, Er:YAG laser irradiation (distance, 1 mm; 500 mJ; 20 Hz; 10 W; manually, noncontact R14 handpiece); group SB–L, sandblasting + Er:YAG laser; and group HF–L, 5 % hydrofluoric acid + Er:YAG laser. Luting cement (Panavia 2.0) was bonded to the ceramic specimens using Teflon tubes. After 24 h of water storage, a shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests (α?=?0.05). The two-way ANOVA indicated that the shear bond strength was significantly affected by the surface treatment methods (p?<?0.05), but there was no significant interaction between the ceramic systems. Group SB–L had the highest mean values for each ceramic system. Sandblasting, followed by Er:YAG laser irradiation, enhanced the bond strength, indicating its potential use as an alternative method. The atomic force microscopic evaluation revealed that group SB had the most distinct sharp peaks among the groups.