原发性甲状腺鳞状细胞癌4例报告

本文报道4例原发性甲状腺鳞状细胞癌,男、女各2例,年龄44—59岁(平均53.5岁)。肿瘤呈浸润性迅速生长。患者短期内出现发声嘶哑及呼吸困难。本病恶性度高,预后极差,对放疗及化疗不敏感。4例均在术后2月内死亡。病理切片中可见滤泡上皮鳞状上皮化生与鳞状细胞癌并存,提示原发性甲状腺鳞状细胞癌是由化生的鳞状上皮恶变而来。     

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein B1 Expressed in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas as a New Biomarker for Diagnosis

We recently reported that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) B1 was overexpressed in most human lung cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as human oral SCC. To find the significance of hnRNP B1 in cancer diagnosis, we studied hnRNP B1 expression in 16 paraffinized sections of esophageal SCC, using immunohistochemical staining with antihnRNP B1 polyclonal antibody, raised in a rabbit. We compared the expression of hnRNP B1 in cancerous and noncancerous regions of the same specimen: enhanced expression was observed in 63% of cancerous regions (10/16), whereas none of the noncancerous regions showed enhanced expression. The enhanced expression of hnRNP B1 in cancerous regions was compared with that in noncancerous tissue in relation to histopathological grade: 83% for well differentiated (5/6), 83% for moderately differentiated (5/6) and 0% for poorly differentiated (0/4). Histologically, enhanced expression of hnRNP B1 was observed around cancer pearls, as well as in the cells of nests lacking keratinization in well and moderately differentiated SCC. Western blotting analysis revealed enhanced expression in three frozen specimens of moderately differentiated SCC. Using esophageal cancer cell lines, we further confirmed the decreased expression in poorly differentiated SCC cells, compared with other differentiation types. All our results support the significance of hnRNP B1 expression in esophageal SCC as a unique diagnostic marker with regard to association between expression level and histopathological grading.     

涎腺癌196例临床分析

自1975年至1985年间,我院收治涎腺癌共196例,占同期头颈部恶性肿瘤的4.2％。男115例,女81例,年龄6.5-78岁。腮腺93例,颌下腺24例,舌下腺1例,小涎腺78例。本组随访满3、5、10年以上各占153例、121例和39例。3、5、10年生存率分别为75.8％、66.1％、59％。病变位于大涎腺与小涎腺生存率相近。Ⅰ-Ⅳ期5年生存率分别为88.5％、70.7％、52.6％和45.0％。术后放射治疗能改善晚期癌(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)的生存率。本组术后局部复发率为35.5％,远处转移率为7.1％。     

Comparison of DNA Copy Numbers in Original Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Corresponding Cell Lines by Comparative Genomic Hybridization

We analyzed regional DNA copy numbers in 4 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) by using comparative genomic hybridization, and compared them with those in cell lines derived from the SCCs. In the original tumors, DNA copy number increases were observed on chromosomes 5p (4/4 cases), 8q (4/4), 20p (3/4), 3q (2/4), 5q (2/4), 7p (2/4), 7q (2/4), 1ip (2/4), 11q (2/4) and 13q (2/ 4). Although most of these changes have been described previously for SCC tumors in the head and neck, the incidence of increases in 8q and 20p was much higher in the present study; this may be important in relation to cell line establishment, since 8q contains c- myc , which is involved in immortalization. No common chromosomal region with DNA copy number decreases was observed, except for 18q (2/4). When the original tumors and the cell lines were compared, their profiles were essentially similar with one exception. Further, there was no region that commonly changed in the cell lines, but not in the original tumors, suggesting that the DNA copy number changes observed in the cell lines mostly represent those of the original tumors.     

宫颈鳞癌患者血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨宫颈鳞癌患者血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原（ＳＣＣＡｇ）的检测及其临床意义。方法采用微粒子酶免疫分析法检测１２４例宫颈癌患者治疗前血清ＳＣＣＡｇ值,早期患者（Ⅰ－Ⅱａ期）术后１周重复检测,部分手术患者随诊中监测。结果宫颈癌血清ＳＣＣＡｇ检测的敏感性为７３．４％,特异性为９６．１％。ＳＣＣＡｇ阳性率随临床分期进展而增高,有非常性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,早期患者术前ＳＣＣＡｇ异常者术后均下降至正常水平     

Human Papillomavirus DNA in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Respiratory and Upper Digestive Tracts

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18in clinical samples of squamous cell carcinomas from respiratoryand upper digestive tracts was studied. HPV DNA of types 16and/or 18 was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)method in 16 out of 121 cases (13.2%). By Southern blot hybridization,however, only the DNA from a laryngeal and a tonsillar carcinomawas found to hybridize with the whole HPV 16 DNA probe (twoout of 16 HPV DNA-positive cases by PCR, 12.5%). None of theDNAs hybridized with the whole HPV 18 DNA probe. The discrepancyin the results of PCR and Southern blot hybridization methodsseemed to reflect their sensitivity. The possible relation betweenprevalence of HPV DNA and carcinogenesis in respiratory andupper digestive tract is discussed.     

卵巢成熟畸胎瘤鳞癌变预后与鳞癌抗原等肿瘤标记物的关系

目的：探讨卵巢成熟畸胎瘤鳞癌变组织中鳞状细胞癌抗原（ SccAg）表达及与其预后的关系。方法6例卵巢成熟畸胎瘤恶变病例,采用免疫组化方法,检测血清中肿瘤标记物水平变化,分析其与预后的关系。结果6例病例中,有3例为鳞癌变,其他3例为混合型恶变。3例鳞癌变组织中SccAg水平术后有反弹趋势,其预后差,复发率较高。结论对卵巢成熟畸胎瘤鳞癌变的患者,其术后肿瘤标记物SccAg的变化趋势对患者的预后判断有一定的临床意义。     

Immunohistochemical Examination of Gastrin, Gastrin Precursors, and Gastrin/CCK-2 Receptor in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

A promoting effect of gastrin on stimulating Barrett’s oesophagus proliferation has been demonstrated, but whether it plays a regulating role for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to date has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to examine the expressions of gastrin, gastrin precursors and gastrin/CCK-2 receptor in ESCC. Tissue specimen sections from 38 patients with ESSC obtained from a high incidence area of north China were assessed using immunohistochemistry for amidated gastrin, gastrin precursors (progastrin and glycine-extended gastrin) and gastrin/CCK-2 receptors. Their clinical histopathological significance was also analyzed. Of 38 ESCC, the immunoreactivities of gastrin, glycine-extended gastrin and progastrin were observed in 13.2% (5/38), 7.9% (3/38) and 23.68% (9/38) cases. The expression of progastrin was obviously higher than other gastrins, though not significantly (P > 0.05). In positive cases for gastrin or glycine-extended gastrin, the scores of positive tumor cell numbers were at a lower density (<10/abundant-distributed field). However, the scores of progastrin positive tumor cell density in five of nine positive cases were over 10/abundant-distributed field. The immunoreactivity of gastrin/CCK-2 receptor was also observed in 15.8% (6/38) ESCC cases. There was not significant correlation regarding immunohistochemical results with known histomorphological parameters i.e. gender, tumor location and TNM stages. Based on our current results, ESCC tumor cells could be a possible cellular source of gastrin precursors, which has been postulated to play a role in regulating the growth in some human tumor cells.     

Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes 16 and 18 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Jordan

Background: Recently, associations of the human papillomavirus (HPV) with head and neck cancer have become well established. Of particular concern, the severity and pathological outcomes of squamous cell carcinomas are remarkably affected by the genotypes of HPV present in such lesions. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of HPV genotypes, particularly high risk 16 and 18, among oral and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Jordan. Methods: During the period of May 2015 to March 2016, we evaluated a total of 108 paraffin-embedded tissue samples, histologically confirmed as SCC, of both oral and laryngeal tumors for the presence of HPV DNA. DNA was extracted using a Zymogen commercial kit. HPV genotypes were detected by nested PCR using consensus primers followed by primer-specific PCR for HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes. The genotypes were confirmed by DNA sequencing methods. Results: Sixteen samples were positive for HPV DNA (14.8%) with higher rates in oral tumors compared to their laryngeal counterparts (20% and 6% respectively). The HPV-16 genotype predominated, being detected in 81.3% of the cases as a single infection and in 18.7% in combination with HPV-18. A significant association between the anatomical location and the HPV-16 genotype was observed (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant associations could be established with tumor grade and gender or age. Conclusions: A relatively high rate of high-risk HPV genotypes, especially HPV 16, is evident in head and neck cancers SCCs in Jordan. Genotyping of HPV might be of considerable value for evaluation of progression.     

Quantitative Assay of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Region by an Avidin-Biotin Method

A quantitative assay method for epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) of human tumor tissues was established, based on enzyme-labeled avidin-biotin (LAB) interaction with anti-human EGFR monoclonal antibody 52SIgG. A standard calibration curve for EGFR estimation in human tumor tissues was obtained with A431#8 cells cloned from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line. The coefficient of variance for the standard curve was below 35% in the application to tumor tissues from nude mice implanted with human tumor cell lines. The minimum tissue amount required for the quantitative assay was around 0.1 g (wet weight). Using the LAB method, the correlation between the level of EGFR number and tumor malignancy was examined for 14 human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from the oral region. Seven of the SCCs showed a more than two-fold higher EGFR number compared to normal gingival tissues. Three highly aggressive carcinomas with poor prognosis possessed five to ten times higher levels of EGFR number than normal tissues. The elevated EGFR level in the SCCs seems to correlate to increasing tumor size and the stage of SCCs as clinically classified according to the 1987 UICC TNM system.     

乳腺原发性鳞状细胞癌6例报告

目的:研究乳腺鳞状细胞癌临床病理特点。方法:观察6例乳腺鳞状细胞癌的临床病理特点。结果:光镜下对6例乳腺鳞状细胞癌作了描述,在组织病理学特征方面,有3例见到囊肿变化和末端导管鳞状细胞癌改变,并非由肿瘤中心坏死所致。结论:该肿瘤可能由导管上皮化生转化而来。     

外阴癌复发(附55例临床分析)

目的:分析外阴癌外阴局部复发和区域淋巴结转移复发的临床特点及其预后,并探讨外阴癌的治疗。方法:回顾性分析我院1958～2000年收治的435例外阴原发性鳞癌中55例复发患者的临床特点和治疗。结果:复发率为12.6%(55/435)。55例复发患者中,32例单纯外阴局部复发,12例单纯腹股沟淋巴结转移,11例外阴局部复发合并腹股沟淋巴结转移。2年内复发、5年以上至10年内、10年以上复发分别占复发者的49.1%、25.5%、3.6%。外阴单纯复发和腹股沟淋巴结转移复发患者再次治疗后5年生存率分别为49.2%和6.4%,两者差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:单纯外阴复发预后较好,腹股沟淋巴结转移复发预后差。原发外阴癌患者腹股沟淋巴结的处理,仍应以手术治疗为主。为预防外阴局部复发,外阴白斑及其周围皮肤应一并切除,切缘离肿瘤尽可能大于2cm。如果肿瘤接近或侵犯尿道口、肛门而行保留尿道或保肛手术均应于术前或术后辅以放射治疗。     

Expression of CDK6 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Background: CDK6 is the key factor in regulation of the cell cycle and essential for passage into the G1 phase. Italso plays an important role in the development of various tumors. In this cross-sectional study expression of the CDK6protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy oral mucosa of controls was assessed to determine relationswith malignant transformation and clinicopathologic factors. Method: A total of 60 samples, 45 from OSCCs and 15from healthy tissue, underwent immunohistochemistry for CDK6. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of keratinocyteswas considered as positive and the percentages of positive cells were calculated. Results: Expression of CDK6 wasdetected in 55.6% of OSCC samples (25 cases) and 13.3% of controls (2 cases), the difference being significant. Meanpercentage of CDK6 stained cells was 24.2±29.3 in the OSCC cases and 4.33±2.1 in the control group, again statisticallysignificant. No relationship was detected between CDK6 expression and clinicopathologic factors. Conclusion:Overexpression of CDK6 observed in OSCC points to a role for this protein in oral carcinogenesis.     

鳞癌相关抗原在诱发性肺鳞癌癌变过程中动态监测的研究

 Squamous cell c目的　探讨肺癌形成过程中血清鳞癌相关抗原 (SCCAg)、癌胚抗原 (CEA)及糖链抗原15 3(CA15 3)的动态变化 ,为寻找肺癌早期诊断指标提供依据。方法　经肺叶支气管内灌注甲基胆蒽 (MCA)碘油溶液对 91只Wistar大鼠诱癌 ,分别于灌注后第 2 0天、4 0天、50天、60天、70天、80天分批处死动物并取血清。从经病理确诊为不典型增生、原位癌及早期浸润癌各阶段的动物模型组中各选取 3～ 7例 ,应用微粒子酶免疫试验技术 (MEIA)测定血清中SCCAg、CEA、CA15 3的水平。结果　在不典型增生、原位癌阶段 ,三种标志物均无改变 ;但在早期浸润癌阶段 ,SCCAg明显增高 ,其差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,而CEA、CA15 3无明显改变。结论　血清SCCAg在肺鳞癌早期即升高 ,表明SCCAg是肺鳞癌早期诊断的一个很有意义的指标。     

舌鳞癌患者血浆纤连蛋白测定的临床意义

为探讨舌鳞癌患者血浆纤连蛋白测定的临床意义。采用火箭电泳免疫法检测了３３ 例舌鳞癌及３７ 例正常人血浆纤连蛋白的含量。发现舌鳞癌病人血浆纤连蛋白含量（０ ．５３６ ｇ／Ｌ±０ ．１１８ ｇ／Ｌ）明显高于正常人（０．３５９ ｇ／Ｌ±０ ．０６２ ｇ／Ｌ）,Ｐ＜０ ．０１ ;晚期及伴颈淋巴结转移的舌鳞癌病人血浆纤连蛋白含量也明显高于相应的早期与无颈淋巴结转移的舌鳞癌病人（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结果显示血浆纤连蛋白含量测定对舌鳞癌的诊断,以及肿瘤恶性与转移的判断有一定的参考价值     

58例小细胞癌与鳞癌复合型肺癌的临床分析

背景与目的小细胞癌与鳞癌复合型肺癌少见,本研究分析其临床病理特征和治疗现状,探讨影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月-2012年12月58例病理细胞学证实的小细胞癌与鳞癌复合型肺癌患者的资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank法进行单因素预后分析,Cox风险回归模型分析影响总生存（overall survival, OS）的因素。结果全组患者的OS为0.3个月-124.3个月,中位OS为22.7个月。单因素分析显示：初诊卡氏评分<80分、广泛期、肿瘤-淋巴结-转移（tumor-node-metastasis, TNM）分期晚是影响OS的不良预后因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,只有TNM分期是独立的影响OS的因素（P=0.019）。治疗多采取化疗为主的综合模式治疗,远处转移仍是治疗失败的主要原因。结论小细胞癌与鳞癌复合型肺癌患者的治疗多采用以化疗为主的综合治疗模式,TNM分期是独立的预后影响因素。     

腮腺原发性鳞状细胞癌

报道腮腺原发性鳞癌１４例，男性１１例，女性３例，年龄２０～６６岁（平均，５２岁）。Ⅰ期３例，Ⅱ期４例，Ⅲ期７例，均经病理证实，并排除转移性鳞癌和腮腺粘液表皮样癌可能。单纯手术或放疗各２例，手术＋放疗６例，动脉化疗＋放疗＋手术３例，１例仅行动脉化疗。３年、５年生存率分别为３８．５％，１８．２％。初步探讨其临床病理特点。     

原发性肾盂鳞状细胞癌5例的临床分析

目的　分析肾盂鳞状细胞癌的临床特点及治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析了 5例肾盂鳞状细胞癌的临床特点、治疗方法及随访情况。结果　肾盂鳞状细胞癌的发病率占同期所有肾盂肿瘤的 5 .2 % (5 /97)。中位年龄 5 1岁 (4 0～ 67岁 ) ,2例为早期 (A期、B期 ) ,3例为晚期 (D期 )。 4例低分化鳞状细胞癌 ,1例高分化鳞状细胞癌。 5例患者均行手术治疗 ,4例出现转移并辅助化疗或放疗。 2例失访 ,其余 3例 2年内均死于肿瘤。结论　肾盂鳞癌转移率高 ,预后差