大肠平坦型腺瘤与隆起型腺瘤的临床特征比较

目的 探讨大肠平坦型腺瘤的发病情况,比较平坦型腺瘤与隆起型腺瘤的临床特征和镜下特点。方法设定一个时间段选择我院连续行结肠镜检查的患者,经肠镜下切除的并经病理证实为腺瘤的所有病变,收集完整的一般临床资料,根据镜下肉眼形态分为平坦型腺瘤和隆起型腺瘤,计算平坦型腺瘤在结肠镜检查人群中的检出率,应用构成比计算平坦型腺瘤占检出腺瘤的比例,比较平坦型腺瘤和隆起型腺瘤的临床特征和镜下特点,包括患者性别、年龄、病变大小和部位。结果结肠镜检查共10319例,符合纳入标准的共468例患者,550枚息肉,其中检出30例31枚息肉为平坦型腺瘤,438例519枚息肉为隆起型腺瘤,平坦型腺瘤在结肠镜检查人群中的检出率为0．29％,占检出腺瘤的6．41％;平坦型腺瘤和隆起型腺瘤的性别、年龄、大小和单发腺瘤／多发腺瘤的比率差异均无显著性;平坦型腺瘤有41．94％位于右半结肠,而隆起型腺瘤仅24．47％,差异有盟著性。结论平坦型腺瘤在国内并非罕见,平坦型腺瘤较隆起型腺瘤倾向发生于右半结肠,提示全大肠镜检查更有利于检出平坦型腺瘤。     

大肠平坦型腺瘤、隆起型腺瘤和腺癌的p53、c-myc和ki-67表达比较

目的 检测大肠平坦型腺瘤、隆起型腺瘤和浸润性大肠癌p53、c-myc和ki-67的表达水平,探讨其基因调控机制.方法 选取2002至2006年间行结肠镜检查并经病理证实的平坦型、隆起型腺瘤和腺癌的病变标本,用免疫组织化学二步法检测p53、c-myc和ki-67的表达水平,分析三者表达水平在各组病变的差异和意义.结果 p53、c-myc和ki-67在平坦型腺瘤、隆起型腺瘤和腺癌中阳性表达率分别为3.33%(1/30)、8.06%(5/62)和69.44%(25/35);33.33%(10/30)、58.06%(36/62)和80.56%(29/36);23.33%(7/30)、19.35%(12/62)和50.00%(18/36);在正常组织中均无明显表达.结论 平坦型腺瘤、隆起型腺瘤和大肠癌三者具有不同的p53、c-myc和ki-67表达,提示三者的发生、发展可能存在不同基因调控机制,平坦型腺瘤的癌发生途径可能与隆起型腺瘤不同.     

大肠扁平腺瘤与息肉样腺瘤的对比研究

大肠扁平腺瘤指平坦或轻微隆起于大肠黏膜表面的腺瘤，其腺瘤成分的厚度不超过周围正常黏膜的两倍，1985年由Muto等最早报道。多项研究显示，大肠扁平腺瘤占所有大肠腺瘤患者的12％～42％，伴重度异型增生的比例超过12％，远高于息肉样腺瘤的4％，故认为扁平腺瘤是易癌变的特殊腺瘤类型。本研究通过结肠镜检查、病理检查和免疫组化染色研究大肠扁平腺瘤的特点。     

舒林酸治疗散发性结直肠腺瘤的临床研究

目的观察舒林酸对散发性结直肠腺瘤的疗效.方法 36例经结肠镜和组织学诊断的散发性结直肠腺瘤病人,随机分为二组,治疗组口服舒林酸400 mg/d,对照组口服安慰剂2片/d,疗程均为4个月.观察治疗前和治疗4个月时腺瘤数目、最大直径、形态及腺瘤异型增生分级变化.结果治疗组和对照组各16例完成试验.治疗前、后比较,治疗组59个腺瘤直径分别为(3.6±2.2)和(2.4±1.5)mm,治疗后腺瘤直径较治疗前明显缩小,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.001);腺瘤形态较治疗前变化明显,出现扁平隆起和红斑.异型增生级别明显降低,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.001);对照组30个腺瘤直径分别为(4.6±2.5)和(3.     

大肠表面型病变组织学和P53、c-Myc表达

目的研究人类大肠表面型病变的组织学特征及P53、c-Myc在大肠癌演变过程中的意义。方法采用免疫组化二步法,研究20例正常大肠黏膜、31例表面型病变、51例隆起型病变及31例大肠腺癌组织中P53、c-Myc的表达情况。结果大肠表面型病变的组织学均为腺瘤,且全部伴有不同程度的异型增生,与隆起型病变比较,两组中、重度异型增生的比例均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;大肠表面型病变的P53、c-Myc表达分别为3.2%及25.8%,其中P53表达与隆起型病变比较结果无差异（P〉0.05）,但c-Myc的表达两组有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论大肠表面型病变与大肠癌关系密切,P53、c-Myc在其向大肠癌演变过程中起重要作用。     

大肠小扁平腺瘤、息肉样腺瘤p53、p21表达的研究

目的:观察大肠小扁平腺瘤p53、p21基因的表达,探讨小扁平腺瘤与息肉样腺瘤生物学行为的不同及其与大肠癌的关系.方法:利用免疫组化法研究50例小扁平腺瘤(A组)和30例息肉样腺瘤(B组)以及20例正常大肠黏膜(C组)的p53、P21基因表达情况.结果:p53、p21 在A、B、C 三组中阳性率分别为58%、56%;33.3%、36.7%;5%、10%.P53阳性率三组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).p21阳性率:A、B组分别与C组有差异显著性(P＜0.05);A组高于B组,但卡方检验P＞0.05,无统汁学差异;A组进一步与B组中直径＜1.0cm的腺瘤的p21阳性率(30%)比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:大肠小扁平腺瘤p53、p21基因的异常表达提示小扁平腺瘤的生物学行为与息肉样腺瘤有差别,可能更易于恶变.     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤与传统腺瘤的内镜表现和病理学特征比较

目的通过分析结直肠锯齿状腺瘤（SA）和传统腺瘤的内镜和病理学特征的差异,加强对SA的认识。方法比较2008年6月至2013年10月天津医科大学总医院消化内镜中心检出的80例SA和160例传统腺瘤的一般情况、内镜表现和病理学特征。结果SA患者平均年龄比传统腺瘤患者小[（57．5±13．8）岁和（62．3±12．2）岁,P=0．0038],而男女性别构成,两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在内镜特征方面,SA主要发生于直乙结肠（60％）,传统腺瘤好发部位为直乙结肠（45％）、升结肠（20％）和降结肠（19％）,两组病变部位差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在内镜形态分型（隆起型及表面型）和腺瘤大小方面比较,两组组间差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在病理学方面,SA具有独特的锯齿状结构,传统腺瘤为管状、管状绒毛状和绒毛状结构。传统腺瘤的低级别瘤变率高于SA（P〈0．05）,但sA仍有约1．9％的局部恶变率。结论sA与传统腺瘤在年龄、发生部位和病理学特征方面存在差异,是一种独特的腺瘤类型,有一定恶变潜能,应引起临床和内镜医师的高度重视。     

老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉178例临床特点分析

背景:结直肠腺瘤性息肉与结直肠癌关系密切,是重要的癌前病变。目的:分析老年人结直肠腺瘤性息肉的临床特点。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年7月南京医科大学第一附属医院经结肠镜和病理检查证实为结直肠腺瘤性息肉的老年患者178例,对患者的性别、年龄、腺瘤部位、腺瘤大小、病理类型、异型增生、癌变等因素进行回顾性分析。结果:不同性别、年龄、大小的腺瘤分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着腺瘤直径的增大,管状腺瘤的检出率下降,绒毛-管状腺瘤的检出率增高(P0.01),腺上皮中重度异型增生的发生率增加,腺瘤的癌变率增加(P0.01),且绒毛-管状腺瘤的腺上皮异型增生程度和癌变率明显高于管状腺瘤(P0.01)。结论:随着腺瘤直径的增加,老年腺瘤性息肉患者绒毛-管状腺瘤的发生率、异型增生程度以及腺瘤癌变率均明显增加,早期发现并治疗腺瘤性息肉可有效减少老年结直肠癌的发生。     

32例结直肠锯齿状腺瘤的内镜表现及病理学特征分析

目的探讨结直肠锯齿状腺瘤(SA)的内镜下形态和病理学特征。方法收集并分析1996年1月至2008年5月我院检出的32例SA的内镜和病理资料。结果 32例患者共检出SA60枚,其中35枚为隆起型(无蒂23枚,亚蒂7枚,有蒂5枚),25枚为扁平型。SA常见于乙状结肠及直肠(乙状结肠29枚,直肠11枚)。组织病理学上,管状、管状绒毛状和绒毛状SA分别为41枚、9枚、10枚;不典型增生程度,轻度48枚,中度7枚,重度5枚,其中4枚局部癌变。大于或等于10mmSA较10mm以下的SA不典型增生程度重(P0.01)。结论大于或等于10mm的SA较10mm以下的SA更易癌变,应引起临床及内镜工作者的重视。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）合并Serrrated腺瘤二例报告

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(Laterally Spreading Tumor,LST)指起源于大肠粘膜的一类平坦隆起型病变,这类病变极少向肠壁深层垂直侵犯,而主要沿粘膜表面呈侧向浅表扩散,故称之为侧向发育型肿瘤。大肠的Serrated腺瘤指大肠的一类特殊病理形态的腺瘤,其成瘤上皮成分有明显增生,使腺管或绒毛呈现锯齿状外观,类似于增生性息肉样改变,或腺瘤成分与增生性息肉成分同时存在。     

Adenomas of the colon

Summary I believe that resection, rather than colotomy and polypectomy, is the treatment of choice for adenomas that require surgical operation. The cases presented illustrate why resection is better for adenomas larger than 1 cm, multiple adenomas, and adenomas coexisting with other pathologic conditions. The pathologic findings in these cases show the malignant potential of adenomas.     

Colorectal Adenomas and Diet

It has been postulated that high intakes of animal fat and protein and low intakes of fiber, calcium, and antioxidants increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Whether specific types of protein such as that from red meat are important, and whether vegetables might be key protective factors will also be considered in this study. Dietary intake over the past year was studied according to the diet history method by means of a case-control study in 184 cases and matched controls. After adjustment for energy, relative weight, and social class, no associations were found for fat or protein in comparison with either control group. Unexpectedly, carbohydrate intake was inversely related with adenoma risk, the RR being 0.29 (0.10-0.81) for quintile 5 versus 1 in comparison with hospital controls. None of the antioxidants showed a significant protective effect except beta-carotene intake in comparison with hospital controls, the RR being 0.24 (0.11-0.50) for the highest versus the lowest quintile. There was, however, a statistically significant positive association between adenomas and meat consumption with the RR for the highest versus the lowest quintile. There was, however, a statistically significant positive association between adenomas and meat consumption with the RR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake being 3.6 (1.7-7.5) in comparison with hospital controls and 4.4 (1.6-12.1) in comparison with population controls. Our data support the protective role for carbohydrate intake and of beta-carotene intake in the etiology of colorectal adenomas and show a strong increased risk for developing adenomas in those with high meat intake.     

Early Carcinogenic Events in HNPCC Adenomas: Differences with Sporadic Adenomas

Background Tumorigenesis in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) differs from that in sporadic colorectal cancer during the early stage. We examined the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-regulating proteins in relation to proliferation and apoptosis in HNPCC and sporadic adenomas. Methods Proliferation and apoptosis were quantified, and the expression of cyclin B1, D3 and E, p21, p27, bcl-2, bax, p53 and cox-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry in 100 patients (42 with HNPCC and 48 with sporadic adenomas). Results No differences between the two groups of patients in terms of proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Low-grade dysplastic HNPCC adenomas differed from sporadic ones by expressing bcl-2 more often (69 vs. 42%) and bax less often (50 vs. 73%). In comparison to sporadic adenomas, fewer high-grade dysplastic HNPCC expressed cyclin B1 and E (50 and 38% vs. 87 and 87%, respectively), p21 (6% vs. 53%) and bax (31% vs. 80%). In addition, HNPCC adenomas had a lower overexpression of p53 (5 vs. 19%). Conclusion The expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins differs between HNPCC and sporadic adenomas from early through to advanced stages although proliferation and apoptosis are not different. These differences may contribute to the different clinical behavior of HNPCC and sporadic adenomas.     

Surgical Management of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas

The reported cases of hyperthyroidism due to a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma have steadily increased in previous years; however, information about the results and long term outcome after pituitary surgery is scanty.Twenty-four patients with a TSH-secreting adenoma underwent pituitary surgery at our department in the last 15 years. Hypersecretion of other pituitary hormones was diagnosed in 7 patients. Three patients were euthyroid at the time of surgery because of previous ablative thyroid therapies.The success rate of surgery strictly depends on the criteria used. Normalization of elevated FT₃ and FT₄ levels occurred in 17 of the 21 patients with preoperative hyperthyroidism: however, only those with early postoperative undetectable TSH level (12 cases) had no recurrence of disease during follow-up and no residual tumor tissue on postoperative MRI, whereas recurrence of hyperthyroidism occurred in 3 of the 5 patients without postoperative TSH inhibition. All 3 euthyroid patients had a subtotal removal of the tumor, as judged by postoperative MRI.Surgical removal is the therapy of choice of TSH-secreting adenomas, whereas radiotherapy and medical treatment with somatostatin analogues are usually reserved to patients with incomplete tumor removal. A thorough postoperative evaluation is necessary to discriminate between complete and partial remission of disease.