北京和平里七区55-84岁居民吸烟状况干预调查

本文报告了和平里七区５５～８４岁４５５位居民的调查情况，其中吸烟者１７２人，占调查人数的３７％；吸烟者中患慢性支气管炎者７１人，占吸烟人数的４１．２７％；吸烟和不吸烟与患慢性支气管炎呈显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。调查表明在居民中广泛宣传吸烟的危害，动员吸烟者戒烟或减少吸烟，充分发挥吸烟者家庭成员的劝阻和监督作用，并制订出限量和戒烟措施，对戒烟取得了较好效果。     

石家庄市12320卫生热线服务人群吸烟状况调查

目的为了解12320卫生热线服务人群吸烟、被动吸烟情况,以及对热线戒烟服务接受程度,为进一步探索有效的戒烟热线干预模式,降低人群吸烟率,减少吸烟相关慢性疾病的发生和死亡提供依据。方法采用12320卫生热线电话调查的方法,调查受咨询居民的人口学资料、吸烟行为、戒烟史和戒烟意愿,对12320卫生热线戒烟服务的接受程度以及被动吸烟情况。结果被调查居民总吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为20.82%(标化率为19.69%)和19.45%(标化率为17.76%),其中男性分别为47.31%(标化率为43.15%)和44.42%(标化率为39.57%);吸烟者中41.69%近期有戒烟意愿,52.63%曾经尝试过戒烟,戒烟成功率为6.58%(标化率为10.92%),尝试过戒烟的吸烟者戒烟意愿高于未尝试过的;30.99%的现在吸烟者对热线戒烟服务感兴趣,不吸烟者被动吸烟率为47.28%(标化率为41.69%)。结论探索具有中国特色的戒烟热线干预模式,对降低吸烟者的数量,减少吸烟相关慢性疾病的发生和死亡有着不可低估的意义。     

江苏省男性吸烟者戒烟行为与接受戒烟服务现状调查

目的了解江苏省男性吸烟者戒烟行为及接受戒烟服务现状。方法在江苏省14个慢性病监测点采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法和KISH表法确定调查对象,用问卷调查方法收集相关信息。结果被调查成年男性戒烟率为11.3％,平均戒烟年龄为46.5岁,有58.3％的是在45岁以后开始戒烟;现在吸烟者打算戒烟率和过去12个月内尝试戒烟率分别为15.9％和16.2％,30岁以下年龄组这两个率均为最高;过去12个月内吸过烟者接受卫生保健服务时医生询问吸烟情况和劝戒烟的比例分别为23.8％和19.3％,吸烟者使用过戒烟方法的比例为5.0％。结果提供给吸烟者的戒烟服务资源不足,应加强对医生控烟技能培训和开设戒烟门诊,有效指导吸烟者戒烟.提高戒烟成功率。     

肺功能测定对不同肺功能状况的吸烟者戒烟行为的影响

目的探讨肺功能测定对不同肺功能状况的吸烟者戒烟行为的影响。方法将进行体检的546例吸烟者随机分成两组，常规体检组250例接受常规体检，肺功能测定组除常规体检外还接受肺功能测定，然后根据体检结果有针对性地对两组体检者进行健康教育劝其戒烟，分别计算两组的戒烟率和成功戒烟率，并进行比较。结果肺功能测定组总的戒烟率和成功戒烟率分别为22．3％和7．4％，与常规体检组（分别为20．8％和4．8％）比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但肺功能测定组中肺功能结果异常者戒烟率和成功戒烟率分别达到44．4％和27．8％，与同组中肺功能正常者（19．2％和4．6％）和常规体检组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；而肺功能测定组肺功能结果正常者与常规体检组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论肺功能测定能促使肺功能异常的吸烟者成功戒烟，从而在某种程度上延缓由吸烟所致的慢性阻塞忡陆疾病（COPD）患者的病程。肺功能测定应纳入常规体检项目在全国推广。     

天下资讯

研究人员对一些志愿者进行了记忆测试，这些志愿者包括吸烟者、戒烟者和从不吸烟者。结果显示，吸烟者群体的记忆力表现最差，平均只能记起59％的任务；而从不吸烟的群体表现最好，平均能记起81％的任务。那些已经戒烟者也有较好的表现，平均能记起74％的任务。     

上海市五区结核病患者吸烟现况调查

目的了解上海市五区结核病患者的吸烟、被动吸烟现状,为今后对结核病患者进行戒烟干预提供信息。方法采用方便整群抽样选取上海市5个区2008年登记在册的所有年龄≥14岁的新登菌阳结核病患者进行问卷调查。结果有效调查的1019名结核病患者中,每日吸烟率为30.3%,其中男性为44.3%,女性为0.9%;确诊为结核病时,男性的标化现在吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为58.0%,78.7%,女性的标化现在吸烟率和标化吸烟率分别为1.3%,3.5%;85.5%的现在吸烟者为中重度吸烟者。61.9%的现在吸烟者表示"打算在一个月内戒烟",仍有19.8%表示"对戒烟没有兴趣"。男性、年龄在40～59岁、初高中文化程度、低收入水平、在婚的沪籍人口吸烟率较高。结核病患者的被动吸烟率为55.8%,其中男性56.4%,女性55.3%,差别无统计学意义。结论结核病患者的标化现在吸烟率和标化吸烟率较高。     

上海市虹口区自愿戒烟者戒烟效果评价研究

本文通过对上海市虹口区自愿参加 2 0 0 0年国际戒烟竞赛活动的 1 82名志愿戒烟者进行调查研究 ,发现在一个月的戒烟期中戒烟成功者有 80人 ,成功率为 43 96 %。经一年的随访后发现 ,在 80名的戒烟成功者中 ,完全不吸烟的有 45人 ,成功率为 56 2 5% ,在 3 4名重复吸烟者中 ,有不同程度的吸烟减少者有2 9人 ,占重复吸烟者的 85 2 9%。说明戒烟竞赛对有戒烟愿望的吸烟者起一定的促进戒烟作用。对象与方法1 对象　以参加戒烟竞赛活动的区内医院、社区、学校、企业、商委、文化等系统和单位及外来自愿报名者 1 82人为调查对象。2 方法　 2 0…     

潍坊市医务人员吸烟状况与戒烟服务情况的调查

目的了解潍坊市医院医务人员的吸烟现况及向病人提供戒烟服务的情况，为医院持续控烟工作的改进提供科依据。方法对城区创建国家卫生城市参加无烟医院评比的单位，以问卷的方式进行调查。结果5097名医务人员中有14．68％吸烟，96．0％的人知晓本单位开展无烟医院，95．5％的人赞同创建无烟医院；35．4％的人主动向病人提供戒烟服务；14．1％的人曾经得到过戒烟方法与技巧的培训，43．7％的人打算学习戒烟的方法技巧。10．7％的病人主动寻求医务人员提供戒烟帮助，吸烟者与非吸烟者在支持创建无烟医院、提供戒烟服务的态度上存在差别。结论建议提高医务人员对病人提供戒烟服务的意识和能力，做好医务人员的戒烟工作。     

崇阳县部分农民高血压流行病学调查

本文报道了１９９１年９￣１１月按分层整群抽样调查崇阳县２个镇１５岁以上的农民３８７９人，高血压患病率为２．３４％，标化率为２．４３％。男女标化率分别为２．５９％及２．３３％，经统计学检验无差别。（ｕ＝０．４７，Ｐ〉０．０５）２镇４个村的标化率经检验也无差别。（ｘ＾２＝１．５８，Ｐ〉０．０５）吸烟者与不吸烟者标化率分别为３．４６％及２．４４％，经统计学检验差异非常显著。（ｕ＝２．５１，Ｐ〈０．０１）     

应用标化合格率评价公共场所卫生状况

[目的]应用标化合格率对南平1998—2001年的公共场所卫生状况评价。[方法]用各年问公共场所卫生监测的平均合格率与标化合格率进行比较分析。[结果]1998—2001年公共场所标化合格率分别为88．3％、89．6％、90．3％和90．4％，经显著性检验，2001年的公共场所卫生状况比1998年有明显提高，2001年与1999年的公共场所卫生合格率也有非常显著性差异。[结论]使用平均合格率对公共场所卫生状况评价是不够科学的，必须使用标化合格率作比较才能得到正确的判断。本文应用标化合格率对南平市4年来的公共场所卫生状况进行评价，描述出我市公共场所合格率在时间上的变化趋势。     

黑龙江省 18 岁及以上常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状分析

目的了解黑龙江省18岁及以上常住居民吸烟和戒烟行为状况,为制定烟草控制措施提供科学依据。方法利用2015黑龙江省成人慢性病和营养监测项目调查数据进行统计分析。结果 2015年黑龙江省18岁及以上居民现在吸烟率为26.23%,男性明显高于女性,不同性别居民现在吸烟率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=858.29,P0.05);现在吸烟率在城乡中的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.11,P0.05);开始每日吸烟的平均年龄为19.96岁,男性养成规律吸烟习惯早于女性,戒烟率为13.75%,不同性别居民戒烟率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.05,P0.05),戒烟率在城乡中的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.21,P0.05);成功戒烟率为10.66%,男性成功戒烟率高于女性,不同性别居民成功戒烟率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.52,P0.05);成功戒烟率在城乡中的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.34,P0.05)。结论黑龙江省目前烟草使用现象仍然较为普遍,成年男性吸烟率较高,戒烟和成功戒烟率水平低。     

Changes in smoking among restaurant and bar employees following Norway's comprehensive smoking ban

Norway implemented a nationwide ban on indoor smoking in June 2004. This study documents the smoking patterns of Norway's restaurant and bar workers before and after the ban, to determine changes in smoking prevalence and explore which individual and environmental characteristics were related to cessation. A national sample of food service workers was surveyed by telephone or Internet immediately before the ban and at 4 and 11 months post-implementation. Results showed that between baseline measurement and 4 months post-implementation, there were significant declines in prevalence of daily smoking (-3.6% points, p < 0.005), daily smoking at work (-6.2% points, p < 0.001), number of cigarettes smoked by continuing smokers (-1.55, p < 0.001) and number of cigarettes smoked at work by continuing smokers (-1.63, p < 0.001). No significant changes occurred in any of these variables between 4 and 11 months post-implementation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only smokers' intentions at baseline to quit within 30 days predicted cessation at both follow-up time points. In addition, cessation at 4 months was predicted by lower daily cigarette consumption at baseline, whereas cessation at 11 months was predicted by baseline attitude toward ETS and exposure to ETS as measured at follow-up. In sum, Norway's smoking ban was accompanied by a reduction in smoking in the period immediately following the ban, and the reduction was maintained almost a year later. The finding that smoking cessation was consistently associated with smokers' intentions to quit within 30 days suggests that motivational and support programs could play a significant role in boosting cessation rates. It is recommended that targeted interventions be used to supplement the benefits of a comprehensive ban to achieve tobacco control objectives.     

天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析

目的：了解天津市居民吸烟状况、戒烟想法及戒烟方法的应用,为有针对性地在居民中开展健康教育活动提供依据,同时为制定相关控烟政策提供基础数据。方法使用 PPS 法(按规模大小成比例的概率抽样)在每个区抽取3个街道,共计16个区。使用 PPS 在每个街道抽取2个居委会抽样单位,采用随机抽样方法在每个居委会抽取70个家庭户,每个家庭户采用 KISH 表抽取1名调查对象,每个居委会完成50份调查问卷。结果男性现在吸烟率为42.35%,女性现在吸烟率为10.32%,男性吸烟率高于女性(χ2=760.956,P <0.05),不同文化程度居民吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.605,P <0.05)。男性与女性现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.959,P >0.05),不同吸烟量的现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.434,P <0.05),随着吸烟者吸烟量的增大,想戒烟的比例也在逐渐降低。89.18%现在吸烟者选择靠自己毅力戒烟,7.06%选择拨打戒烟热线。在过去12个月,有42.25%医护人员建议吸烟者戒烟。非吸烟者对主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者,有戒烟想法的人主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者。结论应积极开展控烟工作,有针对性地对男性、女性吸烟者开展控烟干预工作,加大戒烟门诊、戒烟热线的宣传,提高医务人员的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧,广泛宣传主动吸烟与被动吸烟的危害,同时政府部门加强控烟法律执行力度,保证人民群众不受二手烟的危害。     

Smoking behavior,initiating and cessation factors among Japanese nurses: a cohort study

The prevalence of smoking among Japanese nurses, specially in their twenties, is higher than that among the general female population. To examine smoking behavior, smoking initiating and cessation factors, we conducted a cohort study through questionnaire survey, targeting nurses (n=1572) working at 11 hospitals located in Tokyo metropolitan area. The first survey was conducted using a confidential questionnaire on smoking, followed by a second survey conducted in the same manner on the same subjects two years later. As to smoking status after two years, 8% (95%CI=1.5%) started smoking and 6% (95%CI=1.4%) quitted resulting in a 2% increase in the prevalence of current smoking. The average nicotine dependence for nurses who were smokers in the two surveys rose from 3.9 to 4.3 (P<0.05). Smoking behavior of mother, friends, or superiors at work had a significant influence on smoking behavior of nurses. As to smoking cessation factors, the idea that women and medical workers should not smoke, and living with family each had a significant influence. Considering the fact that 6% of nurses in this study succeeded in quitting smoking within two years, it is required that anti-smoking education be conducted at medical institutions to decrease the prevalence of current smoking among the nurses in Japan.     

组织改变理论在工厂戒烟干预中的应用研究

目的探索组织改变理论模型在中国工厂戒烟干预应用的可行性和效果。方法于2008～2009年对上海市两家工厂进行对照研究。对照组246人(男204,女42),平均年龄(34.7±13.2)岁,干预组233人(男203,女30),平均年龄(31.1±11.9)岁。将组织改变理论模型的4个阶段应用到干预组的戒烟干预中。分别在干预前和干预后,以问卷调查表的形式收集员工每日吸烟量、吸烟率、危害认知和戒烟意愿等方面的改变。在干预6个月后以戒烟者尿液中可的宁浓度的生物学检测判定是否成功戒烟。结果干预组的现在吸烟率由干预前的59.8%下降到干预后的39.1%(P<0.01),每日吸烟量由(15.0±8.6)支/天下降到(11.9±7.9)支/天(P<0.01)。对照组则无显著改变;干预组吸烟者中愿意接受同事戒烟帮助的比例由干预前的3.7%上升到干预后的15.6%(P<0.01),认为吸烟对健康有严重危害的比例也由干预前的36.5%上升到干预后的64.4%(P<0.05),对照组则均无显著改变(P>0.05);干预组吸烟者中打算在1个月内戒烟的比例由干预前的11.0%提高到干预后的41.5%(P<0.01),而对照组则无显著改变(8.5%vs9.5%);干预组和对照组6个月的戒烟成功率分别为24.6%和6.4%(P<0.01)。结论组织改变理论模型在中国工厂开展戒烟干预中的应用是可行的;该模型的应用对降低工人的吸烟率和每日吸烟量,提高吸烟者的戒烟意愿是显著的,6个月的戒烟成功率也显著提高。     

湖北省武汉市成人居民吸烟现状调查

目的了解武汉市成人居民吸烟和被动吸烟现状。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，选取9077名18岁及以上常住居民为调查对象，用统一调查表进行调查。结果武汉市18岁以上居民年龄标化吸烟率为25．6％，中心城区低于远城区；男性吸烟率为49．1％，女性为2．6％。年龄标化戒烟率为3．5％，其中男性为6．4％，女性为0．6％。18岁以上成人年龄标化被动吸烟率为25．9％。在所有成人吸烟人群中，平均初始吸烟年龄为22．3±7．1岁。结论武汉市成人居民的吸烟率、被动吸烟率低于2002年全国吸烟流行病学调查的全国水平，远城区居民的吸烟率和吸烟量均高于城区，城区居民戒烟率高于远城区居民。     

Brief intervention on maternal smoking: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To determine if mothers receiving a smoking cessation intervention emphasizing health risks of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) for their children have a higher quit rate than mothers who received routine smoking cessation advice, which focused on their own health, or a control group of mothers. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. METHODS: Randomized control trial. A total of 363 mothers were randomly assigned to a smoking cessation intervention either aimed at their children's health (n = 111) or their own health (n = 131), or to a control group receiving no smoking cessation advice (n = 121). RESULTS: Provision to mothers of both groups of health risks of tobacco smoke resulted in significantly higher rate of cessation of smoking and smoking location change than those of the control group, with child intervention group having significantly higher rate of cessation of smoking and smoking location change than those of the maternal intervention group (P < 0.05). Post-intervention knowledge scores differed significantly for all groups; however, child intervention group was the only significantly better group than the others (P < 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis results, intervention grouping and presence of smoking friends were independent factors determining smoking cessation (P < 0.05). Intervention grouping, post-intervention knowledge, presence of other household members who smoked and family income were independent factors determining smoking location change (P < 0.05). Family income, intervention grouping and presence of smoking friends were significant independent factors influencing post-intervention knowledge (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Discussion during short paediatric visits on effects of smoking on child's or maternal health may result in a significant smoking cessation, smoking location change rate or knowledge change. Those who cannot give up smoking usually change their location of smoking. Provision of information on effects of smoking on child's health, rather than maternal, may result in more significant changes in behaviour or knowledge. Maternal education on smoking should include information on effects of smoking on both child's and maternal health, but should be especially focused on child's health.     

2013年西安市居民烟草流行状况调查

目的 了解西安市居民的烟草流行状况,为进一步在全市开展控烟工作提供理论依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,在西安城区和农村抽取2 772名15～69岁的调查对象,于2013年10-12月采用《2012年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行入户问卷调查,调查内容包括基本信息、戒烟行为及认知、戒烟史、吸烟环境及对烟草危害认知。采用SPSS 19.0软件分析居民吸烟率、二手烟暴露率人群分布差异及吸烟者戒烟想法和戒烟方式等情况。 结果 西安市居民吸烟率为28.1％,城区、农村分别为24.8%和31.4%,男、女分别为50.6％、6.3％,城乡及性别分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);76.2%人群受二手烟危害,其中56.7%人几乎每天接触二手烟,不同社会特征人群除职业和年龄分类二手烟暴露率及暴露频率比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);吸烟人群中有戒烟意愿的仅占51.4%,拨打戒烟热线、咨询戒烟门诊为6.5%和10.4%。 结论 2013年西安市居民吸烟率较高,二手烟暴露严重,吸烟者有戒烟意愿者少,希望寻求专业戒烟帮助的更少,烟草流行情况不容乐观。     

Social determinants of ever initiating smoking differ from those of quitting: a cross-sectional study in Estonia

BACKGROUND: To study the association of socioeconomic and demographic indicators with ever initiating regular smoking and quitting smoking among ever regular smokers in Estonia in order to identify target groups for equity-oriented tobacco control policies. METHODS: Data for 4277 individuals in the 25-64 age group come from three cross-sectional studies conducted in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Age-standardized prevalence rates and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: High rates of ever initiation were observed for lower educated men and women after controlling for other socioeconomic indicators. This association was not observed for women above age 50. Independent, although weaker associations were found among men who were unemployed or with a low occupational status. Low cessation rates were observed among men who were unemployed, who had a lower occupational position or who had a low income. These associations remained after controlling for other socioeconomic variables. The effect of income became stronger in the older age groups among men. Rates of ever initiation and cessation also varied strongly in relationship to some demographic variables. The highest initiation rates were found among divorced women and among women living in the capital city. The lowest cessation rates were found among divorced women, and among Russian men. CONCLUSIONS: While educational level was the strongest predictor of ever initiating regular smoking, smoking cessation was related more directly to aspects of social disadvantage originating in adult life. To be effective, tobacco control interventions should not only target lower educated, but also those in material disadvantage.     

Smoking cessation at the workplace. Results of a randomised controlled intervention study. Worksite physicians from the AIREL group

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of a worksite intervention by the occupational physician offering simple advice of smoking cessation with a more active strategy of advice including a "quit date" and extra support. POPULATION: Employees of an electrical and gas company seen at the annual visit by their occupational physicians. CRITERIA END POINTS: Smoking point prevalence defined as the percentage of smokers who were non-smokers at one year. Secondary criteria were the percentage of smokers who stopped smoking for more than six months and the difference in prevalence of smoking in both groups. METHODS: Randomised controlled trial. The unit of randomisation was the work site physician and a random sample of the employees of whom he or she was in charge. The length of the follow up was one year. Each of 30 work site physicians included in the study 100 to 150 employees. RESULTS: Among 504 subjects classified as smokers at baseline receiving simple advice (group A) and 591 the more active programme (group B), 68 (13.5%) in group A and 109 (18. 4%) were non-smokers one year later (p=0.03; p=0.01 taking the occupational physician as the statistical unit and using a non-parametric test). Twenty three subjects (4.6%) in group A and 36 (6.1%) in group B (p=0.26) declared abstinence of six months or more. Among non-smokers at baseline, 3.4% in both groups were smokers after one year follow up. The prevalence of smokers did not differ significantly at baseline (32.9% and 32.4%, p=0.75). After the intervention the prevalence of smoking was 30.8% in group A and 28. 7% in group B (p=0.19). An increase of the mean symptoms score for depression in those who quit was observed during this period. CONCLUSIONS: A simple cessation intervention strategy during a mandatory annual examination, targeting a population of smokers independently of their motivation to stop smoking or their health status, showed a 36% relative increase of the proportion of smokers who quit smoking as compared with what can be achieved through simple advice.