二维超声结合多普勒技术在足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的临床应用

目的 探讨二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)诊疗中的临床应用价值.方法 采用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声检查技术检测45例经临床诊断HIE患儿(观察组)和30例正常足月儿(对照组)出生后48h内的脑实质回声改变、血流动力学改变,并进行对照.结果 二维超声显示观察组中29例患儿脑实质回声异常,有回声增强、结构模糊,脑室变窄或消失等表现;彩色多普勒显示脑血流动力学参数与对照组有明显变化,以中重度HIE患儿明显.观察组ACA、MCA的血流参数与对照组比较,轻度HIE组ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值均降低,RI增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 中重度HIE组ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值明显低于对照组(P<0.01),RI增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).轻度HIE组ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值均高于中重度HIE组(P<0.05),RI降低(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 应用二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声检测新生儿HIE能及时反映二维形态、脑血流动力学改变,对HIE的诊断、治疗以及预后评估有较大的临床意义.     

颈部血管彩色多普勒超声联合经颅多普勒超声检测在脑梗死诊断中的应用

目的:探讨颈部血管彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)联合经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检测在脑梗死诊断中的应用效果。方法:选取41例脑梗死患者,将其作为观察组。另选取同期健康体检者41例作为对照组,两组均接受CDUS及TCD检测。比较两组颈总动脉收缩期内径(Ds)、颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉收缩期血流速度峰值(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI),比较CDUS、TCD单独及联合检测的敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果:观察组Ds、RI、颈总动脉IMT、PI均明显大于对照组,Vs、Vd均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合检测诊断的敏感度、准确度明显高于CDUS、TCD单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颈部血管彩色多普勒超声联合经颅多普勒超声检测可提高脑梗死诊断的敏感度和准确度,且效果优于单纯颈部血管彩色多普勒超声检测或经颅多普勒超声检测。     

彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）中的应用价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检查技术检测68例新生儿HIE和45例正常对照组大脑中动脉（MCA）及大脑前动脉（ACA）起始端的收缩期峰值流速（Vs）、舒张末期速度（Vd）、平均流速（Vm）、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）等参数。结果：出生后48h内HIE组的新生儿脑血流参数有变化,以中重度HIE组明显。与对照组比较,轻度HIE组ACA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值均降低,其PI、RI增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;中重度HIE组ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值明显降低（P〈0.01）,其PI、RI增高（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。中重度HIE组ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd及Vm测值均明显低于轻度HIE组（P〈0.05）,但RI增高（P〈0.05）。结论：应用彩色多普勒超声监测新生儿HIE的脑血流动力学改变,对预测新生儿脑损伤程度及评估预后有重要的临床意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的 诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的诊断价值.方法 选取本院收治的90例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿进行研究,将其作为观察组,以其病情程度为依据将其分为轻度组(22例)、中度组(44例)、重度组(24例);同时选取90例足月健康新生儿为对照组;两组新生儿均在出生48 h内行经颅彩色多普勒超声诊断,并两组患儿声像图改变情况及脑血流情况进行比较.结果 轻度组患者与对照组比较,大脑前动脉(ACA)起始端的收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张末期速度(Vd)、平均流速(Vm)均明显降低,而搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)均明显上升,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度组患者与对照组比较ACA、大脑中动脉(MCA)的Vs、Vd、Vm测值均明显降低,但中重度组患者PI与RI值均明显高于对照组,组间比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中重度组与轻度组比较ACA、MCA的Vs、Vd、Vm均明显降低,但中重度组患者RI值明显高于轻度组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用彩色多普勒超声对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿进行检测可有效的了解患儿脑血流动力学改变,对患儿脑损伤程度的预测及预后评估有重要参考意义.     

偏头痛患者经颅多普勒血流动力学观察及临床意义

目的:观察偏头痛患者经颅多普勒(TCD)血流动力学改变及临床意义。方法:应用TCD对378例偏头痛患者脑动脉(MCA、ACA、PCA、BA、VA)、血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)、PI及RI进行检测,并对检测结果与对照组对比分析。结果:378例偏头痛患者中有135例TCD检测结果正常,其余243例均有不同程度、不同类型的异常表现。其中血流速度加快共296支,血流速度减慢共83支,两侧血流速度不对称共34支。血流速度加快组脑动脉(ACA、PCA、BA、VA)血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比明显加快,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而MCA血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比加快更为明显,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),血流速度减慢组脑动脉(MCA、ACA、PCA、VA)血流速度(Vs、Vm、Vd)与对照组对比明显减慢,统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而PI及RI在血流速度加快组及减慢组与对照组对比无明显变化,统计学处理差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:偏头痛是一种发作性神经-血管功能障碍,利用TCD检测技术能对偏头痛的诊断、治疗及病情判断方面提供依据。     

彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病肾病肾血流的观察分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声肾血流参数诊断糖尿病肾病的临床价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声对26例健康成人、46例2型糖尿病肾病患者肾段动脉、叶间动脉血流参数进行测定。结果:疾病组肾段动脉、叶间动脉收缩期最大血流速度(Vs)、舒张期末最低血流速度(Vd)较正常组降低(P<0.01),阻力指数(RI)较正常组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:彩色多普勒超声肾血流参数在预测糖尿病肾病肾脏损害方面有一定临床参考价值,为糖尿病肾病的诊断提供了一种简便的方法。     

彩色多普勒超声探测早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病脑血流改变

目的 探讨早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)早期脑血流改变及其意义.方法 应用彩色多普勒对74例HIE早产儿于生后10～12 h内检测大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、豆纹动脉(LA)、额中动脉(FIA)的收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张末期速度(Vd)及阻力指数(RI),并与正常对照组44例进行比较.结果 (1)血流速度变化:生后10～12 h内轻度及中重度HIE组Vs、Vd均低于对照组,MCA的Vs、Vd各组间差异有显著性意义.(2)RJ变化:HIE组与对照组比较,LA的RI有显著差异,轻度与中重度组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 患有HIE的早产儿于出生后10～12 h已出现脑血流动力学紊乱,以脑血流减少为主,MCA的RI＞0.8,LA的RI＞0.6,或MCA与LA的RI升降不一致时,是预后不良的标志.     

婴儿闷热综合征的脑血流变化与临床意义

目的了解婴儿闷热综合征脑血流的变化。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对40例婴儿闷热综合征患儿发病后24h与治疗后72h的血流参数并与60例正常健康儿进行对照检测。结果患儿的大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉的Vs、Vm、Vd、RI均较正常儿明显降低(P<0.05);经过吸氧、补液、脱水治疗后72h的血流速度较24h时的血流速度明显增高,而RI反而下降(P<0.05)。结论72h脑血管血流速度增大,RI下降,说明脑灌注增加,表明脑组织恢复较好,预后较好。     

不同年龄段人TCD脑血流动力学参数

目的　研究不同年龄段人脑血流动力学参数的正常值范围。　方法　应用彩色多普勒对 90 8例不同年龄段人的大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)、椎动脉 (VA)、基底动脉 (BA)的收缩期血流速度 (Vs)、舒张期血流速度 (Vd)、平均血流速度 (Vm )、脉动指数 (PI)进行检测。　结果　 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA的 Vs、Vd、Vm均随年龄的增大而减小。 PI在 10～ 4 0岁随年龄的增大而减小 ,而 >4 0岁后 ,又随年龄的增大而增大。　结论　提出国人不同年龄段的 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA、BA血流参数的正常值范围     

彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的诊断价值

目的:观察彩色多普勒超声在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的诊断价值。方法:对47例诊断为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的患儿在生后3 d内进行彩超检测,并选取45例正常新生儿作为对照,分析二维颅脑超声声像图改变及两组新生儿的脑血流情况。结果:彩超在检测新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中,特别对中重度患儿,准确率为100%。另外,患儿大脑中动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)以及阻力指数(RI)均较对照组有明显的异常,Vs、Vd下降,RI上升(P<0.01)。结论:彩超在临床诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病有一定参考价值,脑血流动力学指标的早期改变则能够较早提示病变的存在,对本病的下一步临床治疗以及患儿预后均提供了较为重要的价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.