X射线修复交叉互补基因功能的研究进展

对X射线修复交叉互补(XRCC)基因功能的研究极大地促进了对哺乳动物DNA损伤修复过程和遗传不稳定性致癌机制的理解。通过观察XRCC基因突变体的表型,可以对其功能进行鉴定。目前已鉴定的这一基因家族的多数成员均参与几种重要的DNA修复途径,包括碱基切除修复、同源重组修复和非同源末端重接。XRCC基因的鉴定及其在DNA损伤修复和维持遗传稳定性过程中发挥重要的作用。     

X射线修复交叉互补基因功能的研究进展

对X射线修复交叉互补(XRCC)基因功能的研究极大地促进了对哺乳动物DNA损伤修复过程和遗传不稳定性致癌机制的理解。通过观察XRCC基因突变体的表型，可以对其功能进行鉴定。目前已鉴定的这一基因家族的多数成员均参与几种重要的DNA修复途径，包括碱基切除修复、同源重组修复和非同源末端重接。XRCC基因的鉴定及其在DNA损伤修复和维持遗传稳定性过程中发挥重要的作用。     

α—粒子诱发BEP2D2细胞癌变系的DNA断裂重接修复缺陷与XRCCs修复基因mRNA表达研究

目的 研究α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞（BEP2D）癌变细胞系BERP35T－1和BERP35T－4的DNA断裂损伤修复能力，分析其DNA断裂修复基因XRCCs系列的mRNA表达。方法 脉冲电场凝胶电泳法检测DNA双链断裂，RT－PCR分析DNA修复基因的mRNA表达。结果 恶笥转化细胞系BERP35T－1和BERP35T－4受0－150Gy γ射线照射后修复4h的DNA断裂残留损伤显著高于亲本BEP2D细胞，mRNA表达分析显示修复基因XRCC2，XRCC3和Ku80(XRCC5)表达下调2.5-6.5倍，而BERP355－R细胞中DNA－PKcs(XRCC7)表达上调2．4倍。结论 α粒子诱发恶性转化细胞系的DNA链断裂修复机理缺陷，其中部分原因是DNA修复基因的表达抑制。DNA修复缺陷将导致细胞基因组不稳定性，α粒子诱发细胞恶性转化机理可能与此相关。     

α-粒子诱发BEP2D细胞癌变系的DNA断裂重接修复缺陷与XRCCs修复基因mRNA表达研究

目的 研究α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)癌变细胞系BERP35T-1和BERP35T-4的DNA断裂损伤修复能力,分析其DNA断裂修复基因XRCCs系列的mRNA表达。方法 脉冲电场凝胶电泳法检测DNA双链断裂,RT-PCR分析DNA修复基因的mRNA表达。结果 恶性转化细胞系BERP35T-1和BERP35T-4受0～150Gyγ射线照射后修复4h的DNA断裂残留损伤显着高于亲本BEP2D细胞,mRNA表达分析显示修复基因XRCC2、XRCC3和Ku80(XRCC5)表达下调2.5～6.5倍,而BERP35T4细胞中DNAPKcs(XRCC7)表达上调2.4倍。结论 α粒子诱发恶性转化细胞系的DNA链断裂修复机理缺陷,其中部分原因是DNA修复基因的表达抑制。DNA修复缺陷将导致细胞基因组不稳定性,α粒子诱发细胞恶性转化机理可能与此相关。     

hOGG1、XRCC1、XRCC3基因单核苷酸多态性与食管癌放疗预后关系的研究

食管癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率高,预后差,死亡率居癌症第6位[1],其病理类型90％以上为鳞状细胞癌,对射线较敏感,放射治疗在食管癌综合治疗中占重要地位.然而单纯放疗后5年生存率10％～30％,局部复发高达60％～80％.如何通过分子生物学手段达到改善食管癌的疗效及提高食管癌的预后已经成为目前研究的主要方向.hOGG1、XRCC1、XRCC3是DNA损伤修复的重要基因,这些基因的单核苷酸多态性可以改变修复蛋白的功能进一步改变DNA损伤修复能力,在肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗过程中发挥重要作用.本研究采用PCR-RFLP法研究hOGG1、XRCC1、XRCC3基因单核苷酸多态性与食管癌放射治疗预后的关系,旨在为食管癌治疗方案的选择提供参考依据.     

DNA双链断裂修复途径中重要的修复蛋白

DNA双链断裂修复是DNA损伤最主要的修复途径之一,修复基因可以修复DNA损伤,保持遗传信息的完整性,从而抑制肿瘤的发生。目前已知参与DNA双链断裂损伤修复的机制有两种——非同源性末端连接和同源重组修复机制。该文介绍了参与非同源末端连接和同源重组修复机制的几种重要的修复蛋白。     

电离辐射损伤与DNA修复基因

DNA辐射损伤直接影响复制、转录和蛋白质合成,进而影响细胞遗传、发育、生长和代谢等生命活动。DNA损伤还是突变的重要原因,而严重的突变可造成细胞癌变,导致肿瘤的发生。然而,生物体内存在着DNA损伤修复系统,其中DNA修复基因起着重要的作用。     

靶向DNA损伤应答关键分子在肿瘤放疗增敏中的应用

放射治疗是临床肿瘤治疗的重要手段,主要通过破坏DNA双链对肿瘤细胞造成严重损伤。然而,其作为单一的治疗手段,治疗效果受肿瘤细胞固有DNA损伤修复能力的影响。多项研究表明,靶向调节DNA损伤响应关键分子可以有效抑制DNA损伤修复,协同增强放化疗敏感性。本文对一些关键的DNA损伤响应抑制剂联合放疗、化疗在多种肿瘤治疗中的应用进行了总结,并阐述了联合治疗诱导由环鸟嘌呤核苷酸腺嘌呤核苷酸合成酶-干扰素基因刺激因子介导的免疫反应。最后总结和展望了联合治疗存在的挑战和发展前景。     

电离辐射损伤与DNA修复基因

DNA辐射损伤直接影响复制、转录和蛋白质合成,进而影响细胞遗传、发育、生长和代谢等生命活动.DNA损伤还是突变的重要原因,而严重的突变可造成细胞癌变,导致肿瘤的发生.然而,生物体内存在着DNA损伤修复系统,其中DNA修复基因起着重要的作用.     

电离辐射损伤与DNA修复基因

DNA辐射损伤直接影响复制、转录和蛋白质合成，进而影响细胞遗传、发育、生长和代谢等生命活动。DNA损伤还是突变的重要原因，而严重的突变可造成细胞癌变，导致肿瘤的发生。然而，生物体内存在着DNA损伤修复系统，其中DNA修复基因起着重要的作用。     

Increased susceptibility to delayed genetic effects of low dose X-irradiation in DNA repair deficient cells

Abstract

Purpose: To examine whether the levels of micronuclei induction, as a marker for genomic instability in the progeny of X-irradiated cells, correlates with DNA repair function.

Materials and methods: Two repair deficient cell lines (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 [XRCC1] deficient cell line [EM9] and X-ray repair cross complementing 5 [XRCC5; Ku80] deficient X-ray sensitive Chinese hamster ovary [CHO] cell line [xrs5]) were used in addition to wild-type CHO cells. These cells were irradiated with low doses of X-rays (up to 1 Gy). Seven days after irradiation, micronuclei formed in binucleated cells were counted. To assess the contribution of the bystander effect micronuclei induction was measured in progeny of non-irradiated cells co-cultured with cells that had been irradiated with 1Gy.

Results: The delayed induction of micronuclei in 1 Gy-irradiated cells was observed in normal CHO and EM9 but not in xrs5. In the clone analysis, progenies of xrs5 under bystander conditions showed significantly higher levels of micronuclei, while CHO and EM9 did not.

Conclusion: Genomic instability induced by X-irradiation is associated with DSB (double-strand break) repair, even at low doses. It is also suggested that bystander signals, which lead to genomic instability, may be enhanced when DSB repair is compromised.     

Cytogenetic monitoring of hospital staff exposed to ionizing radiation: optimize protocol considering DNA repair genes variability

Purpose: Chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) induces a wide spectrum of DNA damages. The aim of this study was to assess the frequencies of micronucleus (MN), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and to evaluate their association with XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln and XRCC3 241 Thr/Met polymorphisms in Hospital staff occupationally exposed to IR.

Materials and methods: A questionnaire followed by a cytogenetic analysis was concluded for each subject in our study. The exposed subjects were classified into two groups based on duration of employment (Group I?<?15 years; Group II ≥15years). The genotypes of all individuals (subjects and controls) were determined by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results: DNA damage frequencies were significantly greater in IR workers compared with controls (p?<?.05). However, no association arised between XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln and XRCC3 241 Thr/Met polymorphisms, on one hand, and the severity of DNA damages in the studied cohort of Tunisian population, on the other hand.

Conclusion: Our data provide evidence for an obvious genotoxic effect associated with IR exposure and reinforce the high sensitivity of cytogenetic assays for biomonitoring of occupationally exposed populations. These results indicate that workers exposed to IR should have periodic monitoring, along their exposure. The variants, rs25487 and rs861539, of XRCC1 and XRCC3 genes have obvious functional effects. Paradoxically, these variants are not associated with the severity of damages, according to used assays, in the studied cohort of Tunisian population, unlike other studies.     

Inhibition of Repair of Radiation-induced DNA Damage by Thermal Shock in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Summary

The effect of exposure to elevated temperatures (41–45°C) on the repair of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks was measured in monolayer cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Prior exposure of cells to temperatures between 43 and 45°C resulted in significant decreases in the rate of repair of DNA damage. Exposure to 45°C for 15 min slowed the rate of DNA repair to 0·17 of the control repair rate. The T_o for inactivation of DNA repair was observed to be 34, 13 and 6 min at 43, 44 and 45°C, respectively. Stepdown-heating (45°C for 15 min followed by repair at 41°C) resulted in greater inhibition of DNA repair (0·11 of the control rate) than was observed after acute heating alone. Repair at 41°C was observed to proceed in unheated cells at a faster rate than at 37°C. An Arrhenius analysis of the inactivation kinetics of DNA repair between 43 and 45°C indicated an activation energy of 140 kcal mol^?1 of protein for the inhibition of DNA repair. In general, the results were inconsistent with either a retardation of the DNA repair rate or an increase in unrepaired DNA lesions being responsible for heat-induced radiosensitization.     

组蛋白修饰影响细胞辐射敏感性的研究进展

组蛋白修饰在细胞DNA损伤修复过程发挥重要作用。近年来多项研究表明,组蛋白修饰可以在参与招募DNA损伤修复因子、创建染色质开放结构和建立组蛋白抑制性标记等方面影响细胞对辐射的应答。同时,调控组蛋白修饰方式可以影响DNA损伤修复的过程,进而影响辐射敏感性。本文就组蛋白修饰影响DNA损伤修复过程与辐射敏感性的机制进行综述。