2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病肾脏疾病的患病率分析

目的 鉴别2型糖尿病患者蛋白尿的肾脏病因,估算非糖尿病肾病的患病率.方法 回顾性研究分析46例2型糖尿病合并肾损伤的患者,比较病史、心脏彩超、颈动脉多普勒彩超、眼底检查结果、肾小球滤过率、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖、HbA1c、尿蛋白等临床指标,所有患者通过肾脏穿刺明确诊断,根据病理结果分为糖尿病肾病组和非糖尿病肾病组.结果 46例患者确诊糖尿病肾病比例占47.8%,52.2%患者是糖尿病合并其他肾小球疾病,即非糖尿病.肾病,在非糖尿病肾病组中以局灶节段肾小球硬化比例最高.糖尿病肾病组空腹血糖较高(P<0.05).心脏彩超各项指标中,糖尿病肾病组的射血分数显著低于非糖尿病肾病组(P<0.05).颈动脉彩超检测中发现,糖尿病肾病组存在动脉粥样斑块患者显著高于非糖尿病肾病组,其颈动脉内膜中层厚度均较非糖尿病肾病组高(P<0.05).值得注意的是,非糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变关系不大,糖尿病视网膜病变对诊断糖尿病肾病具有较高的敏感性(72.2%)和特异性(91.7%,P<0.01).结论 2型糖尿病合并有蛋白尿时,空腹血糖、心脏射血分数、颈动脉粥样斑块和内膜中层厚度,以及眼底的改变作为临床鉴别糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病肾病的参考指标,肾活检则是明确糖尿病伴肾脏病变性质的重要手段.     

2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病肾脏疾病的患病率分析

目的 鉴别2型糖尿病患者蛋白尿的肾脏病因,估算非糖尿病肾病的患病率.方法 回顾性研究分析46例2型糖尿病合并肾损伤的患者,比较病史、心脏彩超、颈动脉多普勒彩超、眼底检查结果、肾小球滤过率、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖、HbA1c、尿蛋白等临床指标,所有患者通过肾脏穿刺明确诊断,根据病理结果分为糖尿病肾病组和非糖尿病肾病组.结果 46例患者确诊糖尿病肾病比例占47.8%,52.2%患者是糖尿病合并其他肾小球疾病,即非糖尿病.肾病,在非糖尿病肾病组中以局灶节段肾小球硬化比例最高.糖尿病肾病组空腹血糖较高(P<0.05).心脏彩超各项指标中,糖尿病肾病组的射血分数显著低于非糖尿病肾病组(P<0.05).颈动脉彩超检测中发现,糖尿病肾病组存在动脉粥样斑块患者显著高于非糖尿病肾病组,其颈动脉内膜中层厚度均较非糖尿病肾病组高(P<0.05).值得注意的是,非糖尿病肾病与糖尿病视网膜病变关系不大,糖尿病视网膜病变对诊断糖尿病肾病具有较高的敏感性(72.2%)和特异性(91.7%,P<0.01).结论 2型糖尿病合并有蛋白尿时,空腹血糖、心脏射血分数、颈动脉粥样斑块和内膜中层厚度,以及眼底的改变作为临床鉴别糖尿病肾病和非糖尿病肾病的参考指标,肾活检则是明确糖尿病伴肾脏病变性质的重要手段.     

2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病肾脏疾病临床病理特征分析

目的 探讨T2DM患者非糖尿病肾脏疾病(NDKD)的临床病理特征,评估肾活检对诊断T2DM患者NDKD的重要性并促进其早期检测.方法 回顾性分析390例伴蛋白尿的T2DM并行肾活检患者的病历资料.按照肾活检结果分为单纯DKD组(DKD,n=195)、单纯NDKD组(NDKD,n=170)及DKD合并NDKD组(DKD+...     

糖尿病微血管病变临床观察

糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病肾病是常见的糖尿病慢性微血管并发症 ,也是糖尿病患者致残、致死的主要原因。本文对我院 2 0 0 1 9～ 2 0 0 2 8收住的 2型糖尿病肾病和视网膜病变患者共 86例进行回顾性分析。现就其空腹血糖 (FPG)、空腹胰岛素 (FINS)、餐后 2小时血糖 ( 2hPG)和餐后 2小时胰岛素 ( 2hINS)作分析如下 :1　对象与方法1 1　对象 :2型糖尿病患者 86例 ,其中男 5 2例 ,女 34例 ,平均年龄 61 2± 7 1岁 ,病程 4～ 1 2年。均符合 1 997ADA/1 999WHO糖尿病诊断和分型标准。所有患者血尿素氮、肌酐值均在正常范围。糖尿病肾…     

糖尿病肾病与糖尿病控制状态研究

目的 研究糖尿病肾病(DN)与糖尿病(DM)控制状态的关系。方法 采用非条件Logistic回归模型，对影响DN发生、发展的因素进行分析。结果 筛选出6个有意义的因素：舒张压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病神经系统病变、DM病程，认为早餐前血糖7.03mmol/L是预防DN发生可建议的血糖水平，6．27mmol/L则是较严格控制DN发生的血糖水平。结论 DM患者在血糖、血压及其它并发症等方面的控制状态，影响着DN的发生、发展。     

2型糖尿病伴肾脏病变患者肾活检指征探讨

目的 研究2型糖尿病(DM)伴肾脏病变怀疑合并非糖尿病肾病(NDN)患者肾活检的指征及临床特征.方法 对53例2型糖尿病患者[因①急性肾衰竭7例;②突出的肾小球源性血尿6例;③糖尿病病程＜5年而蛋白尿＞0.5 g/24h者29例;④糖尿病病程＞5年、大量蛋白尿而血压正常者(肾活检指征)11例]行肾活检、眼底和常规实验室检查.24例因其他原因肾活检、住院期间发现2型糖尿病的患者做对照.结果 糖尿病肾病(DN)占51%,非糖尿病肾病占49%,其中系膜增生性肾炎最多见占1/3.病程越长,糖尿病肾病发生率越高;伴有糖尿病眼部病变[糖尿病视网膜病、白内障、晶体或(和玻璃体)浑浊]者肾活检均为糖尿病肾病.非糖尿病肾病患者糖尿病眼部病变少,糖尿病肾病病程短.肾活检指征②非糖尿病肾病的检出率最高(83.3%),指征④最低(18.2%).结论 糖尿病眼部病变预测糖尿病肾病的特异性为100%;2型糖尿病合并非糖尿病肾病患者血尿突出,糖尿病病程短,糖尿病眼部病变少见.     

2型糖尿病患者胰腺移植疗效分析

目的：评估移植的胰腺如何有效地长期控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平。 方法：1994～2002年，共有17例2型糖尿病患者在我们中心接受了胰腺移植，平均年龄52．5岁，平均发病年龄35．7岁，平均病程16．8年。其中大部分患者有1个或1个以上的糖尿病相关的并发症：视网膜病变94％，神经病变76％，糖尿病肾病65％。在接受移植时，有3例（18％）单用口服降血糖药物治疗，14例（82％）使用胰岛素治疗。17例移植手术中，7例（41％）采用胰肾联合移植，4例（24％）采用肾脏移植后胰腺移植，6例（35％）采用单独胰腺移植。     

2型糖尿病患者的肺功能研究

近年,国外学者对糖尿病（ＤＭ）的肺功能变化进行了许多研究［１］,但结果不尽相同,国内研究则较少。我们对１９９２年３月至１９９４年１０月住院的５１例２型糖尿病患者进行了肺功能的研究,并探讨其临床意义。资料与方法１．对象：①２型糖尿病组：５１例,男２０例,女３１例。年龄１７～６９岁,平均年龄５１．０±１５．６岁。均符合１９８５年ＷＨＯ提出的糖尿病诊断标准。发病０．５个月～２３年,平均６．９±５．３年。均无慢性肺疾患及吸烟史。有慢性并发症者１４例,其中糖尿病并视网膜病变４例,（按１９８３年我国糖尿病视…     

2型糖尿病非糖尿病性肾病流行病学及病理变化研究

65例 2型糖尿病患者肾活检发现, 46. 2% (30 /65)有非糖尿病性肾病 (NDRD)。与糖尿病肾病对比,NDRD男性多见、病程短,浮肿、蛋白尿明显,系膜细胞增生及免疫球蛋白沉积显著,病理组织学类型多样,多见的是IgA肾病(占 43. 3% )。     

Renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without coexisting non-diabetic renal disease

Aims

We sought not only to determine the independent predictors of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) but also to investigate the impact of NDRD on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent renal biopsy and were followed-up longitudinally.

Methods

The present study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 119 type 2 diabetic patients who underwent renal biopsy at Yonsei University Health System from January 1988 to December 2008.

Results

Renal biopsy findings declared that 43 patients (36.1%) had diabetic nephropathy alone, 12 (10.1%) had NDRD superimposed on diabetic nephropathy, and 64 (53.8%) had only NDRD. On multivariate analysis, the absence of diabetic retinopathy, higher hemoglobin levels, and shorter duration of diabetes were independent predictors of NDRD in these patients. During the follow-up period, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) developed in 33 patients (27.7%). On multivariate Cox regression, higher serum creatinine levels, higher systolic blood pressure, longer duration of diabetes, and the presence of diabetic nephropathy were identified as significant independent predictors of ESRD. When the presence of diabetic retinopathy was included in the multivariate model, higher serum creatinine levels, higher systolic blood pressure, and the presence of retinopathy were shown to be independent predictors of ESRD.

Conclusions

Since diabetic patients with NDRD have significantly better renal outcomes compared to patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, it is important to suspect, identify, and manage NDRD as early as possible, especially in type 2 diabetic patients with short duration of diabetes and those without diabetic retinopathy or anemia.     

Non-diabetic renal disease in Croatian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim

Our study aimed to examine the prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease in selected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to determine important risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease.

Methods

We conducted retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory and pathohistological data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in whom renal biopsies were performed from January 2004 to February 2013 at Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb Croatia (n = 80).

Results

According to renal biopsy findings, isolated diabetic nephropathy was found in 46.25%, non-diabetic renal disease superimposed on diabetic nephropathy in 17.5% and isolated non-diabetic renal disease in 36.25% of the patients. The most common non-diabetic renal diseases found were: membranous nephropathy, followed by IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In univariate analysis shorter duration of diabetes, independence of insulin therapy, lower levels of HbA1c and absence of diabetic retinopathy were found to be significant clinical predictors of non-diabetic renal disease. In multivariate analysis only independence of insulin therapy (OR 4.418, 95%CI = 1.477–13.216) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (OR 5.579, 95%CI = 1.788–17.404) were independent predictors of non-diabetic renal disease.

Conclusions

This study confirmed usefulness of renal biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, due to the high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease found. Since non-diabetic renal disease are potentially curable, we should consider renal biopsy in selected type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with renal involvement, especially in those with absence of diabetic retinopathy and independence of insulin therapy.     

2型糖尿病患者合并非糖尿病肾损害的临床病理分析

目的　分析 2型糖尿病 (T2DM)患者合并非糖尿病肾损害 (NDRD)的临床与病理特点。　方法　回顾性分析 4 2例T2DM患者临床与病理资料 ,比较NDRD患者与糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者发病年龄、病程、视网膜改变、急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)、尿检等临床表现的异同。　结果　 (1)该组肾活检诊断NDRD 2 8例 ,占 6 6 7% ,以轻中度系膜增生性肾炎最常见 (7例 ,2 5 0 % ) ,其次为局灶节段性肾小球硬化 (4例 ,14 3% )和膜性肾病 (3例 ,10 7% ) ;3例患者为DN基础上合并肾小管间质性损害(10 7% )。 (2 )两组患者发病年龄、病程、蛋白尿差异无显著意义 ,但NDRD患者镜下血尿明显 (17/2 8vs 3/14 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,3例患者表现为肉眼血尿 ,4例患者出现急性肾功能衰竭 ,与DN组比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)肾外表现中 ,NDRD组视网膜病变发生率明显低于DN组 (3/14vs 7/10 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,但高血压发生率、心血管病变两组间差异无显著意义。 (4)该组 4例ARF患者和 8例以大量蛋白尿为主要表现的NDRD患者治疗后获得完全缓解。　结论　糖尿病常伴有NDRD。对于病程短、血尿明显、伴有ARF或不伴有糖尿病视网膜病变者 ,应重视NDRD诊断。     

Immunoglobulin G levels can predict non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Proteinuria in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is sometimes caused by glomerular diseases other than diabetic nephropathy. In patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), specific predictors for non‐diabetic renal disease (NDRD) are needed in addition to the traditional indicators for renal biopsy. Methods: From 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2011, we retrospectively enrolled 54 T2DM patients with proteinuria who had undergone renal biopsies into the present study. Associations between NDRD and 20 potential biomarkers, including serum levels of Igs and proteins associated with kidney function, and urinary protein and red blood cell levels, and hepatitis virus carrier status, were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that reduced serum IgG (odds ratio [OR] 0.997; P = 0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.998) and creatinine (Cr; OR 0.587; P = 0.014; 95% CI 0.348–0.897) were predictors of NDRD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC_ROC) confirmed the good discriminatory power of IgG (AUC_ROC 0.857 ± 0.058; 95% CI 0.744–0.970; P < 0.001) and Cr (AUC_ROC 0.838 ± 0.054; 95% CI 0.732–0.943; P < 0.001). The IgG level below which the risk for NDRD increased, as calculated by obtaining the best Youden index, was 919.5 mg/dL (sensitivity 91.7%; specificity 83.3%), and the corresponding Cr level was 4.1 mg/dL (sensitivity 58.3%; specificity 96.7%). Conclusion: Serum IgG levels <919.5 mg/dL and serum Cr levels <4.1 mg/dL are associated with NDRD in T2DM patients.     

非糖尿病患者空腹血糖水平和冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨非糖尿病患者空腹血糖水平和冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系。方法回顾性纳入行冠状动脉造影的非糖尿病受检者464例,根据冠状动脉造影结果,将受检者分为冠心病组(n=290)和非冠心病组(n=174),计算受检者冠脉Gensini评分,对两组受检者临床数据进行对比,通过Spearman相关分析以及Logistic回归分析,评估空腹血糖水平和冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系。结果冠心病组空腹血糖水平显著高于非冠心病组[(5.31±0.60)mmol/L vs.(5.45±0.66)mmol/L,P0.05],Spearman相关分析提示空腹血糖水平和Gensini评分显著正相关(r=0.180,P0.01)。Logistic回归分析表明,空腹血糖水平升高是冠心病的独立危险因素(OR=1.145,95%CI:1.046~1.997,P=0.026)。结论在非糖尿病患者中,空腹血糖水平和冠脉病变程度显著正相关,空腹血糖水平升高是冠心病的独立危险因素。     

Clinical features of non-diabetic renal diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes

Although persistent proteinuria is characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN), it is important to differentiate non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) in diabetic patients with proteinuria. In order to re-evaluate the indications for renal biopsy in the diabetic patients, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between clinical features and histological diagnosis in 97 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes manifesting overt proteinuria. Renal biopsy was performed because they were clinically suspected to have NDRD. Patients were divided into three groups according to the histological diagnosis: (1) the DN group (n=35) had only diabetic lesions, (2) the complicated group (n=16) had histological changes of NDRD superimposed on DN and (3) the non-DN group (n=46) had NDRD without diabetic lesions. We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of four clinical parameters (duration of diabetes, presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy, microscopic hematuria and granular casts as urinary sediments) for the prediction of NDRD. Short duration of diabetes (<5 years) showed high sensitivity (75%) and specificity (70%). Diabetic retinopathy showed the highest sensitivity (87%) and specificity (93%). The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic hematuria (56 and 58%) and granular casts (68 and 47%) were lower. Our study confirmed that the absence of retinopathy and short duration of diabetes are useful clinical indications for renal biopsy in diabetic patients with overt proteinuria.