2型糖尿病患者凝血纤溶指标变化与糖尿病微血管病变的关系

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者凝血纤溶功能的变化及其与糖尿病微血管病变的关系。方法　选取 2型糖尿病伴微血管病变 31例 ,无大小血管并发症的 2型糖尿病患者 35例及 2 0例健康人 ,测定血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)、假性血友病因子 (v WF)、P-选择素、凝血酶原激活物抑制剂 - 1(PAI- 1 )。结果　糖尿病无并发症组 Fbg、v WF、P-选择素、PAI- 1与对照组比较差异无显著性 ,糖尿病微血管病变组血浆 Fbg、v WF、P-选择素、PAI- 1水平显著高于健康对照组 ,v WF、P-选择素 (P<0 .0 5～ P<0 .0 1 )、PAI- 1水平显著高于无并发症组 (P<0 .0 5～ P<0 .0 1 )。 Logistic回归分析显示微血管病变与糖尿病病程、Hb A1 c、Fbg、P-选择素、PAI- 1水平显著相关。结论　 2型糖尿病患者存在高凝状态 ,并且凝血纤溶功能异常参与了糖尿病微血管病变的发生。     

血清一氧化氮水平与2型糖尿病血管病变的关系

一氧化氮 (NO)具有重要的生理功能 ,参与多种疾病的病理生理过程 ,人体内一氧化氮水平异常可能与多种疾病的发生有关。我们采用镉还原法 ,通过对 46例 2型糖尿病患者血清硝酸盐 (NO3)水平的测定 ,判定病人体内 NO水平 ,并探讨其与糖尿病血管病变的关系。对象与方法一、研究对象1.糖尿病组 :根据 1985年 WHO糖尿病诊断标准 ,随机选择住院的 2型糖尿病患者 46例 ,男 2 1例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 5 2 .0± 3.7岁 ,病程 8.3± 4.7年。其中 ,合并大血管病变组 2 0例 ,微血管病变组 2 4例 ,同时合并大血管及微血管病变组 6例 ,无并发症组 8例。大血…     

2型糖尿病患者血清C反应蛋白与可溶性细胞粘附分子水平变化的临床意义

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者血清 C反应蛋白 (CRP)、可溶性细胞粘附分子水平变化及其与血管并发症的关系。方法　采用 EL ISA法检测 12 7例 2型糖尿病患者 (糖尿病组 )血清 CRP、可溶性血管细胞间粘附分子 - 1(s VCAM- 1)和可溶性细胞间粘附分子 - 1(s ICAM- 1)水平 ,并与 6 4例健康人 (对照组 )进行比较。结果　糖尿病组血清 CRP、s ICAM- 1、s VCAM- 1均明显高于对照组 ,有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;有血管并发症者CRP、s ICAM- 1、s VCAM- 1明显高于无血管并发症者 (P<0 .0 1) ,大血管并发症、微血管并发症和大血管与微血管并发症并存者各指标比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。糖尿病组血清 CRP水平与 s ICAM- 1、s VCAM- 1水平变化呈正相关 (r =0 .5 76～ 0 .6 2 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　血清 CRP、 s ICAM- 1、 s VCAM- 1相互作用、可能参与了糖尿病的发生与发展 ,并与血管并发症的发生与发展有密切关系     

血清CA19—9检测对消化道恶性肿瘤的临床评价

对 14 0例消化道恶性肿瘤患者血清CA19 9进行了定量检测。结果显示 :2 9例胰腺癌组为90 8± 374U/ml,2 4例大肠癌组为 4 38± 2 17U/ml,5例胆管癌组为 4 0 5± 181U/ml,5 0例肝癌组为176± 5 4 .2U/ml,与 6 0例正常人对照组 2 6 .6± 8.6 8U/ml相比均有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中胰腺癌组升高最为明显。 32例胃癌组为 2 8.1± 10 .5U/ml,与正常对照组比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。本文还对 11例胰腺癌、15例结肠癌、5例胆管癌病人手术前、后血清CA19 9水平作了比较 ,术后较术前明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。血清CA19 9对消化道恶性肿瘤的诊断及疗效监测具有重要的参考价值     

老年糖尿病患者血清脂联素与炎症因子的相关性研究

目的检测老年糖尿病患者血清脂联素与炎症因子水平,并探讨二者的相关性。方法测定老年健康人(对照组)、老年2型糖尿病无大血管并发症患者(无血管病变组)及2型糖尿病伴大血管并发症患者(血管病变组)的血清脂联素与炎症因子C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。结果血清脂联素水平,对照组、无血管病变组及血管病变组分别为(10．67±3．26)mg/L、(6．43±2．64)mg/L和(4．31±2．17)mg/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0．01);3组血浆C反应蛋白水平分别为(1．64±0．37)mg/L、(4．86±1．82)mg/L和(6．62±1．91)mg/L,TNF-α分别为(5．83±1．37)pg/L、(8．94±3．28)pg/L和(15．31±3．65)pg/L,依次逐渐升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0．01)。无血管病变组和血管病变组脂联素与C反应蛋白、TNF-α、腰围、体质指数、腰臀比值及空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、三酰甘油均呈显著负相关。多元逐步回归分析显示,脂联素与C反应蛋白(r~2=0．18)、TNF-α(r~2=0．25)、腰臀比(r~2=0．21)及糖化血红蛋白(r~2= 0．19)具有相关性(均为P＜0．05)。结论脂联素可能是老年人糖尿病发生、发展及糖尿病大血管病变形成中炎症反应的保护因素。     

冠心病不同类型间斑块稳定性相关指标的比较研究

目的　比较血清抗氧化低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)抗体、细胞间黏附分子 1(ICAM 1)、血管细胞黏附分子 1(VCAM 1)和E 选择素水平对不同类型冠心病斑块稳定性的评价意义。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测了 10 0例冠心病患者 (17例急性心肌梗死 ,4 1例不稳定性心绞痛 ,4 2例稳定性心绞痛 )及 31例正常健康对照者血清ICAM 1、VCAM 1、E 选择素和血清抗oxLDL抗体水平 ,并比较上述各指标水平与不同类型冠心病斑块稳定性之间的关系。结果　血清ICAM 1水平在急性心肌梗死组 (76 4± 111)ng/ml和不稳定性心绞痛组 (70 9± 10 0 )ng/ml明显高于稳定性心绞痛组 (6 0 7± 83)ng/ml,和正常对照组 (6 0 3± 90 )ng/ml,P <0 0 1;血清VCAM 1水平在急性心肌梗死组 (185 5± 6 6 6 )ng/ml和不稳定性心绞痛组 (172 4± 5 5 5 )ng/ml明显高于稳定性心绞痛组 (136 0± 36 0 )ng/ml,和正常对照组 (10 39± 319)ng/ml,P <0 0 1;血清E 选择素水平在急性心肌梗死组 (5 4± 19)ng/ml和不稳定性心绞痛组 (5 3± 2 2 )ng/ml明显高于稳定性心绞痛组 (39± 19)ng/ml,和正常对照组 (38± 14 )ng/ml,P <0 0 5 ;血清抗oxLDL抗体水平在急性心肌梗死组 (1 39± 0 6 8)和不稳定性心绞痛组 (1 35± 0 6 2 )明显高于稳定性心绞痛组 (0     

老年糖尿病患者自由基与微血管并发症关系的探讨

目的　探讨老年糖尿病患者自由基和抗氧化能力的变化及其与微血管并发症的关系。　方法　测定 6 5例老年糖尿病患者和 6 5例健康老年对照者血浆或红细胞中脂质过氧化物 (LPO)、超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH PX)、维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)、β 胡萝卜素 (β CAR)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH) ,同时测定患者的空腹血糖、餐后 2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹和餐后 2hC肽、血脂、尿微量白蛋白排泄率、肌电图。　结果　老年糖尿病患者LPO(42 97± 6 99)nmol/g高于健康老年组 (31 5 9± 7 4 4 )nmol/g ,SOD(1712 4 4± 15 7 0 4 )U/L、CAT(2 17 0 1± 2 9 36 ) μg/g、GSH PX(2 1 0 1± 3 38)× 10 -10 U/RBC、VC(40 98± 10 5 1) μmol/L、VE(16 4 4± 2 4 5 ) μmol/L、β CAR(1 19± 0 2 3) μmol/L、GSH(0 98± 0 16 )nmol/L低于健康老年组〔分别为 (192 8 38± 14 3 4 4 )U/L、(2 6 4 4 0± 6 3 5 5 ) μg/g、(2 5 16± 6 4 1)× 10 -10 U/RBC、(5 2 2 3± 10 5 1) μmol/L、(2 3 0 4± 5 38) μmol/L、(1 6 3± 0 4 0 ) μmol/L、(1 2 5± 0 2 0 )nmol/L〕 ,合并糖尿病微血管并发症者变化更加明显 ,LPO和年龄呈正相关 (r=0 310 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,SOD、C     

右束支传导阻滞在急性心肌梗死中的临床意义

目的　评价伴随急性心肌梗死 (AMI)出现的右束支传导阻滞 (RBBB)的临床意义。方法　 2 94例 AMI分为RBBB组和非 RBBB组 ,比较两组患者的年龄、梗死部位、血清磷酸肌酸激酶 (CK)及其同工酶 (CK- MB)水平、心功能状态、严重并发症及住院死亡率。结果　 RBBB组血清 CK、CK- MB平均峰值为 (2 2 82 .0± 6 74.3) u/ L、(2 5 2 .6±137.3) u/ L ,明显高于非 RBBB组的 (192 0 .4± 5 6 9.2 ) u/ L、(114.8± 5 6 .7) u/ L (P<0 .0 0 5和 P<0 .0 1)。 RBBB组killip平均级别为 2 .33± 0 .5 4级 ,非 RBBB组为 1.46± 0 .6 3级 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,RBBB左心室舒张期末内径 (5 3.2± 9.6 m m )大于非 RBBB组 (4 5 .8± 8.2 m m,P<0 .0 5 ) ,左心室射血分数 [(4 8.9± 7.6 ) %]小于非 RBBB组 [(6 7.0± 3.7) %,P<0 .0 1]。 RBBB组心脏并发症发生率和住院死亡率高于非 RBBB组 (分别为 70 .8%和 39.0 %,P<0 .0 1;43.8%和 14.6 %,P<0 .0 1)。结论　 AMI并 RBBB患者梗死面积大 ,严重心脏并发症发生率和住院死亡率高。     

血清可溶性血管细胞粘附分子1和选择素E与2型糖尿病血管病变的关系

为研究可溶性血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E在 2型糖尿病患者血管病变中的变化 ,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测 2型糖尿病组 (分为并发大血管病变组、微血管病变组和无微血管病变组 )、糖耐量受损组、空腹血糖受损组和正常对照组的血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E水平 ,并测定糖代谢指标和尿微量白蛋白水平。结果发现 ,2型糖尿病组和糖耐量受损组血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;糖尿病伴大血管病变组血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E显著高于微血管病变组 ,伴微血管病变组高于无微血管病变组 (P <0 .0 1) ;空腹血糖受损组与对照组差异无显著性 ;在不同种类数量的微血管病变组间 ,血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E存在相关性 (γ =0 .4 2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;选择素E与糖代血红蛋白存在相关性 (γ =0 .5 9,P <0 .0 1)。以上提示 ,血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E可能参与了 2型糖尿病血管病变的发生和发展 ,检测血清血管细胞粘附分子 1和选择素E水平在一定程度上可反映 2型糖尿病血管病变的情况。     

自体干细胞移植对晚期胃癌患者化疗后免疫重建作用的研究

目的　探讨自体外周造血干细胞移植对晚期胃癌化疗后患者免疫重建作用的影响。方法5 4例晚期胃癌患者进行数字化血管造影 (DSA)引导下的超选择高剂量动脉EAP方案 (VP16 10 0mg/m2+表阿霉素 6 0mg/m2 +卡铂 2 0 0mg/m2 )化疗后 ,其中 2 0例于 4 8h后接受自体外周血干细胞移植。结果　EAP动脉化疗后结合自体外周血干细胞移植方案对晚期胃癌患者的近期有效率为 85 .0 % ,显著高于单纯动脉化疗组的 2 9.3% (P <0 .0 1)。单纯动脉化疗组治疗前后患者的白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、γ 干扰素 (γ IFN)、可溶性白细胞介素 2受体 (sIL 2R)、白介素 2受体 (IL 2R)、自然杀伤细胞活性 (Nka)水平分别为 (2 0 .7± 2 .4 )U/ml,(6 4 5 .9± 4 8.2 )U/ml,(783.5± 77.1)U/ml,(13.2± 1.9) % ,(9.0± 1.1) %和(16 .3± 6 .4 )U/ml,(2 37.9± 17.4 )U/ml,(10 0 1.7± 112 .8)U/ml,(4.8± 0 .5 ) % ,(5 .93± 0 .2 ) %。γ IFN、IL 2R、NKa显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,sIL 2R则显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;而治疗组患者自体外周造血干细胞输注前及输注后 1周 ,IL 2、γ IFN、sIL 2R、IL 2R、Nka水平分别为 (2 1.7± 2 .3)U/ml,(6 32 .9± 4 7.8)U/ml,(76 8.3± 6 7.2 )U/ml,(12 .8± 1.7) % ,(9.8± 1.2 ) %和 (79.3± 7.4 )U/ml,(2 35     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.